ch.6 SPC Montgomery Slides PDF

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
1
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 2

Subgroup Data with Unknown and

Phase I Application of x and R Charts
Eqns 6.4 and 6.5 are trial control limits
Determined from m initial samples
Typically 20-25 subgroups of size n between 3 and 5
Any out-of-control points should be examined for assignable causes
If assignable causes are found, discard points from calculations and
revise the trial control limits
Continue examination until all points plot in control
Adopt resulting trial control limits for use
If no assignable cause is found, there are two options
1. Eliminate point as if an assignable cause were found and revise limits
2. Retain point and consider limits appropriate for control
If there are many out-of-control points they should be examined for
patterns that may identify underlying process problems

Example 6.1 The Hard Bake Process

Revision of Control Limits
and Center Lines
Effective use of control charts requires periodic
review and revision of control limits and center lines
Sometimes users replace the center line on the x chart
with a target value
When R chart is out of control, out-of-control points
are often eliminated to recompute a revised value of R
which is used to determine new limits and center line
on R chart and new limits on x chart

Phase II Operation of Charts
Use of control chart for monitoring future
production, once a set of reliable limits are
established, is called phase II of control chart
usage (Figure 6.4)
A run chart showing individuals observations
in each sample, called a tolerance chart or
tier diagram (Figure 6.5), may reveal patterns
or unusual observations in the data

Control vs. Specification Limits
Control limits are derived
from natural process
variability, or the natural
tolerance limits of a process
Specification limits are

determined externally, for
example by customers or
designers
There is no mathematical or
statistical relationship
between the control limits
and the specification limits

Rational Subgroups
x charts monitor between-sample variability
R charts measure within-sample variability
Standard deviation estimate of used to construct
control limits is calculated from within-sample
variability
It is not correct to estimate using

Guidelines for Control Chart Design
Control chart design requires specification of sample size,
control limit width, and sampling frequency
Exact solution requires detailed information on statistical
characteristics as well as economic factors
The problem of choosing sample size and sampling frequency is one of
allocating sampling effort
For x chart, choose as small a sample size is consistent with
magnitude of process shift one is trying to detect. For
moderate to large shifts, relatively small samples are effective.
For small shifts, larger samples are needed.
For small samples, R chart is relatively insensitive to changes
in process standard deviation. For larger samples (n > 10 or
12), s or s2 charts are better choices.

6.2.4 Interpretation of Control Charts

6.2.5 The Effect of Non-normality
An assumption in performance properties is that the
underlying distribution of quality characteristic is normal
If underlying distribution is not normal, sampling distributions can be
derived and exact probability limits obtained
Burr (1967) notes the usual normal theory control limits are
very robust to normality assumption
Schilling and Nelson (1976) indicate that in most cases,
samples of size 4 or 5 are sufficient to ensure reasonable
robustness to normality assumption for chart
Sampling distribution of R is not symmetric, thus symmetric
3-sigma
x limits are an approximation and -risk is not 0.0027.
R chart is more sensitive to departures from normality than
chart.
Assumptions of normality xand independence are not a primary
concern in phase I

6.2.6 The Operating Characteristic Function

If the shift is 1.0 and the sample
size is n = 5, then = 0.75.

Development of the control limits:
Thius produces the control limits in equation (6.27)

This produces the control limits in equation (6.28)

Average Run Lengths
Crowder (1987b) showed that
ARL0 of combined individuals
and moving-range chart with
conventional 3-sigma limits is
generally much less than ARL0
(= 370) of standard Shewhart
control chart
Ability of individuals chart to

detect small shifts is very poor
Rather than narrowing the 3-
sigma limits, correct approach to
detecting small shifts is a
cumulative-sum or exponentially
weighted moving-average control
chart (Chapter 9)

Normality
Borror, Montgomery, and Runger (1999) report that the in-control ARL is
dramatically affected by nonnormal data
One approach for nonnormal data is to determine control limits for individuals
control chart based on percentiles of correct underlying distribution
Requires at least 100 and preferably 200 observations
Transformations can also be useful

Learning Objectives


ch.6 SPC Montgomery Slides PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ch.6 SPC Montgomery Slides PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ch.6 SPC Montgomery Slides PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 2

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 5

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 10

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 11

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 17

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 18

Specification limits are

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 22

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 23

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 24

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 27

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 29

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 30

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 31

Thius produces the control limits in equation (6.27)

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 38

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 39

Ability of individuals chart to

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 56

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 57

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 65

You might also like