OAST ARTILLERY

JOURNAL
FOUNDED IN 1892 AS THE JOURNAL OF THE UNITED STATES ARTILLERY

OLUME LXXXVI SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1943 NUMBER 5

CONTENTS

COVER. From Drawing

RONTISPIECE. Nigbt Practice, Camp Edwards AAATC.
*
by Prit!ate Cbarles Miller, AAA Scbool.

N AW BATTALION IN AFRICA. By Major Hmry V011 Kolnitz 4

IMPREGNABLE" COAST DEFENSES OF SICILY (Pictures) 9
A IN THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN 10
IP AND RUN RAIDS. By Major M. R. Russell , 17
OMBAT ON GUADALCANAL. By Sergeant Jacob I. Tennenbaum 19
By Sergeant Micbael J. Hack, Jr 20
By Staff Sergeant Murray M. Gross 20
By Corporal Pbillip Kaufman 21
NTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY WITH THE INFANTRY DIVISION.
By Lieu/mallt Colonel Roger W. Moore 23
VASION COAST (Pictures) 26
ONTROLLED SPOTTING: THE FRAZER TRAINER.
By Captain Harlan lP'. lP'andersee and Lieu/mallt Richard F. lP' ood 28
A GUNS AND THE FIRE DIRECTION CENTER. By Lieutmant Colonel Burgo D. Gill , 32
TI-MTB TARGET. By Major Charles L. Beaudry 33
A: FRIEND AND FOE (Pictures) 34
OMBAT CONDITIONING. By Major Villcent Vsera 36
POTTING BY SENSING FOR RAPID FIRE BATTERIES. By Liel/te1lant Colonel F. G. Tandy 39
ETERMINATION AND USE OF CERTAIN STATISTICAL AVERAGES IN SEACOAST
ARTILLERY FIRE CONTROL. By tbe Coast Ar/illery Board 41
OAST ARTILLERY IN ACTION 43
OAST ARTILLERY BOARD NOTES 46
EWS AND COMMENT " 48
OAST ARTILLERY ACTIVITIES 53
BOOK REVIEWS 80

PUBLICATION DATE: OCTOBER 1, 1943

blished bi.monthly by the United States Coast Artillory Aaaociation. Editorial and exeenti"e ollices, 631 Pennsylvanis A"enno, X.W.,
ashin~n 4. D. C. Terma: $4.00 per year. (Coast Artillery As.ociation member .. $3.00 per year.) Single eopies .• 5c. Entered as
nd-cl .. s mstter at Washington, D. C.; additional entry at Richmond, Va., nnder the Act of :March 3, 18.9. Copyright. 1943. by the
aited States Coast Artillery Association.
 MAJOR
This is the story of an automatic weapons battalion from
its conversion from a cavalry unit to the end of the Battle
of Kasserine.
HENRY VON KOLNITZ
October 6, 1940, saw the yellow hat cords of an old cav- Coast Artillery Corps
alry outfit replaced by the red of the Coast Artillery. The
battalion was now to be known as the X Separate Battalion
Coast Artillery (AA) (Mobile) (37mm). It left shortly equipment was being assembled. During this time the B
thereafter for a training center in Texas where it trained talion Commander and S-3 visited all British light ack
for sixteen months in the varied subjects necessary to pro- installations within fifty to seventy-five miles and, as
duce a good, smooth working, well-disciplined antiaircraft their scheme, received gratefully the invitations of th
unit. While a shortage of some materiel existed, the Bat- unit commanders to have the junior officers and non
talion made many long motor marches including a thousand missioned officers spend several days at their operatio
mile problem with many varied defenses and changes of gun sites. Another plan, whereby the services of t
position under all sorts of conditions. At the end of this artillery mechanics and fire control electricians with
time, despite the loss of two complete batteries, sent over- goodly supply of assistants were offered a local Ordna
seas, and a turnover in officer personnel of over 100%, the shop, saw the Battalion get back a large group of men
Battalion was a closely knit unit with esprit and morale that trained and experienced in the care, adjustment, and r
was to pay dividends later on. of guns, oil units, and directors. This was to prove of
From the MATC, the Battalion went to the newly estimable value.
opened Desert Training Center and there received a further After some six weeks in the comfort of a large Brit"
polish to its training. Physical conditioning and living barracks, the Division left to undergo the amphibious tr
under difficult field conditions day in and day out at tem- ing which was to be put into practice November 8th
peratures ranging from 1000 to 1400, toughened the men Oran. Here the Bofors guns were loaded into all sortS
and improved their self-confidence. It was here that the landing craft and they were unloaded and dragged ac
Battalion received its Bofors guns, without directors. It beaches by every sort of power from half-tracks to .
was here that the daily "grooming by the numbers" of the power. 1\lany landings were made on problems w~
motor transport was instituted. How thankful we were to closely simulated the actual landing. Finally the veh
be for this later. and guns were water-proofed, tested and loaded on
After three months, l'vlay, June and July, in the desert, the convoy. A few days later the Battalion went aboa~
the Battalion was rushed overseas to supply the First Infan- and the next time it was to set foot to land would be VIa
try Division with its antiaircraft. surf on D Day.
Upon arrival in England, there was a lull during which The Battalion had been increased bv attachment of
 itional batteries in England and was, therefore, able to officer in a gun section in the care and adjustment of the
d two Bofors batteries with each of three combat teams. remote control system.
initial mission was protection of the beach and land- At this point the same procedure used in motor vehicle
swith a later displacement. The S-3 and Master Gunner maintenance was established for the fire unit materiel. A
eded the Battalion ashore as an advanced reconnais- systematic maintenance schedule was issued, detailing daily,
ce party to check the gun positions which had been every other day, bi-weekly, weekly, etc., tasks. The guns
ted from map and aerial photographs. The Battalion and materiel were at all times to be kept spotless, inside and
ed, carrying their machine guns and ammunition and out, wheels and lower carriage as well as top carriage. The
'ng up a beach defense prior to daylight. gun and mount were to be kept as a riRe would be for in-
he landings were uneventful but considerable resist- spection. They were.
e developed later and the Battalion had its first taste of The importance of maintenance at this level cannot be
lIery and machine gun fire. No planes were able to pass overstressed. Proper function of the fire unit requires it.
umbrella of Spitfires and Hurricanes provided by Gen- But leaving out the materiel aspect, the self pride, esprit
Doolittle. The second day saw two planes attack the and discipline instilled by this is of paramount value. A
'on of beach covered by A & B Batteries. They were unit with dirty guns soon becomes dirty in all phases of its
promptly shot down and as a result the antiaircraft's life. Men grow beards, don't bathe, wear dirty clothes, and
, soared. their efIiciency becomes very low. It was required that not
fter St. Cloud was by-passed, one and a half batteries only would the materiel be maintained properly, but all
e taken up to the outskirts of Gran which they entered personnel must be clean shaven, and keep uniforms, web
n resistance ceased and set up the defense of the town eCluipment and leather clean. There was no laundry serv-
harbors in positions selected by map reconnaissance ice. The let-down in discipline and morale when this is not
e on shipboard, later verified by ground reconnaissance done is marked. This was one of the most important facts
e by the Battalion Commander and S-3. After some we learned from the Royal Artillery.
in Gran during which time the defenses were strength- During this time the Battalion organized and dispatched
by another battery and platoon, the Battalion moved two airborne machine gun detachments of eight guns each
he airports at La Senia and T afaraoui where a static to the Tunisian front. Shortlv thereafter the Battalion \Vas
was enjoyed for about two weeks. filled to T ;0 strength in vehicles and headed East.
uring this time re-equipment and reorganization were Upon reaching Algiers it was found that the Battalion
'ed out, along with intensive training, particularly in had been assigned to a British Ack Ack Brigade and it was
~ing and care and maintenance of equipment and the with some doubts that the Staff reported to them in Bongie.
uct of schools which q'lalified every noncommissioned The doubts were quickly dispelled as the Brigadier and his
 staff were most cordial and helpful and became very close camouAage difficulties was presented. And to dig-in a
friends. The "commitments" were quickly filled and again completely required a deeper hole and more time. Alth
. the Battalion settled down to intensive training during its it was not a problem often, provision for drainage must
daylight hours. Two batteries went to Philippeville and made, and a dug-in site was more difficult to drain sa
soon entered into action against night bombers with some factorilv.
success. The assignment on the coast was shortly termi- A co~pletely built-up position was easy to drain, offext:
nated but not before all batteries had been in action. Here good protection against the antipersonnel bomb but WllI
too, every opportunity was taken to improve the technical difficult to camouAage on the bare plains found there. ~
training of the men. As an example, whenever it became dirt necessary for the built-up wall had to be hauled frQQ
necessary to send a Director to the Royal Electrical & 1\ le- some narrow pit and the truck-tracks and pit complica
chanical Engineers workshop for repair, a spare Director the camouAage problem, already difficult. Here again, t
was sent and all Fire Control Technicians and their under- type of gun site required a good deal of time to make.
studies made the same repair to the spare as was being made As a standard, when possible, the Battalion adopted
by the RE~ IE on the bad one. And here again carefully very small half dug-in half built-up position. The spoil fr
selected personnel was placed in the REi\IE shops for train- the gun pit, power plant pit, and machine gun pit
ing since the more qualified Director and gun mechanics usually sufficient for the parapet. Digging in only
available the better would be the performance of the fire way effects a considerable saving in time. Another saving
units. No one could have been more cooperative than the time and labor was made by placing the Director in
officers and men of our adopted Brigade. longation of the axis of the gun chassis. It was felt that
The next move saw the Battalion finally reach Tunisia. appreciable loss of stability would result and the saving)
One battery was at Yonks-Ies-Bains, short of the Tunisian size of hole and digging was considerable. The gun pit
border, and one at Thelepte. Both were in action from usually dug as a rectangular shaped pit whose axis was al
the start. The batten' at Yonks went into action as it the direction of the azimuth of the center line of the d
arrived against a Aight ~f seven Ju8S's and it chalked up one. space area. always furnished by Battalion Headquarte

Crew of antiaircraft guns in half-track await orders to com.

mence firing on approaching bomber aircraft. Tunisia.

Prior to this time the simple fortifications used on the

coast had been adequate but it was realized that Tunisia
was something else again. The Battalion built three types
of positions, completely dug-in, completely built up, and
half dug-in half built up. This article docs not attempt to
state that anyone of these is preferable at all times. How-
ever, for the conditions met with at that time, it was felt
that the half dug-in half built-up, very small position pos-
sessed several advantages.
In the first place Jerry dropped a very nasty antipersonnel
bomb which left a shallow crater only a few inches deep
and usually the tail of the bomb fell in the crater, showing
that the entire force was lateral, parallel to the surface of the
ground. A completely dug-in position offered poor protec-
tion. Also a problem in removal of spoil and the attendant
 more than one batterv was involved in a defensive ,\ lachine gun ammunitIOn was similarly treated. It was
p. The gun was rolled in "from the rear end (Director preferable to keep more unopened cases of ammunition with
and the gun and Director pit closed in by suitable fewer filled chests, sa\'ing maintenance time. All cal. .50
Iting. In some positions-for instance, a gun site in an ammunition was linked in the cases. All ammunition was
Roman river, the rectangular shape was retained al- cleaned and maintained every day. \\'hat price a hit if
gh it was usually closed in to a circular or somewhat through neglect the fuse has corroded and fails to function?
n-shaped form. The outriggers extended well into the Camouflage and or dispersion were very important.
, with a recess sandbagged in to permit rotation of jack .'\ets were numerous and used on everything where they
les. \Vheels were always remo\'ed and dug-in sepa- were practical. Each vehicle had its own net which was
ly near the position. Four recesses were left at suitable used if the vehicle was stopped for a period of twenty min-
tions to hold a case each of ready ammunition. The utes or longer. No overhead camouflage ,,'as ever used
tor pit was separated from the gun pit by a sandbag O\'er the gun or machine gun. No mud was permitted on a
II with an angled blast-proof passageway. gun under the guise of camouflage. Disruptive pattern
The parapet was built up of spoil. It was imperati\'e painting was effective when suitable colors were obtainable.
the six to eight inches of topsoil be carefully removed Even the most carefully camouflaged position, however, will
placed to one side for use in covering the final parapet be revealed if the gun is left at any appreciable elevation.
sloped wall so as to blend it into the surrounding Living quarters were kept at a minimum of sixty yards from
undo It sloped very gradually to form a mound of the gun site and these were also camouflaged.
ular outline, the taper of the wall being uneven. This Slit trenches or foxholes were not dug in the vicinity of
two purposes. It produces a mound which is quite the gun position unless high altitude bombardment or artil-
ural in appearance and outline and eliminates shadow. lery fire was a possibility. There was no high altitude
The Director tripod was usually placed on small squares bombing e..... perienced by the Battalion in Tunisia during
wood or a triangular platform and in extreme cases where this period. Slit trenches were numerous in the living area.
soft soil required it, a short 2" x 4" piling was driven It was felt that the gun position when properly built af-
er each foot. forded excellent protection against low flying attack.
he gun muzzle protruded several feet beyond the inner The Battalion was somewhat scattered during this period.
of the parapet, reducing dust and muzzle blast. The One battery was on the coast, one south of Constantine, one
was levelled as low as possible, with the jacks only near Tebessa and one at Thelepte, where the Battalion
htly extended. In this position the top of the parapet Headquarters was located. In addition the Battalion had
uld allow depression to between + 50 and 00. For attached to it a British Battery of eight 3.7-inch heavy ack
'zontal fire four or five turns on each jack handle would ack, two airborne machine gun batteries and some British
the carriage evenly to permit negative depression. light ack ack. Supply and administration were real prob-
outinely only five cases of 40mm high explosive shell lems.
e kept within the gun position, four in the recesses and From the start many actions were engaged in. Jerry was
open case convenient to No. IO. Two additional cases quite active in the early stages and made at least daily visits
clips alternately loaded with A.P, shot and high ex- to the airfields the Battalion was covering. The effectiveness
ive were kept near the gun position and marked by a of fire increased steadily and toward the end of the stay the
r tube. The remainder of the section's ammunition was greater majority of the Me's and F.\\'.'s fired on were hit.
t, two cases per hole, in the vicinity of the gun position. Unfortunately one can seldom tell whether or not anti-
aircraft fire has been effective. Me's and F.W.'s don't shed
feathers as a duck does and many times it would be learned
several days later that the "bird" came down. As a result
the S-3 reports do not tell the true story. By the end of the
Tunisian campaign the Battalion had fifty-one destroyed
and forty-five probables on the official sheet.
As a routine procedure the power plant and motors were
warmed up so that all was in readiness for the morning
stand-to, thirty minutes before dawn until 0900 hours. In
the afternoon the stand-to began at 1630 and lasted until
the last patrol had landed. Between times two men rode
the seats and another served as lookout, this job being
rotated every twenty minutes. These three men were on
two hours and had to be able to fire the gun satisfactorily on
FAS control. Half of the gun section followed the training
schedule, the other half being on the alert status. These
were reversed every half day.
Gradually the other batteries were brought to Tunisia
and given various missions in the general vicinity of
Thelepte where the Battalion Headquarters remained.
Finally one day the Battalion was relieved from its assign-
ment with the British Brigade and came under control of
the American Second Corps. A few days later Jerry came
through Gafsa and Sbeitla and the trouble began. Retreat-
109 In a snow storm one night, the Battalion sent its bat- with the accepted principles for employment of ground
teries to protect the few field artillery battalions at Kas- chine guns. Outposts, trip wires, etc., should be at least
serine. The Battalion Command Post was set up in some yards outside the gun position to afford sufficient wami
woods near Bon Chebka and in another day or so our old l\lembers of the fire unit should be conversant with t
friends the First Division showed up, and to our relief the exact duties in an action involving local defense and shOll
Battalion was again attached to the Division where it cov- be able to find their places in the dark.
ered the field artillery. During the Kasserine action three The Battle of Kasserine found the Battalion with aHa
guns of "D" Battery were overrun by a German infantry ments ranging from half track units to airborne mach
attack at dawn one morning, along with five guns of the gun batteries-even 90mm guns were attached. The dis
field artillery Battery "D" was protecting. Another 105mm sitions were over such a wide area that the Battalion In
section, retaining its fuse cutter, although surrounded for tained two Command Posts, the Battalion Executive Offi
some hours, kept the Germans at bay by cutting fuses to with a small group making up the subsidiary Comlna
give practically muzzle bursts and firing the gun by a Post. After the Germans were cleared from Kasserine a
telephone wire tied to the lanyard. All guns were recovered the Second Corps started its push which ended in the ju
undamaged that afternoon. tion with the British Eighth Army, the Battalion
The importance of local security and of having an ade- mander and S-3 received their orders to return to the Stal
quate plan for defense of the fire unit area which is under- under the Rotation Policy and so the actual first h
stood bv all members of the unit, cannot be stressed too knowledge of the Battalion ends. A commendation for I
much, particularly when in forward areas. The scheme of behavior when one of its batteries was overrun by ta
defense should include pbnni , d another for twenty-three planes in four days closes t
emplacing, the machine
 mpregnable" Coast Defenses
Prior to the invasion of Sicily by the Allies, Italy widely

SICILY publicized to her own people her "impregnable" coast defenses

of Sicily. These were supposed to make any attempt at invasion
a suicide attack.

Railway Artillery. Coastal Batteries of the

.. (over-age soldiers used in areas ad-
home towns). These guns are of approxi-
6-inch caliber (149mm or 152mm) with
around 20,000 to 24,000 yards, mounted on
,Italy placed great faith in her railway arti!-
hich had been extensively developed in
and major caliber sizes. Strategically 10-
railways provided for their employment on
etches of unpopulated coast to augment the
ive strength of fixed batteries at strategic
positions.

'an, infantry in position awaited

arnval of Allied landing parties.
 An example of old AA equipment used in 1939.

In the first two years of the war, AA guns were responsi- aircraft guns you must hit either the pilot, the engine or t
ble for destroying nearly 600 enemy aircraft over Britain. control; and the fact that an aircraft can suffer a surprisi
Many more were damaged by AA fire, and of these a fair amount of damage in other parts of its structure with
proportion failed to reach their home bases. This is not being put out of action has been proved by the experien
purely conjecture, but inference from a number of factors, of our own pilots in action over enemy territory. Even if
such as the condition of damaged aircraft when last seen shot is perfectly aimed and the fuse is accurately set to bu
and the examination of wreckage and bodies washed ashore. the shell at exactly the right place and moment, the airc
But the principal achievements of AA guns lie not in only has to deviate from its course to a small extent to esca
the destruction of enemy aircraft, in which their successes, unharmed.
though substantial, are bound to be few compared with the On the other hand, unless he is using dive-bombi
successes of fighter aircraft. The value of the guns is in the methods, the pilot must fly on a straight and even course
prevention of accurate bombing and in preventing enemy a constant speed for at least half a minute if he is to
aircraft reaching their objectives, particularly by night. The his bombs accurately. V.Then the aircraft is being enga
effect of AA gunfire is, generally speaking, to keep all by antiaircraft guns the pilot has to decide whether to
enemy aircraft at a high altitude and to deter them from tinue to fly straight, in which case he runs a serious
flying on the straight and even course necessary for accurate of being hit. If, on the other hand, he "jinks" and ta
bombing. If a 'plane cannot fly low or straight, it cannot avoiding action by altering his course and speed, then
bomb accurately and its chances of doing serious damage ruins his bomb-aimer's chance of releasing his bombs
are less. curately.
The direct destruction of enemv aircraft is the most ob-
vious purpose of antiaircraft guns, but this job is much easier
for the fighters. For, to bring about the destruction of tI
'plane with antiaircraft fire, the shell must burst within PART ONE
fiftv to one hundred feet from the target. \\lith light anti-
 ther important function of AA guns is to indicate the a ceiling and a faster rate of fire, but a smaller shell. There
ion of enemy aircraft to our Own fighters. Often, when are also some 3-inch guns from the last war, whose chief
enemy 'plane is out of range, the guns fire one or two characteristic is a high rate of fire; these fire high explosive
s to burst as near as possible, simply to draw the or shrapnel shell every three seconds, producing a mush-
ter's attention to the enemy. room growth of cotton-wool bursts.
here are two main types'"of heavy AA gun. The 4.5 Our light AA gun is the Bofors, which weighs two tons
which hurls a high e:-,:plosiveshell weighing nearly and fires anything up to 120 two-pound shells a minute to
a hundred-weight to a height of eight miles in fifty
*Exlracted from ROOF OVER BRITAIN, the Offidal Stor, of the
llds' time; and the 3.7 inch, which has almost as high A.A. Defenul. /939-1942, by special permission.

/lriti"h Combin~.

'Even sound locators ... were really only capable of

iving the height at which the enemy was travelling
perhaps ten miles away from the Capital."
a height of 6,000 feet. The projectile e},:plodeson impact. that the correct drill is followed and no unnecessary
The last-war Lewis gun has been surpri~:ngly successfuL are run. \\'ell-given orders make an extraordinary differ
mounted singly, or in twin or quadruple for greater fire to the number of rounds the guns manage to fire.
power. It has brought down many low-flying raiders who The Cermans staned the Battle of Britain in the Su
sought by diving from cloud to surprise the defenses. The of 19-+0 with attacks on convoys, and then went on
function of the Lewis guns is to hold off the bomber from harbors and dockyards. They bo~bed Chatham Dock
low-level attack, or from vulnerable points all over the Thev delivered mass attacks on Portsmouth and
country. the~:bombed Portland and \Veymouth; and then, while
At a "heavy" site there may be two, four, six or eight maintaining attacks on coastal towns, started a caref
guns. The normal plan is a four-gun site run by a half-bat- planned series of assaults against airfields.
tery divided into two sections. The two sites may be several The importance of AA guns in airfield defense is fu
miles from each other. mental. It is the guns which guard the 'planes du.ring
The guns are spaced around the sides of the gun park. vital moments when they are getting off the gro
wi' h the cummand post at the center. The command post is \ Vherever in this war airfields have lacked adequate
an oblong enclosure containing the predictor, the identifi- defenses, they have been unable to stay in action u
cation (or spotters') telescope. and the height-F.nder. It is in any sustained attack. This was amply demonstrated
the charge of the Cun Position Officer (c.p.a.) who con- France and Crete. Nine of the airfields in South and So
trols the firing of the guns, \\ atches the effect of fire, and has east England came in for a battering, some of them twice
the responsibility of identifying any doubtful 'planes that one day, and in a few instances airfields were atta
may be about. He has an assistar,+.-Llsuallyan :\I.e.O., here- several times during a day.
inafter referred to as C.P.O.A.-who a.:ts as a human mega- The Battle of Britain was still in full swing when
Phone, relaving the C.P.O.'s orders to the ouns: in action first night attack was made on London on September
• L ~

the G.P.O.i\. is responsible for "fire discipline." for seeing 7th. 19-+0.The daylight battles had begun to go against

•
A vital link in British AA defenses:
members of the Royal Observer Corps
watch for enemy planes. Note the
"mobile" switchboard.
BritiJIh O~cial.
 Ancient equipment was used in the first days of the war.

lans, though the Luftwaffe still continued them. it was, therefore, disappointing that, though the reinforce-
ndon at this time was not adequately defended. All ments in guns by the second night of the battle were very
England there was still a shortage of antiaircraft guns, considerable, there did not appear to be much more AA fire.
as we might be attacked anywhere, it was essential to Before the war a very complicated system of barrages, de-
cover to all our large cities. In the Thames Estuary a pending primarily on sound locators for their information,
'derable concentration of antiaircraft guns had been had been organized. It was known as the "Fixed Azimuth"
up, because many of the German daylight attacks system. Special regiments had been trained in its use, and
made v:a the Thames Estuary. But now it was essential during the early stages of the war it had been improved very
the gun defense of London should be rapidly improved. greatly. But, depending as it did on sound for its informa-
hin twenty-four hours of the first night attack rein- tion, it was both inaccurate and cumbersome, and it could
ments from all over the country were on their way to only produce a small volume of fire for the large number of
on, and within forty-eight hours the guns in London guns.
been doubled. During the nights of September 8th and 9th, Command
e initial attacks on London were made on the East and Divisional staffs visited gun sites and consulted together
docks and caused very great havoc. It appeared as if the in Gun Operations Rooms in order to try and produce a
y thought that by concentrating on the East End, more effective answer to the German night raids. But,
e there was a large and crowded population, he would though variations of all sorts were put into effect on the
such panic as to endanger the Government's position, night of the 9th with a view to producing greater accuracy,
t to force them to make peace. Thanks to the stubbom- everyone on the Command and Divisional staffs was most
first of the people in the East End, and later of all dissatisfied with the results. Early on the morning of the
oners, this indiscriminate bombing of the civilian pop- 10th, a conference was held at Command headquarters
n did not result in any serious loss of morale. At the with the determination that, whatever had gone before,
time, the very courage of the Londoner constituted an on that vVednesday night the enemy should be met with a
ation to defend him. barrage the like of which had never been seen or heard be-
guns take a little time to be effective after they'have fore. Great difficulties were still encountered. New methods
d into new positions. Telephone lines have to be laid, of plane location were still in their infancy, and very few
•t •••
s'(
Bren guns assisced the defense.

llritiJfh Combin~.
 AA 1:\1 THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN 15
, which were in use with the "Fixed Azimuth" sys- formation with their fighters, flying at 18,000 feet and
were really only capable of giving the height at which 250 m.p.h.
enemy was travelling perhaps ten miles away from the The staff officers who provided the material for this story
tal; on the gun site itself there was no method of find- were watching from one of the old forts of Chatham, built
out whether the height had changed. to repel an earlier invasion which never came. The bombers
ter a very earnest consultation with scientists and ex- came steadily on. The range shortened. From the sunlit
of all sorts a meeting was called in London for 12: 30 town there was neither noise nor movement.
day. The Gun Position Officers (i.e., the officers in Then the outer gun stations went into action. The black
rge of firing the guns) from every site in London were bursts of the first salvoes sprang up among the leading
ro to attend, in addition to the Battery, Brigade and bombers. The foremost Dornier swerved and dived away, a
ional Commanders. It was made a point of honor with long plume of smoke trailing from its cockpit. From the
G.P.Os.-many of them young officers who a few engines of the second came thin wisps of white smoke that
[hs before had been civilians-that, however handi- grew to a cloud. The formation turned away from the wall
d they might be by shortage of equipment, they of bursts towards the l'vledway, climbing steadily and spread-
d put up such a barrage that night as, if it did nothing ing widely like the fingers of an outstretched hand. One of
"auld hearten the civilian population. All the schemes them exploded with a direct hit, and a string of flaming
the scientists could devise were e;..:plained to them; and fragments fell toward the river. l\lore and more gun stations
6nal bit of advice they were told that, where all else took up the action: there was an infernal crescendo of sound.
. they "'.'QuIdget a height sent to them from the Gun For half a minute-how disproportionately short these sig-
rations Room and they must use their ears to estimate nificant battles are-the Dorniers pressed on in formation.
e the enemy was, and then barrage in front of them at Then, over Dartford, the close wedge was broken, and as
t height. the bombers scattered to avoid the bursting shells, Hurri-
he result was remarkable. Punctually to time the Ger- canes and Spitfires diving out of the sun, did execution.
J

bombers arrived-and were met by a roar of guns which Meanwhile to the southwest of Chatham a second wave
have astonished them as much as it heartened the of Heinkels was similarly faltering under intense gun-fire.
doners. The enemy had been flying at 1,200 feet; as Long before the Medway was reached its ranks had de-
as the barrage opened they climbed to 22,000 feet. generated into a straggling line, widely dispersed.
y turned back and at least nine 'planes were shot down For some minutes the cloudy sky above the Isle of Grain
A fire. Guns were in action all night; and at dawn, as .was the setting for high drama. The routed Dorniers of the
ammunition lorries moved into the sites to replenish the first wave were staggering about in dogfights, the sky a wild
recedented number of rounds which had been fired, the medley of twisting aircraft. The white discs of parachutes
ners were washing out the hot bores of their guns. hung in the air. Over Chatham the guns still held the stage
n that barrage, so crudely begun, has been built up the and the Heinkels of the second wave rocked and jinked
t effective defense that all our scientific brains could
as they tried to run the gauntlet of the barking inner guns
lice. It has, moreover, become a pattern for the defense and the cruisers in the river. The leading Heinkel, caught
oly of the cities of Great Britain, but of our fortresses in a salvo of 3.7-inch shells with its bomb-load still in the
d and the cities of other mighty adherents to the racks, blew to pieces at 19,000 feet. Almost at the same
'led Nations. instant another Heinkel, hit in the cockpit and engines,
fell flaming down towards Dartford Park. Thirty seconds
week after the London barrages first flowered came the
later, over the Isle of Sheppey, the guns shot away the tail
of the daylight attacks. Sunday, September 15th was
of a third machine which dived 5,000 feet into the sea and
of our fighter pilots' great days. The enemy attacked
disappeared entirely. The guns had shot down three raiders
more than 500 'planes, at that time the largest force
in less than three minutes.
launched in a single day's offensive, and lost at least
Not far away the Bofors gunners engaged a Dornier
of them. Here is the antiaircraft side of the picture.
flying fast and low towards the sea. Repeated hits were
the morning attack the guns could play little part he- scored; the target danced antics in the air; both engines
of the presence of friendly fighters, though, of course, caught fire, and he turned over and fell towards the sea.
did their usual job in breaking up formations. Their The air at this time was full of the crumps of bursting sal-
unity came in the afternoon. At about 2:30 P.M. the voes, the whine of falling shell splinters, the uproar of
of two great waves of enemy planes, each more than engines. And as the London batteries engaged, the din was
strong, crossed the coast between Dover and Dungeness, multiplied.
thrust towards the Thames Estuary. Less than a hun- A third wave of enemy approached, mainly Dorniers, at
of them managed to elude the fighter net and reach slightly over 16,000 feet. This was the last mass-formation
southeastern outskirts of London. Eight minutes after attack of the day. It was not a mass formation for long. It
'og the coast it was apparent that they were headed was quickly scattered by the guns, and while out of range
'ght for the Chatham guns. There was not long to wait. of the majority of batteries, the enemy turned away west-
ot thuds came in quick succession as the \Vest MaIling ward to meet the Nemesis of further fighter squadrons.
engaged them. A curtain of white puffs, remote and In the mopping-up actions, when the returning enemy
I, shrouded the toy-like specks. One of them fell away came within range at all, two more Dorniers and a Messer-
g black smoke. Now they could be identified through schmitt 109 fell to the heavy guns and two Dorniers to the
lars, about forty Dernier 215s in close arrowhead light AA batteries. It is not possible to detail all the inci-
16 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-
dents of that crowded half-hour which, of course, seemed l\len officers and senior N.C.Os. from established baue
like hours of battle to the people who took part. A fugitive combined with AT.S. officers to form the nucleus of COn
Domier appeared out of the clouds over a Bofors position In a mixed battery there are eleven men officers and tn
to be shot down in flames only 500 yards from the gun-pit. AT.S. officers. The women officers concentrate upon
A l\1esserschmitt, its tail shot away at 15,000 feet, whined fare and administration; they have nothing to do with
down to shatter itself in a rural churchyard. Another operational side. Operationally the AT.S. are entirely u
Domier, already hit in the port engine, blundered over the control of male officers, though the latter have
Chatham at 5,000 feet. As the 4.5-inch bursts sprang up disciplinary powers except that of reporting the girl
beside .it, pieces of wing and fuselage broke away from it. cemed to her officer. This naturally produces complicatio
Four occupants baled out and were captured by cheering but they have not proved insoluble.
civilians who raced across the fields while the pilotless l\lessing presented certain problems. The new life m
bomber, skimming the roof-tops, buried itself in a cottage these young women very hungry, and the A.T.S. ration
garden. smaller than the men's. Pending an official decision on
Shortly before five o'clock the gunners of a cargo vessel point great care was necessary to use the available food
steaming down the river hit a Heinkel with their twelve- the best advantage. By mutual consent the rations for m
pounder at 200 yards' range, and saw it crash into the and women were pooled and shared equally. The \vo
mudflats on the Essex side of the river. were well represented on the messing committees. M
During these late engagements cloud almost completely a while appetites were stabilized, and diet was balanced
covered the sky and visibility grew gradually worse. It was provide food popular with both sexes. Special regard
under these conditions that the last action of the day took paid to the women's need for fresh fruit, salads and m
place. At 5: 15 P.l\[. a single Dornier 215 dived from low foods.
cloud, cracking away with its machine gun at the streets of \Vomen 011 the Seardllights
an estuary town. At 3,000 feet a Bofors opened up and
In April, 1941, a searchlight site was manned with A.
brought it down flaming-a red exclamation mark to close
under experimental training to see whether they w
the story of a memorable day.
capable of taking over from men. There were fifty-f
ANTWRCRAFT \VOl\lEN A.T.S., aged from 19 to 35, average age 24. The first th
weeks were spent in preparing for the relatively hard, 6
A highly successful experiment in our AA personnel has
air life on a searchlight site. There was much drill and P.
lately caught the public fancy more than most other de-
and five route marches; also instruction in map readi
velopments of AA organization. This is the introduction of
anti-gas drill and aircraft recognition. Then came a mon
women to form mixed batteries. The first German plane to
technical training, at the end of which everyone passed
be shot down by a mixed battery crashed in the Newcastle
tests: the standard reached was higher than that of
area on December 8, 1941. When hit it was a couple of
men operating searchlights.
miles away and going out to sea. It was the first proof of a
The Station was manned for the engagement of enel
remarkable experiment, the operational significance of
aircraft on eighteen nights. Enemy aircraft were onl)3
which has been obscured by its human interest as well as
gaged twice. There was no result on either night, beca
by a wide range of prejudice.
the first was early in their training and the second time
The first point to bear in mind about women on gun
ditions were not favorable. But the detachment was 011
stations is that they are not trained for fun, but because the
in action, and this calmness was again observed when ene~
enemy is at the gates. It is not a whimsical experiment, but
aircraft were observed machine-gunning a neighboring sil
a necessary operational plan. The AA Command, in com-
The AT.S. also went in for field engineering, filling~sr.
mon with other services, has a fixed figure which is their
laying sandbags, digging and revetting emplacements. Tb
man-power ceiling. There are not enough men to go round
renovated and reconstructed field works on a derelict sea
now, and as the AA defenses are almost continually increas-
light site which was soon to be reoccupied. The work i,
ing, the prolillem gets more and more difficult.
volved shifting several tons of earth, revetting and paw
The first battery started training in spring, 1940. The
making. By their tenacity of purpose they worked m~
A.T.S. members were picked from volunteers, and the men
faster than men and it was particularly observed that t~
were newly joined recruits, the point being that men who
felt no undue fatigue or ill-effects of any sort.
had known no other army life would not find the atmosphere
They did guard duty, at first working in pairs by ni
of a mixed battery so hysterically unorthodox. There was
but soon getting used to being alone. The tour of dutY
considerable anxiety as to how men and women would work
sentries was two hours. They were armed with a pick hrl
together, but there need not have been. They took each
and their main duties were to challenge visitors to the
other very much for granted; there was none of the musical-
to watch the sky for enemy aircraft and report them; to
comedy-chorus atmosphere which had been anticipated,
port friendly aircraft in distress, and any flares seen; to
partly, no doubt, because such men and women had been
all aircraft flying in the neighborhood. Spirits were I
working side by side in civilian life for years.
first when the results of their work were not very ob
In a mixed batterv. women drive and service the trucks,
and when it was Suggested that they could not stand
act as sentries and despatch riders. and, in fact, do every-
winter. Spirits were highest when it was realized that
thing except fire the guns.
scheme was a success.
In the first mixed battery, as in subsequent batteries.
there were more than 200 women and nearly 200 men. (Part IT will appear in the next issue of the JOUlU"'l
 gun crew's view of the F\\1190 zooming past at zero feet elevation and 300 m.p.h. Both pictures on this page were taken
from an A \\1 position under direct attack.

IP ~ND RUN R~IDS

. By Major M. R. Russell, Coast Artillery Corps
tudy of German air raids over the United Kingdom a highly efficient fighter with all the fighter characteristics
"ngthis war indicates that the intensity and seriousness of high speed and extreme maneuverability. The Hun uti-
be attacks has steadily declined since the peak periods lizes his Jabo (fighter-bomber), singly or in small groups
"ngthe Battle of Britain in 1940. This steady sliding off of about four, to attack small towns on the outskirts of
ale has been gratifying, to say the least, but does not Great Britain-mainly seacoast towns with no particular
n that the Hun is incapable of mounting another in- military value-and it is necessary for various reasons (mo-
offensive, though the amount of sustained effort is a rale of civilian population being one) that AAA be avail-
t point. However, in this article, it is proposed to point able to fight back. The problem then is an AM set-up ex-
that the German offensive sorties against Great Britain tensive enough to provide cover for the whole of Great
he present moment, although infrequent, have intro- Britain and especially the South, Southeast and East which,
d a serious problem, necessitating the maintenance of being close to air bases in German-occupied country, get the
iJant, efficient, AA defense. This problem has been majority of the bombs and machine guns because Jerry likes
by the fighter-bomber with his sneak raiding methods. to sneak in and away as quickly as possible.
e fighter-bomber is nothing more than a fast fighter The sneak raiders tend to come streaking in at extremely
e carrying one or two bombs slung externally under the low level, just skimming the wave tops so the AA defense
s. The great speed of this type plane allows the pilot to falls main I" on the AvV.
ach the target of the moment at low altitude, and to Conside~ then an A\V gun position somewhere on the
t a fleeting target to the AAA while dropping his South or Southeast coast of Great Britain. It is a part of the
• or bombs. The bombs dropped, the plane becomes Air Defense of Great Britain and is situated in the \'icinity

190 coming directly in at zero fee_toJ"his plane, carrying an externaIlv-slunv homh ;~ " h"nMtp pnp""" r~Mt. M:.:I~_
 A British Bofors gun crew in action in the desert. Similar guns and crews are causing plenty of grief for sneak raiders in d
United Kingdom.

of a small town or village of no immediate military import- "And then we let them have it. \Ve had time to get
ance. Though on the basis of purely military considerations, just four rounds-and then, damn it, thev went behin
no air attack would be expected, still from the knowledge of house. We simply whipped the gun r~und. Out t
recent German objectives, this particular village might well came on the other side of the house and we let off
be the next scene of sneak raiders, slipping in, dropping a more rounds. The first four were in front, and the
bomb each, circling inland, reappearing over the town to two smacked home. Bits of debris jumped off the leadi
machine-gun the streets or any other opportune target, and plane, black smoke poured out of its nose, and she \\ll
then continuing on their way over the Channel and home. in a long curve plump into the sea.
Such an action lasts only ten to twentv seconds, and it is "And that was the end of the two minutes. Very sal
apparent that the 1\\ V In'USt utilize ever)' possible second to factory!"
j
engage the raiders successfully.
It must be apparent that the problem of dealing with 1
This fleeting raid of twenty seconds at the most may be,
sneak raider is a difficult one but not insurmountab
and probably is, the only opportunity for an 1\\\1 gun to
British AA units are coping with the problem and the hil
fire at the enemy over a period of weeks or months. It must
percentage of losses inHicted upon the enemy in this t)'
be prepared at all times to engage instantly and effectively.
engagement shows how successfully this is being done.
The succinct testimonial of a British sJldier on a gun site
Note the following requisites in this problem, all
somewhere in Great Britain illustrates this picture:
which the British have well in hand:
''I've waited nineteen months for this-nineteen months
(I) Early vVarning system.
for two minutes' action. But it was worth it.
(2) Fire orders thoroughly understood by all per1
'The warning and the planes, twelve of them, ap-
nel.
peared at the same time. The planes were about a mile
(3) Firing units a perfectly drilled team capable
away. All we could see were black outlines against the
reacting instantly to the situation.
horizon, but we could identifv them as Focke-\\'ulfs.
That was the beginning of the ~wo minutes. The German thinks (or maybe "thought") that
"They were coming straight inshore, and I saw that sneak raider is useful in order to stretch the Air Defen
they'd strike it a bit over a mile away from us. The ques- the point where bombing and machine-gunning can be
tion was, would thev turn towards us, or away from us? ried out at will. It has not proved so and the graph of
That question was ~ettled in a matter of sec'onds; they man offensive sorties against the United Kingdom cont'
came towards us, not black any more, but grey now, and to go down. Like a cornered rat trying to break out
so clear that we could even see the crosses on the sides, trap, the Hun is trying desperately to devise a met
and not more than seven tv feet above the beach-a beau- attack that is effective and cheap. The sneak rai
- ". '1'" LL L f "~Ql~~ .
npit!'PL
 ombat on Guadalcanal*
strument Sergeant's Story weeks. we expended over 1.000 rounds in various mission~.
including counter-battery. interdiction fire. barrages in in-
By Sergeant Jacob I. T ellllellbml/ll fantry support and demolition fire. Our counter-battery
was so effective that. within a few days. we either destroyed
~uch has been written about the :\avy. the ;\ larines and or forced the enemy guns to retreat. Henderson airfield ~\as
Anny Infantry, fighting and winning on Guadalcanal, saved from shell-fire and planes began to operate on an all-
hardly anything was said about the artillery which, in day schedule. Our interdiction fire took place mostly at
opinion, made the conquest possible. I was a noncom- night, spaced at various time intervals and ranges so as to
ioned officer in a Coast Artillery batterv which was hinder any prediction. and was concentrated upon enem)
red up there when the going was'still tough and there- supply lines and bivouac areas. \\'e supported each major
gained the honor of being the first Coast Artillery out- advance of the infantry, from the first battle of the 1\ latani-
to engage the enemy in combat there. Before that, we kau river to the last p~sh which secured the enemy strong-
been part of the harbor defense on one of our close-by holds at Kokumbona and Tassoforanga and made the paci-
. \ Ve received onlv• a week's warnino 0 and a twelve- fication of the entire island possible. As far as our demolition
r march order. fire was concerned, we had a number of gun emplacements.
ejng Instrument Sergeant, I had to accompany our gas dumps, a motorpool and bridges to our credit.
fllin and reconnaissance officer on a plane which It goes without saying that we were subject to frequent
oht us to Guadalcanal on October 29th, 1942, four days bombing raids which, thanks to our perfect camouflage,
d of our batter\,. Our outfit was the first to arrive there we survived without damage or casualties. \Ve had an
major calibre' guns and the second army unit on the S.O.P. to cease firing whenever enemy planes were O\"er-
d and was, therefore, attached to a 1\ larine Defense head lest we give ourselves away.
lion. The commanding officer outlined the situation Only once did we ha\'e to make an exception. The enemy
our mission which, of course, was mainly counter-bat- used one of their raids to open up and silence one of our
fire, not coast defense. \Ve immediately started to re- frontline field guns for which the above mentioned S.O.P.
oitre our positions. did not hold. \ V c were called upon for counter-battery fire
might be interesting to know that, at the time of our which we executed in the most peculiar manner. The planes
I. the 105 howitzer was the largest gun employed on wcre circling overhead and, whenever they had flown past
ide while the enemy was in a position to shell I-Iender- we would toss a few rounds and then dive into our foxholes
airfield with guns estimated to be 6-inch riRes. This was as soon as they came back. \ Ve were lucky not to get bomhed
rmed later when the wrecked guns were found, after and got the credit for neutralizing the enemy gun.
ation of cnemy territory. All of our demolition fire was done bv means of aerial
e got a taste of these guns five minutes after our plane spotters and radio communication. \ Ve \\:ould be given an
d. This was our baptism of fire and it immediately approximate grid location and the plane observer would cor-
cd the peaceful picture of wonderful coconut planta- rect our initial firing until we were on the target.
into a grim realization of war and blood. Less accurate was an improvised base system which we
ith the boundless help of the 1\ larine officers and their used for counter-batten' fire. \Ve had two fonvard observers
we picked our positions, established a 4,000 yard with oriented azimuth instruments who would send us read-
ency base line for a possible coastal attack, and tied ings to enemy gun flashes and we would locatc that point on
in with the local 1\ larine Corps map, then the standard the map which, of course, was anything but adequate for
ntrol map. This map was a reproduction of an aerial that purpose. Nevertheless, we must have been \'ery effec-
graph which only covered the American held terri- tive since the cnemy never fired from that position again.
f about ten square miles, comprising the airport and Either we put them out of action or they wcre afraid we
'nity. Since our targets were outside this area, it was would get the range on them.
ary for me to draw an approximate extension from a One of the most successful missions took place on Aovem-
rge scale map and tie it in with the grid coordinates ber 15th, the day between the two major naval battles. The.
Marine map. This way, it was possible to obtain target night before, two Japanese cruisers shelled our positions,
rnents by coordinates and to determine approximate without success, as they were aiming at the airport and all
and azimuths. their shots went way over. Since they had to get out of our
battery arrived in the morning of ~O\'ember 1st and plane range before dawn, they did not have time to linger.
unload their entire equipment and the ship stores. As it was, our planes got them the next morning. \ \'e found
e of in terruptions by two air raids, we had the ship un- out later that their main purpose was to distract our attention
by 1600 and one gun emplaced and ready to fire. At from the fact that they had brought up five transports dur-
e threw the first thirty shells over to the enemv to ing the night. Our navy had them surrounded though, and
em a taste and a warni~g of things to come .. the only thing they could do was beach them. These ships
did not have long to wait. \Vithin the next t\\'o \\'ere detected early• in the mornino 0 and dive bombers went
OUr authors of these accounts are now OCS candidates at the into action, setting them aflame. The nearest one, just in
Ip,." 'rh,.., ......
1 I: ........ ).K ....__ ....
• 1 , 1 ,..
-
 20 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-

we opened up and got on after ten rounds of sensing fire. A.A. gun positions that were set up on the beach. The
\Nith the eleventh round, we set her on fire and got about of the task force was scattered bv our navy and effecti
eighteen to twenty hits on her from then on. Two days bombed bv our airforce (who ~ccounted" for seven 0
later, she sank. It was the only one of the five ships that transports ~nd auxiliary vessels). During this time we
went to the bottom; the others just burnt out. under enemy artillery fire which was ineffective but a
On December 7th. as a "Remember Pearl Harbor" day. nerve wracking. \ Ve 'were more worried by the enem) '5 .
all of our artillery had a field day and we alone fired abo~t accuracv than accuracv. Continuous aerial observati
500 rounds.' , were ex"tremely helpful: and their reports were effective'
After the conquest of the Jap stronghold at Kokumbona, keeping the efficiency of the gun crew at a peak. Thoug
our troops advanced so fast that we could not reach the the temperature was easily above 100° F. the good ne
main objectives any longer, and we, therefore, moved two cheered the men to work on. tirelessly e\'en though they
of our guns forward. \\'e had no opportunity to fire at the no breakfast that morning. \ Ve may have had empty sto
enemy from there, though, as the Jap defenses collapsed a achs but we sure dished out a bellyful to the Japs.
few days afterwards. Our last action took place on January
25th, 1943, and on February 9th, the fight was over.
vVe then established regular seacoast positions with two The Mess Sergeant's
platoons whose fields of fire were fanned out with a 20°
overlap, allowing us an actual field of fire of 100 degrees. Experiences
Two months later, we were ordered up north to put our
By Staff Sergemlt M llrray M. Gross
guns on Panama l\lounts.
I left the island before this mission was completed, but \Ve dropped anchor off Guadalcanal early morning 0
my comrades are, as far as I know, still down there, doing a November 2nd, 1942. Everything having been previou
swell job, as always. I hope that the day when they, too, arranged, the barges went overside first and then cre
return, is not too far off. assigned to the different holds started filling the cargo ne
Half the men aboard went ashore to unload there. 0
orders were to have one gun emplaced and ready to fire
A Gun Commander Writes soon as possible. The work of the morning was interrupt
By Sergeant Michael J. Hack, Jr. twice by air alerts, but our planes went out to engage tI
Japs off-shore and they were unable to come in close enou
\Ve arrived at Guadalcanal on the morning of November to bomb us. Each time Jap planes attacked, the ship wo
2nd, 1942, disembarking with our four 155mm G.P.Fs pull anchor and steam for open water; this delayed us c
and unloading personnel, supplies and ammunition without siderably. At 1700 that afternoon, the ship was unload
casualties. By 1600 our first gun was emplaced and ready for This included fifty days rations for all soldiers on boar
action. Immediately we opened counter-battery fire against three thousand rounds of 155mm ammunition, plus alar
enemy artillery that had been shelling Henderson Field. quantity of .30 and .50 calibre cartridges.
By nightfall the enemy artillery was silenced. \Vithin the Meanwhile our captain, executive officer, and instrum
next seven days and nights our battery fired over 1,000 sergeant, who had arrived by plane two days earlier, h
rounds of H.E. ammunition, neutralizing enemy artillery, established a base line, picked gun positions, organized t
troop concentrations, bridges, gas dumps, and other strong communication setup, and established headquarters-
points. with the help of the marines to whom we were attached. I
On the night of November 13th, 1942, our area and the 1600 o'clock, November 2nd, one gun was reported ready
airfield was subjected to a severe naval bombardment by deliver fire, immediately opening on land targets. By mor
two enemy heavy cruisers that sailed into the Sealark ing of November 3rd, the four guns were emplaced, a
Channel. At dawn after they withdrew with our air force set up, and field kitchen operating. Since we were not pr
in chase, we crept out of our foxholes and placed two of our pared with local cover, we were fortunate in not being su
guns, No.2 and No.4 in position to command the Sealark jected to air attack that night. However, that was the
area, in event of the cruisers' return. That left No. 1 and night for some weeks afterwards that we were not bom
No.3 guns to command the Kokumbona land area and the \Ve did not know what we were stepping into, but
Point Cruz water area. had heard some tall stories of snipers, infiltrations,
At dawn of November 15th, a large enemy task force ings and such, and though we were positioned only a
attempted to land on the beach between Point Cruz and and one half from the front lines, the men behaved as 1f
Point Esperance (this territory was still in enemy hands). were just another maneuver problem. I'm sure though,
Both No. 1 and No. 3 guns opened fire upon the nearest were all no less apprehensive than I was. Food supplies
enemy transports that were just within range. Reports came at first \'ery meagre and we drew hardly enough to feed
in that the enemy transport was hit six times and was burn- battery-mostly staples, such as meat and vegetable
ing fiercely. Then fire was shifted to another transport canned corn, canned milk, and coffee. The work a
which was also hit. The approximate ranges of these ships plished was tremendous-everyone pitched in. In ad
were over 19,000 yards. A total of ninety four rounds of am- to firing almost every day and night, alternate seac
munition (H.E.) were fired that morning from No. 1 gun sitions had to be established nearby and ammunition s
accounting for the burning and sinking of one transport, at the emplacements. Two guns were shuttled bac
--) •• 1 Jo _1 1. __ t...--<:>.
........ ........ ~rl. ~or ..Y"f"'\'L;nn .., ...,......pnpT1'1'U
forth hetween these oositions whene\'er necessary.
 COMBAT ON GUADALCANAL 21
her guns had to be camouflaged; protective parapets terials were not alwavs available. A bulldozer attachment
around them, fox holes dug at guns and at camp area, for the ~ 11 artillery t:actor would be a great help in build-
and Post and plotting room dug in, battery head- ing gun positions and roads to positions, and clearing ground
s, supply and kitchen set up, ammunition hauled in for camp areas. Screening wire would be a good item to in-
uouslv, water hauled in, food and water delivered to clude in organizational supplies as it is not always available
'fferen~ sections of the battery, and organizational prop- and is extremely necessary for kitchen and latrine and
bauled in from the beachhead. Things were further should be set up as soon as possible.
licated by insects and continuous rains. The mud \Ve found that a water pump and well head are very
the roads almost impassable in places where traffic was necessary pieces of equipment in the Pacific, Hauling
iest, nor was it unusual to have two or three of our drinking and cooking water is a constant problem and
s mired on the roads at the same time. The mud around there is never sufficient washing water. 1\ fairly stationar)
ttery area was knee-deep in places and the water in outfit, as coast artillery, can install showers in a short
temporary camp area, at one time, was cot high. length of time. This washing and bathing source was the
uring this time we delivered harassing fire almost greatest morale builder we had.
dy, neutralizing enemy six-inch and antiaircraft bat-
, driving the enemy guns back out of range of the air-
destroying one enemy transport and damaging another. As Seen by the Instrument
rds the end of November, one gun was moved up to
ront lines near the l\latanikau River to cover a reported Corporal
m Jap gun being emplaced near Kokumbona, Our
however, was never used, as the threat failed to ma- By Corporal Phillip Kcrllfman
lize. In January, all guns were moved up to this forward On October '26, 194'2 the battery to which I was assigned
'on as the front lines were advanced so far that the left for Guadalcanal. A weck prior to our departure we had
position was out of range. After this, we did not do any- received orders to stand by to leave for a combat zone.
artillery firing. Bombings werc frequent and in De- Everything but the necessary equipment for the tactical
r and January there were still threats of infiltrations, functioning of the battery was crated and marked. \ \' e had
fore we instigated local security measurcs, consisting learned that it is better to have \\'cll-made and tight-fitting
double apron barbed wire fence about our entire area, crates due to the fact that upon our arrival overseas we
posted guards at advantageous fence positions. found that the crates that we had made in the States had
dditional equipment and replacements were requi- not wholly survived the rough handling that they had
oed in the usual manner and signed for, but spot in- received. These crates were made upon arrival at our over-
ries were taken from time to time, to prevent unneces- seas station and were kept in good condition continuously_
disposal of equipment and wastage of supplies. Morn- Upon receiving orders to move the guns, Range Sectiofl'
Reports, Strength Reports, Ammunition and Casualty equipment and mess equipment were crated and trans-
rts, Duty Roster and Sick Book Reports, were all part ferred to the ship via I-liggins boats. The personnel were
e paper work involved. Insurance and allotment corre- also transferred in this manner. The B.c. and Instrument
dence were initiated by us and sent to our Battalion Sergeant formed the advance party, and left soon after us
nnel Office at APO ... , as were payrolls. vVe were by plane to select positions and learn our tactical mission,
very irregularly, the first time being February 1st, after leaving the Executive Officer in command of the Battery
were on the island four months, the next, March 1st, during our trip.
when I left the island at the end of April, we had not \iVe had been overseas for a long period of time and we
en paid again. However, money was not a necessary had had our fill of boredom. Despite the fact that we were
r as there was nothing to spend it on. going into action with the possibility that some of us might
ail as a morale builder cannot be over-rated. l\lail days not come back, our morale was excellent. The food on board
our important holidays at first, as they came all too ship also tended to increase our morale. It was the best food
and far between, but as the airfield became safer, there that we had had during our stay overseas. \Ve had Sing Fests
mail deliveries about every day, or every other day, and games during our trip to occupy our minds and we also
field days when transports arrived. had details to occupy our muscles. During our trip we
ken pits were found by us to be impractical for storage stopped at an island and learned that the Captain and In-
wder, as rains and ground seepage filled them with strument Sergeant had not been heard from. The Executive
, 1\ coconut log enclosure roofed as well as possible, Officer, fearing that they might be lost, placed the assistant
r best bet. Two hundred rounds of ammunition were Executive Officer in command and went the rest of the trip
on racks within the parapets at each gun. Reserve by plane to attend to the duties of the B.G in the e\'ent that
'es were kept some distance away. There was a constant he was lost. The remainder of the trip was uneventful out-
ge of sand bags, therefore empty 55-gallon oil and side of the fact that the ship's radio picked up the news that
ms were used by being cut open at one end and filled the Japs had advanced to the southern edge of Henderson
nd. This served our purpose well, since the sand bags Airfield. This news was disheartening, but rather than lose
not much good as they would deteriorate in a very our morale, we made jokes about our very precarious po-
'me in the heavy rains and dampness. At least one sition.
section observation hlwer should be included. \A/e On November 2, 1942, the personnel were awakened and
that it was alwavs necessarv to hllilrl onp <lnrl tn<l. T'\l"'PT"'''''\1'"'I''\''~AT''\€" £l.,.......n....J. ....... '"~
'1'PO .... 1_] ~1 1 ,,-1
22 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-U
tions consisted of making the equipment \\'hich \\ as to be suits made us the victor. At 0600 aerial observntion 5.:1\
unloaded acces~ible. The Higgins boats had been gi\-en benched Jap transports stretched between Cape Espe
a dry run the day before and they were in excellent working and Kokumbona unloading troops and eguipment. The
condition. \\' e were split into t\\.o uneven oroups. the laroer
;:> ;:, inch na\'al guns manned by marines were ordered to ~
group which \\ as to go ashore and unload the Higgins boats upon the closest ship but could not accomplish this miss'
and the smaller group which was to unload the ship itself. due to the range. \ Ve were then ordered to fire upon t
r\t approximately 0500 we caught our first glimpse of target nnd did so using nn observ<ltion station which

'
Guadalcanal-a huge black bulk bulging out of the water. fairly close to the gun-target line to correct our shots. WI
At 0530 we stopped and the personnel started to unload scored several hits and set the ship nfire. \ \' e continued t~
via cargo nets into I-liggins boats and then to the shore. As fire until ]200. Due to the thick black smoke surround
we approached the Island we could see coconut trees the tnrget we were unable to ascertain the final dispositi
stretched along the beach. \Ve had heard stories about .lap
snipers and therefore didn't like the idea of walking into
an area surrounded by coconut trees. At 0600 the supplies
started coming ashore-all the eguipment necessary for the
of the target.
The next day personnel were noticed on board a ship u
loading eguipment. \ Ve were ordered to deliver fire on thj
target. Our nssumption was that this was the same tarO(
J
o
proper Functioning of troops in a combat zone. The guns that we hnd fired on previously, the azimuth had chan~
and tractors were unloaded From the ship by cranes and but we assumed thnt the target had drifted. \Ve opened fi
hoisted over the side into Higgins boats which brought on this target with a maximum elevation and due to the la
them ashore. The ship was unloaded at ]700 and left im- probable error, were forced to fire guite a few rounds hefor
mediately. \Ve had brought our own ammunition due to the target was disabled. Some of our shells landed on tI~
the fact that there was no ammunition of our caliber on the beach and we learned that we had destroyed two Jnp N
Island. Approximately 3,000 rounds were unlonded-nnel gun positions. \Ve nlso lenrned that our first t<lrget la
that is a man-size job. \Ve were interrupted three times been sunk due to our fire. The other two transports h
during the day by false air-raids. No one had to tell us been dnmaged by our nirplnnes. Shortly after this we \\"
twice to hend Forn foxhole of which there were guite :1 few ordered to emplace one of our guns near the front to off
in the immedi;1te vicini tv. resistance to an enemy 240mm Howitzer reported beinJ
lIpon Inndin~ we len~ned thnt the B.G and Instrument put into position to harass our installations. The positi
Seroeant hnd teen delayed but hnd nrrived snfelv the day
C' • "
selected for our ooun was approximatel",. ],000 vnrds fro
before. Positions hnd been selected for bnd firing nnd ori- the front and we suffered mortnr fire for n few days un
ented. \ Ve were ordered to empbce our guns and deliver the enemy retreated out of our range. The enemy gu'n ne\
counter-bnttery fire against an enemy piece which had been l11aterinlized and eventunllv•. the entire batten' was brouo0
shelling the airport. The first gun was empbced and fired at up to this position nnd used ns seacoast nrtillery with t
] 500. The other guns of the Bnttery were in firing position usual sencoast methods. A base line was oriented nnd ba
by 2100 nnd also delivered fire against the same target. This end st<ltions selected. After moving up to this position \
was the first time thnt the .laps hnd been subjected to fire did not deliver fire any more due to the fact that the Cnel1l
from a major caliber field piece and apparently they didn't retreated too fast. ' ~
like it, for very shortly nfter we opened fire the enemy During the time of action on the Island we sunk a
ceased to shell the airport. enemy transport and damnged nnother, destroyed cncm
On 1'\ovember 13th at 0200 we were shelled bv two field pieces which were found to be of 6-inch caliber. d~
heavy cruisers, attempting to weaken our defenses in' prep- stroyed severnl A1\ positions, destroyed a motor park an~
aration for a task force reported heading our way. These bivouac area which was occupied by the enemy and lail
cruisers hung around too long, for the next day we heard down barrages for the Infantry. This battery was cited ~
that our planes had gone up in the morning in search of Lieutennnt General Vandegrift, USi\IC, and the Secreta
them. The planes found them and sunk one cruiser and of the Nnvv, for the pnrt which it took in the action 0 I
damaged the other. November 15th we were ordered to take Guadnlcanal. ..
up seacoast positions and be prepared to deliver fire against The food wns Field Ration B with verv little fresh mea
this naval task force which was heading our wny. Two guns It is a very monotonous diet even though supplemented
were empbced fncing the sea and base end stntions occupied. pie occasionally. However the food was good and th
I was nssigned to one of these bnse end stations Inte in the usunlly was plenty of it.
evening and finally got the station oriented as night fell. At \Ve were verv fortunate in that we had no serious casu
approximately 0030 Hashes could be seen between Cape ties. \Ve did ha've one man who received the Purple Hea
Esperance and Savo Island nnd we knew that a sea battle for being wounded in the right buttock by a fragment f
was going on. The action lasted all night and the final re- a bomb.
 ntiaircraft Artillery with the
Infantry Division
Lieutenant Colonel Roger W. Moore, Coast Artillery Corps
I' a long time we have been making very comprehensive quate defense for all likely targets. It is better therefore to
'cs concernino o the tactical use of antiaircrah artillery.
J
defend a few points properly than to spread one's resources
ese studies particular attention has been given to rear thinlv over manv.
defense and airdrome defense. Granted the tactics and The force cOl~mander should set up priorities for antiair-
nique of such defenses are more involved due to the craft defense. I-Ie should list all points which are vital to his
rer number of weapons and the variety of weapons mission and then arrange this list in the order of importance.
loyed, still the application of tactical and technical prin- This is a command responsibility but the antiaircraft battal-
in the rear area and at airdromes is simple in com- ion commander can inHuence the division commander in his
an to the application of similar and additional prin- capacity as advisor. To do this the antiaircraft battalion
es in the forward part of the combat zone. €ommander must be thoroughly familiar with the plan of
tIT resources or militarv tools must ahvavs be a primc operations of the division. In thc event that guns as well
ieleration in the approa~h to a solution of ~ tactical prob- as automatic weapons are e~p]oyed with the division a
. In this discussion we will confine ourselves to the separate list of priorities must be prepared for each,
my division. The normal attachment to an infantry The antiaircraft defense, both passive and active, must be
ion is one automatic weapons battalion, mobile. \ Vhile coordinated and the antiaircraft battalion commander is the
type of equipment has certain inherent weaknesses in a logical coordinator. In order properly to prepare an effective
of movement it is the best which has been produced to antiaircraft defense plan the 1\1\ battalion commander must
. Some authorities believe the self-propelled battalion be familiar with the division plans, both tactical and ad-
]eI be superior. In many respects this is true and it ministrative.
nite]y is the proper attachment to an infantry division Ground units should provide their own defense against
ich has been motorized. low-flying combat aviation by passive means and the em-
he attachment of one automatic weapons battalion pro- ployment of their own organic weapons.
es the division commander with thirtv-two AA fire units Antiaircraft artillery must protect critical points on the
th which to protect his division by a~lgmentation of ur- line of march and in order to accomplish this antiaircraft
ic fires or otherwise. He also has-the advice and council units require priority on roads.
n A1\ specialist, the battalion commander, who serves as Antiaircraft artillerv fire or cessation of fire must not dis-
pecial Staff Officer. close our disposition dr plan of maneuver.
he normal mission for antiaircraft artillery is the protec- Centralized control is used whenever possible.
of ground units and ground installations against air Antiaircraft artillery fire units must be in place and ready
cks. The secondarv mission is antimechanized or anti- to fire prior to the time of the expected attack.
al defense. A forc~ commander should use his antiair-
ft artillery on the job for which it was trained and ArrACK

'pped. Only after very careful consideration should he During the preparation for and conduct of an attack.
Ign the secondary mission. Normally, antiaircraft weap- combat troops are particularly vulnerable to air attack and
engage ground targets only when the position itself is observation, not only due to their density of concentration
tened. but also because the enemy will use every effort to break up
any gre~t menace to his security. Therefore antiaircraft
TACTICAL El\IPLOYl\lENT
artillery is disposed to provide maximum protection to those
ighter aircraft constitutes the primary defense of the elements whose destruction or disorganization would jeopar-
Hank, and the first role of antiaircraft should therefore dize the success of our mission.
to protect fighter airdromes. Since, however, the mastery In general, the Corps antiaircraft artillery guns protect
the air can never be complete, some antiaircraft artillery from enemy observation those forces making the main ef-
I always be required for the defense of defiles, troop fort, the reserves, and the artillery which follows in close
entrations, etc., against attacks by enemy aircraft that support. The defense is coordinated as much as possible.
e penetrated our fighter screen. This is the task of the In the attack, combat elements are well forward, thus per-
hed automatic weapons battalion with the infantry di- mitting AA guns to be pushed well up near the advanced
n. Airdromes will normally be defended by Corps and batteries of divisional artillery. This provides better protec-
y antiaircraft units. tion for the combat elements and also avoids early displace-
ntiaircraft artillery should provide a reasonable defense ment forward. Normally, these forward artillery batteries
vital elements. It can be taken as an axiom that there are not closer than 1000 yards in rear of the line of depar-
never be enough antiaircraft artillery to provide ade- ture, depending on disposition of the ground forces and the
 24 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURi'lAL September
rerrain features (when within light artillerv, ranoe
0
AM target should be at least 400 yards mean diameter.
units must be defiladed). Depending on available AM the vision element or installation should e,'er be concelli
following may be included in the AAA defense: in that area.
(1) Assault units. especially those making the main ef- Security from air obser\'3tion is one of the priman
fort. requirem~nts. To do this properly we must keep ho'stile
(2) Reserves, including their routes forward, craft so high or so far an'ay that they cannot observe
(3) Artillery areas, fectively. For daylight moves Corps should provide
( 4) Command posts. battery coverage to deny this obsen'ation. In the ahsen
(5) Supply establishments and train bivouacs. of this gun cQ\'erage. dispersal is the only answer to dav).g
(6) Critical points on the line of communications. moves. For night moves the automatic weapons batta
of the division will deny observation if proper road cI
These are not arranged in the order of priority. Remem- pline is maintained. Passive measures are utilized to
ber the situation will dictate the priority. And also remem- maximum for protection from high altitude obselV8'
ber, we arrange our areas or establishments according to both day and night.
priority and start by giving an adequate defense to these AA gun batteries under Corps or Army control prow
priorities in order until our AAA means are exhausted. critical localities along the route of march, such as R
AA1\ automatic weapons are disposed to protect those crossings and mountain passes. They generally march w'
elements vulnerable to low-level or dive bambino,o and the advance guard and are dropped off en route at pointS
strafing attacks. be defended. In keeping with the tactical principle t
These elements are: must be in position and ready to fire prior to the time of t
(1) Forces engaged in the main effort. expected attack.
(2) Reserves. Marching troops are vulnerable to attack from low-Syi
(3) Artillery areas. bombardment and strafing attacks particularly at criti
( 4)Command posts. points along the route, such as bridges, embankments,
(5) Dumps, trains, and supply establishments. lages with narrow streets, passes through hills, or any
(6) Other elements in rear of the combat troops in posi- rangement where effective enemy attack may hinder
tion. fonvard movement. Automatic weapons fire units will
(?) Critical points on the line of communications. sited at these critical points before the marching troops ani
and will remain there until the column has cleared
Forward AM automatic weapons fire units are displaced critical point.
as far forward as the situation will permit, but seldom, if Entrucking and detrucking points are considered as cr
ever, closer than 800 yards. These units should be defiladed cal points. Movement by bounds may be made by
and concealed from ground and air observation. Combat fire units protecting foot troops if a suitable road net exi
troops are largely responsible for their own protection but but is not practical for protection of motorized columns.
when in actual combat they will need additional automatic fire units employed at c'ritical points march with the advan
weapons protection. guard and drop out at points selected to be defended.
Searchlights normally will be employed only in the rear Every man in the column using every available weapon
part of the combat zone. Their mission is to illuminate tar- a potential defender. Every riRe, automatic riRe, or machi
gets for AM guns and fighter aviation. Guns will seldom gun with an AA mount must be used to engage the 10\
be employed in the forward part of the combat zone on Rying attacker. In addition each fourth truck of 2~ tl:
missions other than to deny observation. High flying obser- capacity or larger has mounted on the top of its cab a .50 c~
vation is extremely limited even on clear full-moon nights. machine gun. ~
So we might say that a searchlight will be a virtual stranger In deciding on critical points to be defended during
to the infantrv division. advance through enemy territory, oblique aerial ph
graphs will be of great value. Once the plan has been mad
!\'IARCHES
it will have to be rigidly adhered to. If, however, on arri
In the advance of large forces it may be necessary to de- at his allotted critical point the battery or platoon
centralize control of the AM defense to column command- mander considers it to be undeserving of special AA ~
ers. This may seem to violate the principle of centralized tection, he should at once report the fact to his batta'
control, however certain situations may dictate this viola- commander.
tion. \Vhen the advance is begun, both tactical and admin- In the advance, it may be advisable to keep some au
istrative plans of the force must be known in detail before matic weapons fire units available at or near the head of
the MA defense plan can be prepared. Army will usually column, to deal with the unexpected. Much will de
prescribe the rear limit of the area which Corps AAA will on the amount of ground or air opposition to be expec
protect. Army should protect elements in rear of this area The greater the air threat, and the less the ground thr
and should be disposed to take over later the AM defense the greater should be the amount of AAA kept fonvard
of the Corps rear area. The Corps does likewise for its
SURPRISE
divisions.
Division installations are not normal or profitable targets Surprise is as important a factor in AA defense as in
for heavy or medium bombardment. To be a profitable other form of warfare. \iVe must both avoid being surp
~-
target for medium or heavy high level bombardment the and also strive to surprise the attacker.
 ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY \~ITH THE INFANTRY DIVISION
ly \\ arning is essential for AM, both to avoid exces- During the defense the enemy will endeavor to knock
srrain on personnel and to ensure an early pick-up of out our artillery. Ex-perience has taught that on the defense
tHget. AA gunfire units are equipped with warning artillery plays a major role in breaking up enemy attacks.
s which almost eliminate the possibility of an attacker Therefore, artillery in position will be a prime target for
iog an approach undetected. hostile aviation, and consequently must be gi\'en AAA pro-
utomatic weapons fire units without such equipment tection.
depend on visual or audible pick-up of the target. Ex- An acti\'e defense calls for counterattacks. To accomplish
e warning systems are impractical for fast moving a successful counterattack, reserves must move to position
atic weapons elements with the infantry division. Just for attack unobserved and unmolested. Consequently, re-
e defense lay-out will be influenced by the type of sen'es and their routes of approach must be covered by both
k expected, so wiII the warning system be influenced. an AA gun and automatic weapons defense. If a gun de-
!v\ unit in the Tunisian campaign used an impro- fense is lacking. movement is restricted to the hours of
v. arning system along the logical avenues of approach. darkness,
Ie experience had taught them that attacks would come BIVOUACS AND ASSEMBL y AREAS
o these avenues. This unit practicallv. eliminated sur-
o The infantry division in bivouac wiII depend to a large
an effort to surprise the attacker we must employ sub- extent on dispersal and concealment for defense against
uge to its maximum. It wiII usually be obtained by good hostile air observation and air attack. \Ve mioht v
think it
e.alment, periodical changes of gun positions, and the difficult to hide from 10,000 to 15,000 troops and from
holding of fire tiII the last possible moment. 1200 to 1800 vehicles. But it is not as difficult as it might
seem.
DEFENSE In late maneuvers, during one phase, an AmlOred Di-
vision remained in concealed bivouac for three days un-
uring the defense there is not the concentration of com-
located by the opposing force. The opposing force knew
troops that occurs during the preparation for and con-
the general location of this bivouac but continued air recon-
t of the attack. Troops in the fonvard localities of the
naissance failed to locate the bivouac area exactlv. This
n battle position wiII be more thinly dispersed. The
annored division contained more personnel than the infan-
sitions wiII be extended in much greater depth and
try division and over twice as many vehicles.
lery wiII be further from the line of contact.
Automatic weapons fire units will be used to augment
ements requiring protection are:
the fires and extend the defense provided by the organic
I) Troops in forward localities of the main battle posi- weapons of the assembling troops in order to provide an
tion. "area defense" where possible.
2) Supporting artillery. \\There the size of the area involved or lack of weapons in
) Reserves and their routes forward. the hands of the troops requires it, priorities wiII be estab.
4) Command posts. lished among the various elements in the area and automatic
5) Supply establishments. weapons fire units will be disposed in protection of indi-
vidual high priority objectives,
uain these are not arranged in order of importance. The
ation will dictate this order. However, supporting artil- CONCLUSION
and reserves will always be high on the list. In conclusion, a few words of advice to the battalion com-
n a war of movement, the defense is in most cases, only mander who hnds his battalion attached to an infantry di-
porary interlude prior to the resumption of the attack vision. You have a dual function. You command a battal-
he beginning of the withdrawal. Seldom will the opera- ion of highly trained specialists-a vital cog in the war
become static for long. Therefore, during this period machine-and as such you are a commander responsible for
AA battalion commander is doubly busy conducting the proper tactical, technical, and administrative handling
present defense and also planning the AA defense to of your command. Your other function is that of a special
rt the impending operation. staff officer. You are the adviser to the division commander
uring the defense phase it is imperative that Corps pro- and his expert on AA matters. You have been especially
guns to deny observation. The success of the impend- trained and are responsible that by your advice you guaran-
operation, whether it be an attack or withdrawal de- tee your battalion is employed properly and to the best ad-
s to a large extent on denying the enemy information vantage. To do this you must be constantly abreast of the
e plan. Aerial reconnaissance can be expected on a situation and be thoroughly familiar with the division plan
scale when any change in operations is probable. of operations, both tactical and administrational.

Have We Your Latest Address?

 INVASIO
In late 1940 and in 1941, the shore
Europe nearest England was call
"The Invasion Coast." Once again t
Invasion Coast is in the news, hut tI
direction of invasion has reverse

The source of this picture

is not known, but it put-
ports to repre~ent a con-
crete and steel fort the
Germans have built on
the French coast of the
Channel.

Intt>rnafioual ,,\"1'11'11 Photu

t These two pictures, from an Axis maga-

zine, are said (0 be of preparations along the
northern Mediterranean coast.
 COAST
The "neutral source" which provided this pic-
ture calls it "One of the giant anti-invasion
guns on the Atlantic coast of German occupied
Europe." The piece is believed to be a 690mm
howitzer of relatively short range, since the light
construction of the barrel would seem to pre-
clude high powder pressures.
Pre., A'8oeiation Photo

this one is very much inland-a unit in

the west wall of Germany.
New. of the Day New8Te,Z, from Internutiullal
~

xis magazine describes this as a fortifi-

on the French coast, used as an obser-
post and machine gun emplacement.
the thickness of the overhead cover.
International New. Photo
Controlled Spottin
The Frazer Trainer
By Captain Harlan W. Wandersee and lieutenant Richard F. Woo
Coast Artillery Corps
In the training of personnel for the various sections of an tegic materials" snag. You construct with what you've
~mtiaircraft battery, it has always been possible for an you improvise and convert, and after some hours of sa
enterprising e.O. to bring every man, by advance training, crimping. and soldering, you've turned nails, copper
to a high level of proved proficiency-every man save those line, blasting wire, and whatnot into a precision devi
~ll-important cogs at the 01 and O2 stations, the "spotters." which a "basic" can be turned into a "spotter" in a si
Upon the accuracy and speed of these observers depend afternoon.
the corrections which can convert misses into hits. Some If this sounds over-optimistic, add up the actual num
rate spotters second only to the stereoscopic height finder of bursts which your best observer has had the opportum
observer in importance. Yet their training has been de- to view through the B.C. scope or 1\ 11 spotting scope si
pendent for the most part upon brief moments of observa- he joined your record section; then suppose that you
tion during infrequent service practices. A lot of high- Rash a series of bursts on a moving board in any pat
priced ammunition has had to be shot into the sky for their you choose as fast and as long as your spotter will calI th
expensive educations. And even then, it has been impos- back to you, and you will see how the sporadic training
sible to test the accuracy of a particular spotter, in the sense previous months can be compressed into a few hours.
that stereoscopic readers can be tested against known As a matter of record, we took a private who had n
datum points, and other members of the antiaircraft team read deviations before, and let him read one aFtem
perfected in frequent dummy drill and tracking missions. overs and shorts on our spotting board. Next day we t
The above dilemma bothered our Regimental Com- him out on actual calibration fire, put him on the O2 stati
mander so much that when we came to him with tentative and his readings were identical to those of a two-year read
designs for a spotting trainer that would really simulate The board trains in both ,'ertical and lateral deviations,
bursts around a plane in Right, to scale as to speed of target course.
and angle of deviation, he ordered, "Fly to Shangri-la for Here is how it works:
parts if you have to, but get that spotting trainer build" A board eight feet long and four feet wide (the dim
The Colonel's command was a figure of speech, of sions can be of your own choosing to fit your material) h
course, because when ybu're on overseas duty you don't sixty Rashlight bulbs installed in holes bored in its faet
whistle back to the States every time you run into a "stra- These bulbs are spaced at intervals of three inches or mu

The complete setup for training a spotting crew. Azimuth and elevation readers and recorders are not present at this outd
rill, as they can practice separately on their instruments without "bursts." Several other scopes are training on the spot'
board simultaneousl}' with the B.c. scope shown here.
 CONl ROLLED SPOTTING: THE FRAZER TRAINER 29

one foot on the spottin(1 o board would subtend an anoular

0
deviation of one mil at 1000 feet. For convenience this
scale is reduced to one-fourth; thus three inches o~ the
board. viewed from 250 feet, reads a deviation of exactly
one mil. By moving the spotters back to 500 feet from the
board. half-mil deviations are seen, and by staggering the
distance on each side of an even multiple of 250 feet, ob-
servers can be trained to read fractions of mils to the closest
mil without hesitation.
The difficulty of picking up the tiny Rashlight-bulb
"bursts" is, of course, also adjustable by varying the dis-
tance of the observer from the spotting board. One ad-
vantage of the electric-light bursts, by the way, is that they
The face of the spotting board. train the spotter to read a Rash, and not a puff of smoke.
The increase of realism over the clumsy old "cotton ball on
les of three inches. laterallv and verticall" from the
a stick" method is readily apparent. .
hted "airplane" slot in the ~enter. With t1;e sixty dif-
ent points of burst. all at scaled distances from the air- To move plane and bursts along through the field of
e, a virtually infinite number of combination patterns observation together, the entire eight-foot board is hung on
o be Rashed. two pulley wheels from a steel cable 100 feet long. The
The spotting board is connected by a sixty-lead cable to a cable is stretched taut, so that movement of the plane
all keyboard, on which the ins~ructor can punch out any simulates level Right. Any desired speed of plane, to scale
esired burst or pattern of bursts. The numbered buttons for any chosen range, can be simulated by scooting the
~ presses are recorded on a pad, for comparison with the board along the steel cable fast or slow. The sixty-lead
arded readings called off by the observer to the rear. electric cable to the bulb connections on the back of the
Exactly 250 feet away from the spotting board, the board must, of course, be long enough to allow movement of
tters are stationed with their scope. By the mil rule, the board. \Ve used common blasting wire for this cable. Be-

THE FRAZER TRAINER

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 30 THE COAST ARTILLER'r JOURNAL
cause we couldn't get enough for an electric cable seventy
feet long. and to reduce line-drop from our t\\O dry cells.
we limited the electric cable to twentv-t\\"O feet: thus the
keyboard-puncher must walk along dose to the spotting
board as it moves across the field,
The obseryer tra\'erses through 400 mils in azimuth to
follow the airplane and the bursts as the spotting board is
drawn along the entire 100 feet of the field, He is. in fact,
trained in all the manipulations of his instrument which he
will be required to perform in spotting of actual gun fire,
\~ith the single exception of variable epsilon settings, This
discrepancy could be partially compensated for by running
the spotting board along steel cables of several varying
heights off the ground. (A diving course could be created
by letting the board slide down along a slanting cable.)
\i\1e have not found it worthwhile to string more than the
one level-course cable, however. as the spotter quickly ap-
plies his skill to a new angular height when that element is
introduced in actual fire,

The control keyboard is a reduced replica of the arrangemeo

of bursts on the spotting board, so that the operator can p.r
duce bursts as fast and as widely dispersed as they would 11
pear in the sky. A chart in the cover lists the correct deviatio
to be read when each button is depressed.

The board we built accommodates lateral deviations Q

sixteen mils right or left, and eight mils above or belo
This fails to train observers to spot, in their scopes, th
very wide deviations often encountered from O2, By th
very fault, however, the limited width of the board for
the observing crew to realize that wide bursts must
"sensed" and some report more helpful than "out of scope
transmitted to the battery.
\ Vith the naked-eye spotting developed from combat
experience for greater speed of fire adjustment, there are nOI
out-of-scope bursts, and the observer needs training, rather,
in quick and reasonably accurate estimation. The Frazer
Trainer can be of some value in developing skill at calling
the rough-and-ready "fork" type of deviations, at least in~
the initial stages where an angular-deviation grill is em J
played. For estimating yardages in the sky, though, there I
is probably no training comparable to looking up into the
sky itself. I
Some of the improvisations to which we resorted to con-
struct our spotting board out of materials at hand are illus ~
trated in the photographs and scale drawings which accom
pany this article. Typical examples: we stripped the three
steel strands out of the center of field telephone wire, and
wound this steel into tiny coil springs to go under the
buttons on the burst-keyboard. Copper tubing from the
oil line of a caterpillar tractor made admirable conductor- ..
cappings, and shim steel from truck bearings worked for
contact springs.
The spotting board itself we painted Rat-finish grey. In
some climates, blue might be a closer imitation of pre
dictable sky conditions.
Two enlisted men did the wiring, a painstaking job. The
Inner panel of the control board shows use of shim steel for accompanying diagrams illustrate their method of utilizing
contacts. The operator's keyboard fits over this, and tbe nails the available space on the back of the spotting board for
used for keys depress the spring strips. the maze of wires and the sixtv socket connections. The
 CONTROLLED SPOTTING: THE FRAZER TRAINER 31
'cal necessities of wiring made our eight by four foot extra crew of obserwrs, and drilling them on the spotting
board a practical minimum to accommodate the board, we can have two complete record sections, each
:r of lights installed. Our "bursts," by the way. are man's readings listed in black and white on a deviation
most closely around the target "airplane." and thin chart. Come details, transfers, cadres. or casualties, we can
ard the periphery of the board, much as they should depend on a full section ready for action, and we can train
ient fire. There are several "line shots," both hori- still more replacements in a hurry.
and vertical. The airplane is separately illuminated That's no small load off the harried mind of a Battery
we want to simulate night spotting. Commander. And the Colonel can direct the larger tactical
r training and testing of individual spotters, we employment of his regiment, in the knowledge that the
that the Frazer Trainer is equally useful for the co- fire of his guns will pinch in closer to the target ,,'ith every
ted training of an entire ,'isual record section. \Vith shot. His spotters are no longer the unknown quantity in
enced trackers from the range section, we set up our the firing equation. They are trained and tested, on a
d "0/' stations in miniature, and actually turned OUI piece of equipment that any ingenious battery carpenter
petent record section in five hours. By training an can build.

Twin 6-pounder British coastal guns,

recently taken off the "secret" list, reveal
that Axis light forces attempting a land-
ing on the British coast would have
found the going rather difficult. The
range of the guns is about 5,000 yards,
with high muzzle velocities. The guns
are the same caliber as Britain's famed
antitank guns.

Another view of the Twin-sixes. In

most locations the turrets had 3600
traverse. In one attack on the harbor
at Valetta, Malta, these vicious, quick-
firing guns destroyed eight torpedo
boats and five E-boats.
 AA Guns and the Fire Direction Cent
By lieutenant Colonel Burgo D. Gill, Coast Artillery Corps
As far as his weapons are concerned, any soldier knows Before going into more specific details as to how
their primary missions. However, is he using them to the could be accomplished. the question might arise
greatest possible advantage? Is there a method of using what conditions can it be used? Obviouslv, in an"
these weapons that may have been overlooked? tion, whether attack or defense, it can be u'sed wh;re
Asking the above questions, we find listed in training is a great preponderance of friendly planes. In one
publications that AA guns are also used as antitank, anti- serwd place. a sector had an equal number of AA and
motor torpedo boat, and assault weapons. In addition, can batteries, while in an adjacent sector. the AA batt
they be used in conjunction with, and reinforcing the greatly outnumbered the FA Obviously, this latter sit
Field Artillery? If so, how should we go about it? tion was an ideal one for AA guns to be prepared to 0
There is probably no doubt in any antiaircrafter's mind fire in a few seconds against any type of enemy target,
but that he can fire a battery of his own guns against land well as being able to switch from one type of fire to anot
targets, mobile and armored, or fixed, or to cover an area just as promptly.
in which are located enemy troops. However, this concep- The points to be covered in preparation for AA and F
tion applies to a single battery firing individually. How units to be able to tie in with each other are listed bel
can it be used in conjunction with FA batteries and even Naturally, the order in which they are listed might
with other AA batteries? varied. Some apply to training and indoctrination. Othe
By tying in AA batteries with the Field Artillery's fire might be considered separately in each special situation;
direction centers, and establishing liaison and communica- I. Commands and observation terms used jointly ar
tions between an AACP and an FOC, this can easilv be reduced to a minimum.
accomplished. ' 2. Each battery is kept informed of all artillery batte
At this point, I am fully cognizant that many AA officers locations. ~
have worried in the past, as well as right no\\', that some- 3. Communication and liaison are established betweeJ
one, or something will arise that will take Al\ away from AACP's and FOC's. The same applies to the local groun
its primary and vital mission of defense against enemy force commander's CP and the AACP.
aircraft. Although AA guns may be assigned a secondary 4. AACP keeps the GFC and FOC's informed of type
mission other than air defense, such as acting as assault ammunition on hand, and type of fires it can perform. ~
weapons, nothing should interfere with their primary mis- example, some AA batteries might only have AP shell
sion. \Ve must remember that such missions are dealt with AT work, and "time" shell for use against planes and
in each front, or sector, by the commanding officer of the "time" shell against personnel in the open. Another A
local ground forces concerned. So, let me quickly add that battery might have its AA shells fitted with a perCUSSiO
I am not opening that academic argument as far as tactical clement in the fuze and can consequently use it as pereus
thought is concerned, and am sticking to the technical pos- sion shell against practically all types of ground targets
sibilities of how to use AA guns in conjunction with FA For such purposes the AA needs terrestrial range tables.
batteries. 5. AA guns must not be used frequently enough agains
As we all know, an FA FOC is the means by which bat- land targets to cause them to overheat. Two AA guns ca~
teries of FA are quickly tied in together by rapid survey, blast out as much ammunition in a few moments as ca~
and registration fires recorded so that an FOC can easily four FA guns. The other two guns can be kept "cool" for~
order one, or many batteries to open up on a single target AA targets.
simultaneously. In other words, a target can be smothered 6. AA batteries must be ready to use an FA obsener
within a few moments by a concentration of many batteries spots against unseen targets.
instead of letting one battery do it over a much longer 7. The AA and FA keep each other mutually informed
period of time with consequent loss of surprise. 1\lost of us of all sun'ev data, OP's, etc.
are familiar with this system as it was worked in Bataan 8. AA b~tteries (at least for a starter) in an emergency
and on other fronts. should be used solely for concentrations rather than for rh
Because of specialized training of FA personnel in rapid more complicated methods of fire such as rolling barrages
means of survey, trained liaison personnel, an ample num- etc.
ber of forward observers with their communication facili- The drill in preparation for this work is quite simple.
ties, etc., it is better for the AA to tie in with the FA than Gunners should be taught to lay guns in azimuth and el
vice versa. vation by means of the "clocks," or the gunner's quadran
Incidentally, this is being attempted in one known sector can be used for elevation. This keeps the height find
although the various units have not been in combat. I and director crew free to get on any enemy plane.
don't know if it has been attempted on other fronts or not. course, they can be used to transmit data as well.
But, from reading the sparse reports that are available on Periodic drills should be held to keep in training as
the Bataan campaign, I am led to suspect strongly that as to test the system and to keep it up to date and to ch
some sort of a tie-up was made. for faults.
 •

Anti-MTB Target
By Major Charles L. Beaudry, Coast Artillery Corps
Because no standardized high speed target was furnished Finallv, skids wcre attached on the under side as shown
for a recent anti-motor torpedo boat shoot at this mid- in the pllOtographs and this time it rode beautifully over
lantic station, it was therefore necessary for us to design the surface (see figures I and 2). It did not skid laterally
d construct our own. even on turns due mostly to the fact that the towrope (175
In view of the fact that this was to be a high speed target yards) was almost entirely submerged and consequen~ly
wed by a radio remote controlled speedboat) it was had a stabilizing effect on the target. Putting a fin on the
!tially decided to design the target so that it would skip bottom of the target was considered but later ruled out. A
er the water in aquaplane fashion rather than plow fin would probably help but not enough to warrant blother-
ough it. ing with it.
Our first model was made of wood. In its assembly it The towrope used \Vas three-quarter inch in diameter and
s necessary to use bolts throughout rather than nails or proved to be entirely adequate. At rest the target sank about
cws because of the high strains later imposed on it. Even five inches in the seawater.
us assembled the target proved to be too light in construc- The target has since been used for 155mm sub-caliber
n and consequently tore apart. Furthermore it was not firing and has proved very satisfactory.
oyant enough to support its own weight when floating. Finally, it should be emphasized how important it was to
make the target very strong and well braced (see figure 1).
A second design attcmpted to correct the deficiencies of
The target has taken some terrific punishment but elcctric
original. The floating section consisted of four fifty-five-
welding, apparently almost a necessity, was used through-
lion gasoline drums welded together with reinforcing
out and stood lip perfectly .
. No bolts, screws, or nails were used anywhere. The
get frame itself, four feet six inches by four feet, was EDITOR'S ;\laTE: Two sets of plans for a high speed target
ovable-its two supports fitted into two pipes cach recently have been distributed by the Coast Artillery
Ided between a pair of drums. The target was braced Board to each harbor defense. \-\lhere materials and
erally with one-half inch rope. A trial run of this model equipment for this type of target are available, use of
ved UJlsatisfactory also. In spite of the fact that the tow- these plans is desirable. In the absence of the necessary
e pull came from under the front pair of drums (which tools and materials it will be neassary to improvise tar-
uld tend to lift them up) the weight of the towline itself gets to take advantage of the local situation. In the case
nteracted any lifting tendency of the drums. Conse- of the target described in this artxle, it will be necessary
emly the target plowed through the water and the drag to determine by experimentation the size of the com-
s comparatively high which of course made the speed ponents and the angle at which the plane surfaces should
er. intersect the horizontal.
 •

Printed
rom a fG
rom a negative tak
f erman' en
p oto of a G pnsoner th'
h
tion erman 88 ' IS
seems to . d' mm posi-
10 Icate '
actio antitank
n.
trOOps use an Italian Breda
.A.A gun in North Africa.
IndiA" """'v Piloto

'tish, German, and . Italian

indicate a variance in con-
lion and execution, hut
all have
,
one main pur-
to "Keep 'Em Falling." Neutral sources passed on this picture of German flak cars on tracks
near Berlin. An "educated guess" describes them as 105mm pieces.
Acm. Piloto

The Russians car

tured this l05mr
AA gun from th
Germans.
Sorfoln

Captured German 20mm

t AAj AT gun on half track.
Combat Conditionin By Major Vincent Usera, Coast Artillery Corps
i\lodern warfare has been so touted as being mechanized units but the second phase is the one I wish to emphasl
and so much emphasis has been placed on the mechaniza- here.
tion necessarv to make our arms effective that sometimes we The writer has been a professional soldier for foun
lose sight of 'the fact that the training of the human being years and has served as an officer in several campai
and his conditioning to the shock of battle is still the pre- with the U. S. i\larine Corps and with the Spanish A
dominant factor in all military training. \Vithout this train- in the recent Ci,'il \Var. I have fought in nearly ever) t)
ing and this conditioning. the machine or the weapon is of engagement from bush warfare to open warfare a
tacticallv useless. street fighting. I have been taught many lessons that I h
The ~ilitary profession is unique in one respect. \ Vhere- read in manuals but ignored to practice in training and
as in any other profession-medicine. law, engineering, etc. have learned the value of small details so often ignored unt
-one practices continuously. in our profession the oppor- losses and casualties reminded me forcibly of their i
tunity to practice it is limited to approximately once or portance.
twice every twenty-five years. As a consequence, the mis- Let us consider a method of attacking our proposed secon
takes made in the last war are the basis for the studv of the phase in training. \Vhen' your men have begun to shm
next war. Although certain tactical laws remain inlI~utable. that they are suitably proficient in artillery drill, accelerat
their applications can and do change radically from one the tempo and inject a new interest by suggesting to the
period to another. \Vitness the present conRict as an ex- that you are going to simulate casualties in the battery an
ample. All of our battles have had the same general pat- that during the ensuing drill you will touch certain me
tern: strafing and bombing by aircraft, intense artillery in the gun sections who will drop out of their positions an
preparation, shock action by tanks, riRe fire and machine that you want to see that position filled as soon as possibl
gun fire by the infantry as it advances over the ground so that no loss of time or efficiency will be. noted. The firs
made passable by the action of the above named arms, and time you do this you will note that there is a tendency f
finally, the assault with cold steel when the enemy's fire has the gun commander to take over the position. This shaul
been nullified. Is there any basic difference between the be discouraged except when there is no one else to fill i
way the Roman Legions assaulted and took a position with The gun commander has a definite and very important
cold steel and the taking of the same position by the mod- sition. He is the only one who in actual combat will be d'
ern infantryman armed with a knife at the end of his riRe? rectly in control and his job is to see that the gun cre\
The preparation (application) is different, but the ultimate functions as a team. By taking over the position of a casualty
(the actual assault) is essentially the same. he fills a lesser position and loses control and command 0
How does this affect us-the Antiaircraft Artillerv? It af- his crew. Remember that the dispersion of guns made neces
fects us in the sense that we can profit by the us~ of our sary by combat makes it impossible for you to supervise al
imagination and the experiences of those who have been in guns personally at the same time. In any drill bear in Olin
action so far-both our enemies and our allies. There are the tactical function of your noncoms and make them a
certain things that we can be confident can or will happen cept their responsibilities-you will appreciate their im
during the normal action of an antiaircraft battery or pla- portance once you get into battle.
toon. If we can make provisions during our training to take The next thing that you would notice in actual comba
care of these contingencies, then we at least minimize the would be the tendency of other members of the gun cre\
unforeseen which inevitably crops up in battle. Let us re- to aid their wounded comrade. This is a natural civiliz
view some of these eventualities which we can foresee: impulse but it must be cl.Hbed. The minute that one ma~
1. \Ve may suffer casualties among our key men. stops his job to help a wounded man, the natural gregari~
2. \Ve may be subjected to strafing and bombing attacks. ousness of human beings takes effect and before you knO\~
3. \Ve may be subjected to artillery fire by the enemy. it, you have two or three men leaving their gun to help
4. \Ve may be subjected to hostile small arms fire. friend. These two men (or more) are needed at the gu
5. \Ve may have our guns or equipment destroyed, or and thev should not be allowed to leave it under an\' cir
communications severed. cumsta~ces without orders. That is what you want '''fir
6. \Ve may be subjected to chemical warfare agents. aid" men for and they alone should be allowed to pick u
Having these possibilities (probabilities) present, let us in- wounded. If no "first aid" men are available, as often ha
ject the antidote in our training. Training could be divided pens, use someone from your overhead who has been s
into two major phases, (I) That phase during which tech. cifically designated as a stretcher bearer and make him pra
nical proficiency in the use of our machines and equipment tice this task during drill. Practice is essential for stretc
is taught. and (2) That phase of training in which the bearers. Theirs is a job requiring courage and strength, a
technical proficiency is practiced at an accelerated tempo the choice of any weakling will hamper the functioning
under circumstances as nearly true to battle as possible. The your unit in combat. If there are sufficient stretcher bear
first Dhase is alreadv bein~ practiced adequateh- bv ~ AA to ha'~Ee p_airin e::lch,gun {>ositiona~he ~etter. If t
 CO~1BAT CONDITIO~I~G 37
enough, make each gun commander responsible for recognize that you are interested in preserving their lives
.:> by telephone or by shouting for "First Aid." Remem- and their reaction will be commensurate with the effort YOU
that wounded men should not be left near other men put forth. '
'InY length of time. It does not help morale, and they One of your guns might be put out of action. Your di-
be in the way. rector might be hit. Your communication setup might be
ou may be subjected to strafing and bombing attacks so wrecked. Have you practiced what you would do if one of
us practice what to do during these attacks. Recently, I your guns were suddenly a casualty? \\'hat will you do with
JO command of an Automatic \\'eapons Battalion in the men? \Vhat method of fire control will YOU use if vour
to Rico and I was surprised at how easy it was to get director is put out of action and your gun' battery is"left
Air Corps to agree to practice strafing or "Buzzing" our without this valuable aid? Think it over-and practice it.
ions. The pilots of pursuit planes need the practice in Have your men check and fix a telephone or find and splice
g and our men need the practice in tracking a high a broken wire. Check on it and see how fast and how well
target and estimating ranges, so there should be little they can do it. Cut a wire some time during a practice and
ulty in obtaining cooperation. In spite of some casual- see if they can tell what is wrong. Have you taught men
~un crews under direct head-on attack by diving planes to act as messengers and made them repeat verbal orders
be trained to continue firing at such targets coming to you so that they will not get a garbled message to the re-
Iy on the gun position as long as fire can be delivered. cipient? Try putting twenty men in a ring ten paces apart
og bombing attacks by high flying bombers out of and whisper a three sentence order to the nearest one then
of
J\ \ V guns the gunners should be taught to take have him pass it on in a whisper to the next one. You will
on command. be surprised at the message you get back when it has made
ou may be subjected to hostile artillery fire so why not the complete circle. Do all.of your men know how to destroy
1I1atethis by the use of sound tracks now in existence a gun or other equipment should it be necessary to abandon
h simulate battle noises, and by the judicious use of it? Show them how and simulate such procedures.
IIcharges placed near the gun positions beforehand and You may be attacked with chemical warfare agents so
rably without the knowledge of the men on the guns. practice getting into gas masks immediately and using your
per bag filled with a mixture of Fullers Earth and lamp equipment with masks on. Let your officers and noncoms
. in which one-quarter of a stick of dynamite has been learn to give orders with masks on. l\ilake sure that they
rted will serve the purpose. This should be barely cov- can carryon while using masks and once in a while get some
with earth. The startling effects obtained by the use of tear gas from your nearest Chemical Warfare Unit and
mediums is in keeping with \Var Department direc- give the gas alarm and use the tear gas a second later. See
and the ensuing fright sustained by the men will de- how many "casualties" you get and note how these will be
t and interest them and give you valuable tips on men prepared in the future, if they don't know when you are
may be easily panicked. The second or third time this fooling and when you are not. This will teach them the
hlgem is worked on the men they will show obvious im- value of alertness and will make the usual dull gas drill in-
ement and the officers and noncoms will also learn the teresting because of its realism.
sity for the use of arm and whistle signals to supple- These are but a few of the things that can be done to im-
t the voice above the noise of combat. \Vhen you set off prove our training methods and make training an interest-
r hidden charges simulating hostile artillery fire near ing and vital thing for the men and officers. There are stiJ]
position, try getting your men into slit trenches or others which will soon become available. Make sure that
'od your parapets as expeditiously as possible. Remem- every man in your command has a chance to go through the
that the more confusing and shocking you can make the "Infiltration Course" where live machine gun fire is
1U/l circumstances without allowing it to create con- delivered over his head while he crawls 100 yards. Let every
n in your ranks, the nearer to actual combat will the man become accustomed to the angry whine of bullets over
lated situation be and the more fun and training will his head. This is a valuable conditioning aid and should be
{ men obtain therefrom. Since external confusion and used by every soldier in our army. An infiltration course may
rent disorder are the everpresent attributes of combat, be made out of any riRe range (200 yards) and some .30
them into your training! ca!. machine guns arranged to fire at least 30 inches from
ou may be subjected to enemy small arms fire, so train the ground over the heads of the advancing men.
men to take positions as infantrymen in case the enemy Your men may be taught the reality of actual combat with
penetrated to within rifle or machine gun range of you. small arms by the use of the same infiltration course.
ice taking these positions so that each man knows what Twenty or thirty small silhouette targets representing prone
ition would be and which of them, if any, remain on enemies can be placed at five-yard intervals across a line
gun. Show them what their place is when they have roughly coinciding with the butts. A squad, or platoon,
ert to infantry formations from their artillery position. (depending on the size of the butts) can be deployed in
blanks and firecrackers or any noise making device to front 400 or 500 yards away with the platoon scouts ahead.
late small arms fire being suddenly placed on them. All men are to be armed with riRe and twenty rounds of
late casualties and all the possibilities your mind can ball ammunition. The group is advanced until the scouts
re but make it realistic. After the exercise hold a criti- can see the silhouettes when they begin fire on these. The
nd explain the defects shown up. If these things are officer and the noncoms then maneuver their units to form
with enthusiasm and energy they can not help but on the line of scouts and bring fire to bear on the targets.
t the men. Our men are in .. • • 1 1 ..
38 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL

order given by his noncoms or obtained from the adjacent manuals were ,,,-ritten by men who have been in action
man. This would necessitate noncoms and officers learning are based on the actual e.',periences of many years and
what and how fire orders are given by infantry commanders. will ~nd it out when you go into battle. Put every bit
\Vhen the fire from all elements had been brought to bear nervous energy into your actions and voice when you
on the targets the platoon leader (or squad leader) would actually going through any exercise. It is up to you to
advance his unit by individual elements in small rushes of it interesting and vital. Forget that you were a civilian
five to ten yards while the remainder of the unit kept up its used to dealing with things that were "reasonable."
fire on the targets. Scoring could be computed at the end battle the "unreasonable" is what usually wins. What
of the exercise on the percentage of hits per rounds fired. reasonable about John Paul Jones' refusal to surre
Great realism can be added by the use of several machine when his ship was sinking? \Vas it "reasonable" for W
guns firing over the heads of the troops from their rear. ington to attack Trenton with his cold, ragged soldiers
Since it takes some time for soldiers to learn from where Christmas Eve? Is it reasonable to tell a man to go into a
the fire is coming the effect would be one of being fired at. where his life is forfeit at any moment? Then don't be a
I have personally used this exercise many times for teaching to work your men hard while training. You can not
fire and movement to troops about to go to the front and the them as tired as they will be during their first action.
men were invariably impressed and taught a great deal. any unit has been trained strenuously and effecti
This, of course, necessitates short periods of instruction in in spite of their growls and beefs, there comes a time w
the elements of the fire order (I: range estimation, 2: target it achieves its unity-its teamwork-and they begin to
designation, 3: fire order) and a "dry run" to insure safety. of their organization and their leaders. vVhen that time
Make sure that your men and your noncommissioned of- rives they have acquired the priceless military ingredien
ficers learn and practice mino!; infantry tactics: combat "esprit de corps."
principles in attack and defense, use of cover and conceal- In closing, I should like to remind my readers of one
ment, and musketry. Can your officers and noncoms give exorable truth. Disciplined troops, strong in the knowled
orders properly using the five paragraph form? Try them of their unity and cohesion, show the value of training
out by the use of sand table problems involving simple the crisis of battle. vVhen it seems that men can not sta
problems for the platoon or squad. The Infantry School at any more and events happen with mad, appalling violen
Fort Benning, Georgia, can send you any number of such what can make men hold in the face of death? Passion
problems already made up-problems which will train you loyalty or excitement can lead them to it, but only fanatici
and your men to think clearly and quickly. Always bear or long arduous practice can hold them to it. Habit result"
in mind the possibility that some day you might be faced from training is the one force that overcomes fear a
with the necessity of destroying your guns and taking up causes men, wounded, dazed, and shattered in numbers
infantry battle formations to repel an enemy or to retire. continue doing their jobs with reasonable efficiency.
Are you sure that your men could do that now without Every man who has sought for courage in war for
confusion or panic? Infantry tactics are not composed of finds it shaken by fear. How much more so does an ordin
just extended order drill-it is not as simple as that. Who man when in the chaos of battle all the props of the wo
becomes the combat scout if you are attacking? How is con- he has known are knocked out from under him! Men
tact between units maintained? How is a retirement effected not brave in battle from disdain of fear but from heat
by a company (battery)? Think it over-teach your men, emotion or habit born of discipline. Habit alone will s
and then practice it. tain men in the face of death. Habit gives freedom fr
One very important factor must be everpresent in each the terrible fear that disaster destroys man's mental um
officer's mind during any and all training. Training which Habit will ensure the correct reaction when the faculties
is done in a lackadaisical fashion where the instructor shows temporarily paralyzed. Habit, which is the result-name
in every action that he is not "responsible" for making his discipline, organization, and training, is the strongest
men go through "this silly stuff" is actually harmful. Our chological factor in the military arsenal.

A democracy demands effective military leadership, which is a

good guarantee for efliciency. The trouble arises, not from the con-
demnation of leaders, but from the effort to dictate or influence the
strategical employment of our forces without knowledge of the
logistical requirements, or of the various military situations and the
world of international relationships involved.-GEN'ERAL GEORGE
C. 1\ lARSHALL.
 potting by Sensingfor Rapid
Fire Batteries
By Lieutenant Colonel F. G. Tandy, Coast Artillery Corps
pottCfS are apt to be a neglected element of the range cellent eyesight. (2) He should be level-headed, one of
n. This is not as true in batteries commanded bv ex- your best men. Next train your men thoroughly, both regu-
ced artillerymen who have learned by bitter e;peri- lar spotters and alternates in both normal and emergency
that no shoot can be better than the spotters, as it is methods. Test your men and if they don't respond to train-
many of our younger officers who have not had the ing change about, but by all means acquire good men and
tunity to learn by experience. The things which were trained men.
cd by years of experience in the old days must now be The average man thinks he can call overs and shorts at
ed by young officers in days or months. any range whether the target and splash are lined up or
e Commanding Officer of a battery using the bracket- not and he will try to prove it by guessing and spoiling a
method of fire adjustment cannot afford to forget that shoot, if he doesn't understand that it is no disgrace to call
ust havc spotters until just before his target practice doubtfuls when he is not absolutely certain. Further, he
then assign men left over from other details. Even must learn that he should call a hit only when the pieces of
early assigned as spotters normally get very little actual the target fly in the air. A simple way to show a man is to
ience in seeing shots fall. Subcaliber firing often gives set a salt shaker on a table across the room, have him place
potter an erroneous idea of his ability to call overs and his eye at table level and look through a small hole in a card-
s due to the short range and exaggerated height of board to take away any depth perception he may have at so
relation to that range. short a distance. Use a small piece of cotton on a string to
a consequence of the above conditions, the spotter may simulate the splash and place a shield between him and
shots with opposite sensing to their actual fall-that is your hand holding the string so he cannot see which way
ay call an over a short or vice versa, or he may call a you move your hand, then drop the cotton so that splash
when a hit is not actually obtained. In either Cdse the and salt shaker are not in line with his eye and have him
It in trial fire, and sometimes in fire for effect, is dis- call short, over or doubtful. By telling him true readings
us. This may easily result in the center of impact being you should be able to convince him that he cannot correctly
from within the hitting area to a point outside the scnse a splash unless the target and some part of the splash
ng area by these spotting errors. A study of fire con- are in line, If you cannot convince him you had better put
ns will show that RG corrections (successive I fork him in a position where he will use his back instead of his
tions) in trial fire are often three or four times the head.
al ballistic correction entered before firing. Therefore, Training bilateral spotters should present no special diffi-
!Itter how good the data which comes out originally, it culty. A small target on a two by four towed on the ground
I to be completely upset and overshadowed by one or at a short distance from an azimuth instrument and a piece
spolting errors in trial fire. Further, having once of cotton on a string will give an opportunity for a man
cd fire for effect with erroneous assumptions the to read deviations through an instrument. Proficiency is
~eting chart will correct so slowly that it will take at easily attained by this simple method as practice in reading
four rounds and probably eight or more to overcome the splash scale in the instrument is all that is required.
'tial error in spotting. The next step is to train on subcaliber splashes. The usual
ttcry Commanders must be sure that they have the height of site of a station and the short range of subcaliber
spotting system obtainable under existing conditions give a man a chance to see a definite vertical angle between
ain, communications, shortage of personnel, etc. The the target and the splash, a condition which is not present
ence between axial, unilateral and Bank spotting po- at service ranges. Therefore, it is a good plan to place the
must be understood. A spotting position on the flank spotter as near water level as possible on the beach in front
not give the results expected if the gun-target spotter of the battery. This will simulate service conditions. Again
is not seventy-five degrees or more. It is believed that weed out men who show a tendency to guess sensings.
eVerpossible a bilateral system should be used both for There should never be a mistake in sensing. If a spotter is
practice and for combat and a spotting board always not sure then it must be called doubtful. It is much better
to give readings of overs and shorts. This seems to be to fire another round on the same correction than to adjust
fest system when ranges are 10,000 yards or more. an erroneous spotting. It will help the spotters to hold the
with a bilateral system men should be trained as rate of fire down in trial fire and if more than one gun is
potters for an emergency spotting system. being fired to be sure shots are staggered so as to give the
men must be picked for spotters. The fact that a spotter a chance to complete one reading before the next
ys he has been spotting for months or years doesn't splash appears.
rily mean he is good. A spotter should (I) have ex- The last step is service firing. Spotters should be present
40 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURi\;AL Septe-mber-

at every service practice for there is no substitute for experi- this rule, while on the uther hand many a shan is mista
ence. Sen'ice firings are the nearest thing we have to com- for a hit and the whole shoot spoiled.
bat. It is well also to mention several facts which could
H a definite training routine is followed you will have a classified as development of spotters after the initial sla
battery which can shoot and shoot well. Any systematic An analysis of past firings will show that if firing data
error can be eliminated by good spotting and proper use of carefully prepared the first trial salvo will fall less than f
the rules of adjustment. probable errors from the target and that even though no
A spotter is trained to do one thing, to sense splashes so justment is made a few hits will be secured. A battery c
that adjustments can be made. He probably feels that the mander must be prepared to open fire for effect in ~om
entire battery is waiting for him to say something. Our job without any trial fire phase.
is to get him to say the correct thing. He must understand In these days of rapidly moving targetsothere is no time
that a sensing of doubtful is not a reflection on his ahility. trial fire. Therefore, spotters should be trained for s
but an indication that the other elements of the batterY are thev must not be the ones who control our rate of fire.
at fault in not securing line shots. Howe\'er, it is some(imes firs~ hit is what counts. Fire cannot be held up for spotti
possible to sense a shot properly which falls in front of the data to come in. Adjustments can be made even though
target by waiting a few seconds and seeing which side of the the shots are not sensed, as long as those sensed are spott
spray the target passes. \\lith experience he should learn correctlv. Remember a "doubtful" is treated the same a
such e},:pedients. He must understand that he is either sure "lost" i~ fire adjustment. The speedy, highly maneU\'era
that a shot is over or short or it is a doubtful. It is dangerous present-day target may cause dispersion to become
to call a hit, therefore a good rule is to prohibit a hit being friend instead of our enemy if the rate of fire is rapid a
called unless the pieces By from the ship or the pyramidal initial firing data carefully prepared. Training spotters pa
target Hiesto pieces. Adjustmen~ will not be upset by using dividends in speed and accuracy.
 etermination and Use of Certain Statistical
Averages in Seacoast Artillery Fire Control
By the Coast Artillery Board
The use of statistical averages in the determination of Analysis of orientation data as well as tracking data can
rs is an important aid in the evaluation of the effecti\'e- be made by the method described in the example that fol-
of seacoast artillery ore control equipment and the lows. In the case of analvsis of orientation data the com-
"lityor state of training of its operators, These averages parison is made with true 'survey data. Tracking data may
vide a basis on which to compare personnel and equip- be analyzed by comparison with data taken simultaneously
nt in the effort to derive maximum beneot from training with the most accurate ore control system available, usually
target practices. Thorough analysis of the results of a suitable horizontal base system manned by a skilled range
ining and target practice courses may be used to demon- section. A system employing two camera theodolites at the
te to operators and observers the good and bad features ends of a suitable baseline also can be used as a standard
their functioning as members of the range section. In of comparison, particularly in the case of data on high
ition to furnishing an incentive to improve operating speed targets at close ranges.
II,such analysis also tends to develop precise Ore control Consider the problem of determining the accuracy of
hniques and generally helps to improve the esprit of any type of single station ore control system, such as a
ryone concerned with the ore control problem by creat- DPF, SCRF, or other single station set. Both the single
confidence in the standard equipment. station system and an appropriate visual horizontal base
! The averages to be considered here are the mean devia- system are used to track the target and data are recorded on
n. the instrumental deviation, and the mean accidental all instruments simultaneously on a convenient time inter-
r. The deviations, errors, and their averages are defined val. The shorter the time interval the more data can be
follows: obtained for plotting curves of DEVIATIONS versus time
DEVIATION is the observed or calculated value to obtain the period of the errors. Having obtained the
minus the corresponding true value. Individual DEVIA- basic data, the statistical analysis may be accomplished
TIONS are assigned the proper algebraic sign. either by mathematical computation, using logarithms and
computing machines, if available; or directly by plotting the
MEAN DEFlATION is the arithmetical (taken with- horizontal base data on a standard plotting board. The
out regard to sign) sum of the DEVIATIONS, divided former method is the more accurate, of course, but the latter
by the number of observations. The MEAN DEVIA- may suffice in many instances. The recorded base-end data
TION is always positive. This is the criterion of the are plotted on the battery plotting board in the usual man-
over-all performance of the instrument and the indi- ner. Then, using the arm and station center for the single
vidual. station system, the azimuth and range from the single sta-
tion are read for all the points plotted from the base-end
INSTRUMENTAL OR SYSTEMATIC DEVIA-
data. The two sets of data for the single station can be
TION is the algebraic sum of the DEVIATIONS di-
compared as shown, and the errors determined.
vided by the number of observations. The INSTRU-
The relocated base-end station data, or true values, and
MENTAL DEVIATION may be plus or minu~, de-
the single station data, or observed values, for azimuth and
pending on the nature of the individual DEVIA-
range are entered side by side as shown in the example.
TIONS. It is affected by orientation errors and any
The true values are then subtracted individualIv from the
bias in the equipment itself, as well as by the systematic
observed values. If the observed value exceeds the true
effectof any habits or tendencies of the operator to func-
value a plus sign is assigned to the deviation. If the ob-
tion in an abnormal manner. The INSTRUMENTAL
served value is less than the true value a minus sign is
DEVIATION corresponds to the distance of the center
assigned to the deviation. It will be noted that while the
of impact from the target.
accidental errors are taken with regard to sign, the sign of
ACCIDENTAL ERROR is the individual DEVIA- the individual errors is not considered in determining the
TION minus the INSTRUMENTAL DEVIATION, mean accidental error. If the accidental errors are added
Iaken with regard to sign. These values may be either with regard to sign, the result will be zero if no decimal
plus or minl!-s. The accidental error corresponds to the places ha\'e been dropped in the calculations and should be
armament error. close to zero otherwise. This affords a convenient check of
the calculations of the various averages. It is customary to
MEAN ACCIDENTAL ERROR is the arithmetical indicate the sign of the individual accidental errors since /
without regard to sign) sum of the ACCIDENTAL this information is often used in other ways. A graph of
ERRORS divided by the number of observations. This accidental errors plotted against time, range or azimuth will
falue is either positive or zero. The i'vlEAN ACCI- frequently reveal data that will assist in reducing the mag-
ENTAL ERROR is a criterion of the steadiness and nitude of the errors. Some errors may vary with range or
nsistency of the observations, and the skill of the opera- azimuth and in some cases a deonite period of repetition of
r on 'the particular instrument used. It corresponds to errors may occur, so that the graph may even resemble a
e mean or average armament error. sine curve.
42 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-
E.,A~IPLE 1. Add up the plus deviations.
0, 0) «, 0' ( ) PI (n
2. Add up the minus deviations.
....
(')
.... , ,
•""'-

,- ...... .4

3. Add the totals obtained in 1 and 2 algebraicall).

,'I ~ ,
,,~'"
..
C

....... .....
T~
""""
0.

.......
co!
Co! III
(n
I.
C
~.
)t ......

'r.:.;,:t
~
T~
,t. .-,
,
., .... ~,
<>
A --
c
c- "
I,' ~ tn)
•
(')
I
JI'"

~."fC.,>~
'"
vide this by the total number of observations includ
any zero deviations that may have occurred. The
"- (,Jim) '~I
'''''''
..,
I

,
'9COO
I~~
I?OGO

19130 -.'-., -;0

+,.
!C9.'Q

~.\
~("
!tf.).!4)

Hr??'i
-.~
--
-+.U
• O'
suiting number (minus or plus, as the case may
is the INSTRU~lENTAL DE\'IATIO~.
;
4
,
19160

192!8
1910'1

192"0 +42
-IS
+11
!().9-'

:-0.1';
.!~(l.~-
!."U.IO

.:m.!O;
-.11
,.
•• -.01

-.00;

-.:6
4. Add the totals obtained in 1 and 2 above (disreoaro
19184 19.\1" +4' -II :'"'0.16
sign) and divide by the number' of observations.
•. 19H2 19J-O ~3S ~8 :-OH :-0.\1 -,; -~!I
resulting average is called the ~IEAN DE\'IATIO
1935} 19420 +;'
.'• .:-0 ....0 !"'o...} - -.41

and has no sign. It is to be noted that under no

• '94'" l~"'O ~;O
+1. ~
!"O~1 ;:-o(.} -.11 -.;G

~. cumstances can the INSTRU~lENTt\L DEVI

9 19,", 19HO :"0.98 rO~4 - .• 4 -.29

10 190;-6 19';SO -,. -06 :-1.10 2-1.06 -.0.1 -'9

TION exceed the l\lEAN DEVIATION.
1960;" 19610 -H :"I.!} :"1.18 +.00; -.10
II

" 19'~ 19"00 -;0 -u, 2"'1.}8 :"1'1.';9 .11 +.06

5. In order to obtain the l\lEAN ACCIDE:\ fAL E
.. 19tHl 11,X3'i +24 -<; Z"".H 1"'1.81 +.28 +.1}
" ~, ROR, subtract the INSTRU~lENTAL DEVI
".6
'?900
'0000
1993'1
!()().40 ...
+3'
+,.
':-1.(.8

:"1.84
!"I.99
':-!..17
+.;.
+.H
+.16
+.18
TION algebraically (considering sign) from each'
,.
20093 201 \'; +41 +12
.,;
212.00 2"1.Yi
1":,o;'j
+.;G
+.}7
+.21

+.2!
dividllal deviation. Vlhen this has been done for
ZOI11 lO!I'i ~41 2 ...
:.18

" 2020;4 lOWO +46 '6 ,., ;4 17!."S ...AI +.!6

deviations (including any zero deviation), add up
-so ;.!.~ +..41 +.27
'9 20330 !O}~

~"
+!O !""!.92

r_u;
these accidental errors, disregard:ng sign, and div'
2. 2040l 20,n~ -!-i .1"2.64 +A? -..
H

,. PIUlo fOl.lI .700 ~!OO PIUlo 101.11 .4,00 .! us by the total number of readings. The resulting nu
;\lim,l\local -'00 -ZOO ~Itn_l [,ll.ll LOaI -!.OS ber, which has no sign, is the ~ lEAN ACCIDE0:T
AIgt'braic TOIal .GOO 0 AI,I:~br.li(Tvul .\00
• ERROR.
Arilhm~lic Toul .00 400 Arithm~:ti~ TOI.II '00 .1.10

I:-":STRl"~IU,"TAl OH'IATIO:o..;
(,00
;0 )ud\ I:-":STRU~1[:\'T.""L D[\'I.o\TlO;'\O ,.
=+~=+.no The utmost care must be taken in assigning the pro
W
~UA:r\ Dn'IA T10~
W "". 400 ~.Irdl MEA~ DEVIATION - s!r: :;: .2S. algebraic sign as described above because if the rules a
;\I[A:" AeCiDI :'IiT. ....L fRROR 10
• 00
20 ).&rd\ ].I[A:" ACCIO[:\,fAl [RRQR = "z~O= .21 • disregarded false results are obtained. To save time a
reduce the possibility of error a form should be prepar
In order to secure the statistical averages desired, the on which is included a place for each step in the calcu
tions.
following procedure is carried out:
 CO~ST ~RTILLERY
IN ~CTION

AA in Action
Fighting in Tunisia Germans did not return in the two weeks the outfit was in
the area.
Am1)' antiaircraft gunners have become so efficient
llinstboth the Germans and Japs that in some cases enemy In another battle at Mateur, Colonel Hogan said, "units
nes failed to return after an initial action, according of our artillery antiaircraft regiment moved under COver
reports to the \Var Department. .. of darkness into positions near three bridges where Army
-111"0 instances 01 this expert defense agamst enemy alr- Engineers, working without protection, had been bombed
rt were told by Colonel James P. Hogan who commanded and strafed constantly for days. The next day, five Messer-
antiaircraft regiment in Tunisia. schmitts and two Focke-\Vulf 190's flew over. We shot down
Reporting to Arn1)' Ground Forces Headquarters, Colo- three and scored a probable on one of a formation of four
I-logan recounted his outfit's baptism of fire at Thelepete, others that had joined the original group. Again the Ger-
rillagc south of Kasserine Pass where positions had been mans refused to return and not one Nazi bothered the
en to defend two nearby airfields. engineers during the rest of the period the regiment re-
mained there."
'That day," he said, "six German ME-109's came over
Another instance of accurate shooting was reported by
an attempt to bomb one of the airports. Three of the
Colonel \VilIis J. Tack and Lieutenant Colonel Frank J.
nes flew in at high altitude while the other three dropped
Lawrence, members of an Army Ground Forces observer
\\11 in low-level attacks-a typical German maneuver we
team recently returned from the South and Southwest Pa-
re to see repeated many times. cific.
'I was well satisfied with the conduct of my men. They "\Ve occupied Rendova on June 30," Colonel Tack said,
ained level-headed, staunch and completely in control "and the Jap bombers first came over on July 2. They re-
themselves, hitting one bomber so thoroughly that judg- turned on July 4 and those gunners gave them a real re-
from the streamers of black smoke behind him he must ception with the 90mm's. They knocked down twelve
\'c pancaked somewhere behind the enemy lines." bombers." ,
Ordinarily, Colonel Hogan said, the high-altitude bomb- All the officers praised the American soldiers highly, nQt
would first act as a decoy, then follow through with a only for their precision but for their high spirits and abilitY
-level attack in company with the remaining planes but to learn quickly and adapt themselves to every battle oc-
this instance they refused to enter the fight. And the ~~oo. )

Citations
Distinguished Service Medal Corps Area was the direct result of his untiring efforts, his
MAJORGENERALJOHN P. SMITH, United States Army. leadership, and the inspiration which his policy of service
exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services in to the field forces furnished to all who worked with him.
performance of duties of great responsibility as Com-
nding General, Fourth Corps Area, from 11 October
0, to 25 February 1942. During the period ~Iajor Gen- Soldier's Medal
I Smith was in c~mmand of the Fourth Corps Area, ap- CORPORALHARRYLIVCIIAK,Coast Artillery. For heroism
ximately half of the troops of the Army, within the in Alaska on January 24, 1943. Corporal Livchak waded
tinemal limits of the United States. were stationed in twice through the freezing waters of a heavy surf at the
t Corps Area. ~ lajar General Smith carried out his base of a fifty foot cliff to assist ashore exhausted members
ies with energy and marked ability, and the success with of the crew' of a foundered barge. Laboring under th~
ich the expansion of the Armv was carried out in that handi~p of a previously sustained 1l'Q inlurv. Cornor:ll
 1l
44 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL septe11lber_OC

Lh-chak. with the aid of a rope, succeeded in assisting the Corps. Home address: 4393 Bedford Road. Detroit. Mi
crew members to scale the cliff. oan.
o
SERGEAC\'T 1\ IARTIC\'F. HACHFELD,Coast Artillery. For FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perfOO
heroism in Algeria in April. 1943. Sergeant Hachfeld ance of outstanding service from 25 January 1942 to
saved from extensive injury and death a fellow soldier, December 1942 as Chief of Staff to the Chief of Ha\\ai
\'.'ho, while cleaning a machine gun, accidentally ignited Art~llery in organizing the Office of the Chief of Ha\\ai'
the cleaning fluid. S~rgeant Hachfeld entered the burning Ar~llle.ryand supen:~sing the tactical training of all artill
room, removed the inJured soldier and smothered the flames umts 10 the Hawauan Department. Colonel 1\ Iartin's
on the soldier's clothing before mortal injuries were suf- ganizing ability and untiring efforts were responsible f(
fered, establishing and maintaining the then rapidly increasin
CORPORALJOHN CASTEEL,Coast Artillery, For heroism artillery. force on Oa~1Uand the outlying i~lands of th.e Tell1

a plane crash a h's P'f D .r

in French i\lorocco, in A ril, 1943. Cor oral Casteel heard
h f
and a comrade foeart dlthPosl IO n. eSPdle a dleavYf og, e
h
torr HIS excellent Ju~gment and supenor handling of.
artIllery matters contnbuted greatlv to the precise and ej
fective coordination of artillery fir~ power now existino J
c e k an , hee ess 0 numer-
e wrec 'age h . I . f h D I I '"
ous explosions within the wreckage, carried two of the crew t e tac.tlca umts 0 t e e~artment. n t 1e problem (
who were lying near the plane to safety and ave them first expanslOn?f t.he Sea~oast Artillery Command fromlts pI1
aid treatment. Hearing a shout, Co oral Ca~teel, with the war ~r9anJ~atlon to ItS present strength,. through .''':o]on
aid of his comrade enter d th fl rp k k . i\lart1O s skIll, resourcefulness, and persIstent untmno r
, e e am10g wrec 'age, 'nowmo f b' 1 d d .. I' "
it contained explosives, and brought another member of ort, new atte.nes wer~ S? ocate .an COOf( mated wit
the crew to safetv. respect to preVIOusly eXlst10g battenes that there was d
, 1 1 1 veloped an arrangement of batteries and calibers whi~
Legion of Merit provides a positive maximum of offshore nre power eO\erin
L]1\,\ B' d' G 1 U S water approaches to every vital installation of the Island \
TO : E'ARL r . !\'IETZGER, nga ler enera, .. Army. Oahu,
Home Address: 78 Peachtree Ivlemorial Drive, Atlanta,
Georgia. TO: GEORGEJ. SCHULZ,Colonel, Coast Artillery Corp
Home address: Hartly, Delaware.
FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform-
ance of outstanding service as G-3 of the Fourth Service FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the pe
Command during the period of expansion, reorganization formance of outstanding service as commanding officer of
and training of the military establishment and during the Coast Artillery (AA) regiment and Executive of a fon
initial stages of the present war. Appointed G-3 of the that established and defended an island base in the Pacil
Fourth Service Command on October I, 1938, he demon- during the period January 19, 1942, to February 18, 194
strated a high quality of leadership, organizational and Colonel Schulz continued in active command of his re~
executive ability in the handling of matters pertaining to ment while also assigned to duty as Force Executive. Duri;
the induction of the National Guard into Federal service this period, his regiment joined the Force and moved
and to the organization, training and expansion of the foreign sen,ice. The Force established itself, organized tI
Army, and in matters pertaining to internal security within Base and its defenses and defended the Base. As regiment
the Sen'ice Command at the outbreak of the war. In the commander, Colonel Schulz planned, organized and COI
solution of problems arising, his keen insight and able grasp manded the complete antiaircraft defense of the Base. ,
of matters pertaining to the G-3 Section made him an in- Force Executive, he organized the Force Staff and plannl
valuable aid to the Sen,ice Commander during this critical and supervised the operations of the Force. His tirel(
period. energy, his broad experience and his virile leadership h~
tened the orderly preparation of the defenses and facilitatl
TO: NELSON DINGLEY, III, Colonel, General Staff the defense of this island base.
Corps. Home address: Fainvay Apts., Pelham Manor, N. Y.
FO R: Services of high responsibility as executive officer TO: CHARLESK. vVINC, Colonel, Coast Artillery Coq
of a C. A. Brigade (AA) and later as Chief of Staff of the Home address: Carrington, North Dakota.
Hawaiian Antiaircraft Artillery Command. Upon his own FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perfon
request, Colonel Dingley was relieved of duty with the In- ance of outstanding service in planning the antiaircraft (
spector General's Department on the day of the attack on fenses of Oahu. During and immediately after the atta
Pearl Harbor and assigned to combat duty. Since then, by on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, he had all elemer
his calmness, excellent judgment, tact and inspiring efforts, of the Antiaircraft Artillery moved promptly to neld F
he quickly welded the staff and units into an efficient team sitions, those positions organized, and the entire antiaircr:
which quickly overcame the discomposure caused by the warning and intelligence system put into effect. He work
surprise attack. Colonel Dingley's brilliant tactical intelli- long hours with limited means. His energy, attention
gence, his unfaltering attention to duty, and his marked duty and foresight, greatly facilitated the rapid expansi l

executive ability have been of inestimable value in the ex- of those defenses to their present size and dimensions.
pansion of the 'Hawaiian Antiaircraft Artillery Command. TO: FRAC\'K J. ZELLER,Lieutenant Colonel, Coast t\r1
His achievements under adverse conditions have brought lery Corps. Home Address: Mendocino, California.
great credit to himself and the military service.
FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perf 011
TO: DARWIN D. '\IARTIN, Colonel, Coast Artillery ance of outstanding services as a Post Staff Officer in Al:d
 COAST ARTILLERY 1:\ ACfION 45

ce December 30, 1940. During this period Lieutenant was expedited materially. \ \ arrant Officer Sperl's award is
Colonel Zeller as a Post Staff Ofhcer prepared policies for in the Degree of Officer.
d supervised the execution of arrangements for the supply, His wite, 1\lrs. l\lary A. Sperl, resides at 20 Tidball
transportation and construction of that station and its sub- Road, Fort l\lonroe, Virginia.
sts. TO: PERCYH. \ VALKER,1\laster Sergeant, Coast Artil-
TO: GILMOUR C. l\ lACDo~ALD,Captain, Coast Artil- lery. Home .address: 38 Chancy Street, Boston, l\ lassachu-
ery Corps. Home address: 517 Ash Avenue, Ames, Iowa. setts.
FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform- FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perfonll-
nee of outstanding service. Captain l\lacDonald, by con- ance of outstanding service. Sergeant \Valker initiated and
tinuous and untiring application to the problems of service produced from the personnel of the command at Fort 1\lac-
f his materiel, remarkable ingenuity in designing practical Arthur, California, the plays "The Yard Birds of Fort .i\1ac-
evices to meet those problems, marked ability in recog- Arthur" and "I-ley Rookie." \ Vith a unique trailer built by
nizing the merits of the work of others, and outstanding Sergeant \ \' alker, those casts, during off-duty hours, visited
resourcefulness in constructing equipment with apparently many posts and isolated stations which other types of en-
nadequate facilities, produced for the use of his organiza- tertainment could not reach. These shows were also put on
tion and for the service, a number of valuable devices, the for the sick and wounded in nearby hospitals.
mostnotable of which greatly improved the accuracy of anti- TO: LEoNAHDA. \\lInTZ, First Sergeant, Coast Artillery.
aircraft machine gun fire. From September 8, 1939, to August 1, 1942, the conduct
TO: ALECK F. 1\IACDoNALD,Captain (then First Lieu- of Sergeant \ Virtz was exceptionally meritorious in the per-
. tenant), Coast Artillery Corps. Home address: 1807 Brazos formance of outstanding services. His ability, initiative,
Street, Austin, Texas. leadership, and resourcefulness contributed in a large
FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform- measure to the successful construction under great difficul-
snce of outstanding service. As battalion and harbor de- ties of barracks and other facilities for officers and enlisted
fense reconnaissance officer, supply officer, and plans and men occupying outlying positions of the Coast Artillery
training officer of a Task Force, he selected battery po- Command in the defense of the Panama Canal. His ex-
sitions and observation posts with marked efficiency, trained emplary conduct and marked devotion to duty have re-
a completely inexperienced reconnaissance section and ob- Bected the highest ideals of the military service.
tained orientation data for all harbor defense installations The address of his mother, 1\1rs. Effie \Virtz, is P. O.
operating over difficult terrain. He devised and constructed Box 294, Athens, \Vest Virginia.
charts and scales for the conversion of firing data obtained TO: TUOl\IASJ. \VALSII, JR., Technical Sergeant, Coast
from standard fire-control instruments into a form suitable Artillerv. Home address: 1416 Reo Street, Lincoln Park,
ror use with non-standard weapons. l\lichig;n.
TO: MAURICEV. GHIFFIN, Captain (then First Lieu- FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform-
tenant), Coast Artillery Corps. Home address: \Vinter ance of outstanding service in devising, conducting experi-
Street, Tilton, New Hampshire. ments, and developing instruments of great value to the
Army.
FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform-
ance of outstanding service as the commanding officer of TO: FRANKVERLINDE,Staff Sergeant (then Sergeant),
an antiaircraft artillery gun detachment. Captain Griffin, Coast Artillery Corps. Home address: Route 2, St. Charles,
on the morning of December 7, 1941, as the result of dili- Michigan.
gent preparation and the skillful training of his command, FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform-
wasable to deliver effective antiaircraft artillery fire against ance of outstanding services. As commander of a platoon in
the enemy. During the arduous period subsequent to the a Coast Artillery eM) regiment, he established a gun p0-
attack on Pearl Harbor, he continuously demonstrated sition in Iceland under most unfavorable conditions. Due to
uperior leadership, together with an outstanding knowledge his high qualities of leadership, initiative and devotion to
of antiaircraft artillery, earning numerous commendations duty, the smartness and efficiency of the personnel of his
for the organization which he commanded. platoon and the excellent condition of the armament were
outstanding in the regiment.
TO: \VILLARD B. CHELLIS, First Lieutenant, Coast
nillery Corps. Home address: 310 Haswade Drive, H unt- TO: GEORGE H. RAISLER, Corporal, Coast Artillery.
. gton, \Vest Virginia. Home address: Marion, Wisconsin .
FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform- FOR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform-
ance of outstanding service in devising and developing mance of outstanding service in devising and conducting
equipment. experiments of great value to the Army.

TO: FRA~KSPERL,\Varrant Officer, Armv of the United TO: RONALDE. \VAITE, Corporal, Coast Artillery. Home
States. As chief electrician, \ Varrant Office~ Sperl was re- address: Garden City Avenue, Garden City, Kansas.
nsible for improvising devices used in testing important FQR: Exceptionally meritorious conduct in the perform-
ntiaircraft equipment and for the construction of excep- mance of outstanding service as battery mechanic. As a re-
. nal items of equipment in emergencies. As the result of sult of his ingenuity, Corporal \Vaite designed and con-
. efforts, the testing of important antiaircraft equipment structed an improvised mount for an automatic riBe.
 l
BOARD NOTES
An) individual, whether or 1/ot he is a member of the sen'ice, is inl'itea to submit C01/structive sllggestion~ relating ro
prob/e-rns IlIlder stlldy b) the Coast Artillery Board, or to present any 1/ew pralJ/em that properly may he considered
bv, the Board. Commll11icatiollS should be addressed to the President, Coast Artille, - Roard, Fort l\Ionroe, Virginia.

THE COAST AHTILLERY BOARD

COLONEL \VILLIAl\l S_ BOWEN, GA.G, President
COLONEL LEON G DENNIS LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILUS A. PERRY
COLONEL OOl';ALD H. S:\llTB ~bJOR AUSTIN E. FRIBANCE
LIEUTENANT COLONEL \V. 1\1. VESTAL ~1.\Jon JOliN P. TRAYLOR, 0.0.
LIEUTENANT COLONEL ANDREW \V. CLEMENT CAPTAIN JULES 1\1. Ou PARe
FIRST LIEUTENANT \V. P. G. HALL
----------------------------------------------1
Switching facilities for time illten'al li1/es. The Switch- (3) PrO\'ision is made for the rapid substitution of an
board BD-IS has h<;."enused for many years in switching emergency source of time interval signals in case of
the time interval lines of harbor defense batteries. This the failure of the Time Interval Apparatus EE-86-
switchboard provides Facilities by means of which any of A, or during routine maintenance of that equip-
twenty time interval lines may be connected to a.ny of four ment.
circuits from a source of time interval signals. II all of the (4) The alaml circuit provides instant and positi\ e
time interval lines of each battery were connected in parallel notification to the switchboard attendant in case of
the switchboard would serve twenty batteries in a harbor a short circuit on any of the time interval lines.
deFense, but this arrangement is characterized by extreme (5) Signal lamps afford visual indication of the failure
lack of flexibility in switching individual lines. Further- of any of the time interval jack strips to receive its
more, the switchboard will accommodate simultaneously proper impulse.
only four of the eight different time interval signals avail- (6) The circuits arc arranged to permit easy and rapid
able from the Time Interval Apparatus EE-86-A testing and fault location.
The Coast Artillery Board initiated action in 1941 to
provide time interval switching Facilities adequate to pres- :\ considerable number of batteries are being constructed
ent-day needs of the harbor defenses. As a result of this in locations remote from established fire control switchboard
action, the Signal Corps has developed the Control Panel rooms. To provide adequate telephone and time interval
BD-74-H, for use in large fire control switchboard rooms, service to these batteries. small switchboard rooms are in-
and facilities similar to those in the Control Panel BD- cluded in the battery emplacement. These switchboard
74-H for application to switchboards in smaller hre control rooms usually are equipped with a single Switchboard BD-
switchboard rooms. 74-K. Time interval switching equipment providing facili-
The Control Panel BD-74-H consists of a Switchboard ties similar to those in the Control Panel BD-74-H have
BD-74-H and the apparatus and material necessary for the been developed for inclusion in this switchboard.
conversion to a time interval switchboard. The upper eight Standardization of the time interval switching equipment
jack strips of the board are used For time interval jacks and and approval of a basis of issue have been recommended
supervisory lamps, while the lower ten jack strips are by the Board. In the meantime, the equipment is being
utilized For connection to the time interval lines of the vari- provided as rapidly as possible by the Signal Corps on the
ous batteries. The lines of each battery are connected to basis of known requirements.
cut-off jacks, which are wired in parallel and connected Emplacing 90mm Anti-motor Torpedo Boat- Batteries.
through the left-hand jack of the group to the line carrying Several recent requests for emergency fire control scales for
the normal time interval of the battery. Provision is made 90mm anti-motor torpedo boat batteries have been received
For applying time interval signals received from a local or wherein it was indicated that the guns were not emplaced at
remote emergency source, in case of failure of the EE-86-A the same or approximately the same height of site. A situ-
in the switchboard room. l\laterials for fuze, Fuze alarm, and ation of this kind leads to difficulties in determining firing
test circuits are provided. elevations for each gun. In order to gain the desired accuracy
The Control Panel BD-74-H is considered to have the assuming the situation discussed above, individual eleva-
following advantages: tions must be determined for each gun, thereby unduly
(I) All time interval lines for each battery are grouped complicating the fire control system being used.
together and, when appropriately labeled, are identi- The most practical solution to this problem is considered
hable at a glance without recourse to switchboard to be the emplacement of the guns within height of site
room records. limits of plus or minus 1.5 feet where practicable, makin
(2) Time interval lines can be switched quickly and ac- possible the determination of only one elevation an
curatelv in response.-!2 telephoned requ~ts. t~erebJ' ~voiding undesirable inaccuracies. This solutio
g 3
tso is consistent
rapid fire armament.
COAST :\RTILLERY BOARD ~OTES
with standard seacoast artillery practice for

Base-end daUl trmls11lission system. Equipment for the

automatic and continuous transmission of base-end data is
rooms, II5-,'olt. 6O-cyde alternating current normally will
be available, a power unit permitting operation of the sets
from such a power source is being developed. In addition.
special antenna equipment to improve the performance of
47

nder manufacture and initial allotments are ready for the sets in typical fire control installations is under de,'e1op-
distribution. ment.
The Azimuth Transmitters 1\17and ~18 are intended for Jlodificmion of P01l'er Rmllmer for 16-inch Barbette
pplication to the Azimuth Instrument 1\11910 anc De- Carriages ,\I-l alld ,\15. The Ordnance Department has
$SionPosition Finder 1\ II, respectively. \ Vhen the instru- been requested to modify the power rammers now provided
ments are modified by the installation of the data transmit- for 16-inch Barbette Carriages 1\14 and i\ 15 by the addition
rs they will be known as the Azimuth Instrument i\ 12 of an unstroking device for the withdrawal stroke. Service
i Depression Position Finder i\ 12, respectively. tests of an experimental model of this unstroking device
Radio for emergency trmtS1llissiOIl of base-clld data. The indicate that it effectively stops the rammer at the end of
vulnerability of fire control telephone lines to damage from the \\ ithdrawal stroke and pre\'ents creeping of the rammer
shell fire, bombing, enem)' raids and sabotage has long been head. This unstroking device is entirely automatic. once the
ecognized. \Vhile the possibility of damage can be reduced correct setting is obtained.
y intelligent planning of cable and field wire lines and by It is expected that instructions lor the adjustment. main-
suitable construction practices, combat experience has tenance and operation of the complete power ram mer will
shown that even a well planned and constructed system can be available at an early date.
be disrupted under intensive ground and aerial attack. In Insertioll of prilllers' ill firillg l1lechanisms of 6-inch Guns
a notable instances of the present war, communication 1\11903, i\1l905 (:lId T2. Pending the revision of F1\I 4-20
with base-end stations was lost early in the action and the and AR 750-10, the following operations may be performed
effectiveness of fire control was gre~tly reduced. in accordance with approved safety precautions:
After several months of stlfdy and test of a considerable (1) During the operations of loading and firing 6-inch
number of types of radio sets, both frequency-modulated guns 1\11903, 1\ 11905, and T2, electric primers may be in-
and amplitude-modulated, the Coast Artillery Board has serted while the breech block is open.
recommend~d the issue of the Radio Sets SCR-61O and (2) During the operations of loading and firing 6-inch
SCR-S08 for the emergency transmission of base-end data, guns 1\ 11903, 1\11905 and T2, friction and percussion type
and for communication with forward observers during primers will not be inserted until the breech block has been
andward firing by seacoast artillery batteries. \Vhile the closed and locked.
SCR-61O is considered the most suitable of the sets tested A.uxiliary Azimutll Scales for Plotting Boards. The sta-
for use at base-end stations and bv forward observers, this tion arm couplers on the i\ 13 and 1\ 14 type plotting boards
set is not available at present for issue to seacoast artillery vary in length from .75 inch to 25 inches. \Vhenever the
rganizations, and the Radio Set SCR-828 has been substi- azimuth from the observing station to the target is within
uted. The SCR-808 is considered suitable for use at the about 15 degrees of the azimuth, or back azimuth, from the
plotting rooms of both mobile and fixed seacoast artillery station to the directing gun, the coupler is nearly in line with
batteries. These sets are frequency-modulated and operate the station arm and it is difficult accurately to position the
In a frequency range far removed from that of the amp li- arm in direction. In order to correct this defect, all future
tude-modulated radio sets used in seacoast artillery com- 1\ 13 and 1\14 plotting boards will have azimuth sub-scales
mand networks. Consequently, no interference with the mounted in the board. The auxiliarv azimuth scale is a
latter network can result. metal strip in the form of an arc and is'countersunk into the
The issue of sufficient sets to each harbor defense battery surface of the plotting board near the outer periphery. The
of caliber six inches and above to provide communication scale is marked in azimuth and oriented exactly in respect
k> two separate baselines (or three contiguous baselines) has to the main azimuth circle. In operating the board, the ann
been recommended. For mobile seacoast artillery batteries, setter sets azimuth by means of the standard index box until
fficient equipment to provide communication to two con- the azimuth is nea; the zone where previous tests have
tiguous baselines has been recommended. \Vhile the basis shown that inaccurate azimuths are obtained. He then be-
issue has not been determined finally, it appears that the gins setting the fiducial edge of the station arm directly on
ts will be issued on the basis recommended, at first to the auxiliary azimuth scale, holding the index box un-
ganizations serving outside the continental limits of the clamped from the main azimuth circle. This process is con-
nited States. Sufficient equipment for training purposes, tinued until the station arm has passed through the zone of
least, probably will be authorized organizations within inaccuracies.
e United States. The scales are being manufactured with an arc of twenty
The Radio Sets SCR-808 and SCR-828 are designed for degrees. The greatest accuracy in reading the sub-scale is
ration from vehicular storage batteries. For this reason, obtained with the scale for the shortest coupler link, the
R-808's used bv forward observers in landward firing accuracy decreasing with the increase in the length of the
ust remain in vehicles in defiladed positions near the ob- coupler link.
ation posts. The Board has recommended that a remote Since available facilities are being used for the production
trol unit permitting transmission from a field telephone of new 1\13and M4 plotting boards to meet present require-
the observer's position be provided. ments, there may be delay in supplying azimuth sub-scales
Since, at harbor defense base-end stations and plotting for earlier boards.
* * *********** •••• *** * ...
•
•
Coast Artillery Journal •
Fifly.ucond Year of PJlbJicJJion
•
COLO~EL FREDERIC A. PRICE, Editor
•
LT. COL. ARTHUR SY)IOXS, Associate Editor
• ~~mm~~mmmm)rnllll)illlll)1II1111111111111illllllllm)llIIllllll)mllllllll)11II1II11IIillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllffillii
"fASTER SERGEA.~T CHARLES R. "IILLER.
•
Circulation Manag'er •
• New Editor Repons
• Under the provisions of the 60 year regulation, the pres-
• ent Editor of the JOURNALis reliewd from that duty with
.. • the publication of this issue ..
.. • Colonel Eugene B. \Valker, C.A.c., has reported for
• duty and becomes the next Editor of the COASTARTILLER
• JOl;n."'AL.
The JOURNAL prints articles on subjects of profes- .. f f f
sional and general interest to officers of all the com-
•
.. ponents of the Coast Artillery Corps in order to Stuka "All Done"?
.. stimulate thought and provoke discussion. However,
opinions expressed and conclusions drawn in articles .. The Stuka dive bomber is "all done," in the opinion of
.. are in no sense official. The)' do not reflect the opin-
ions or conclusions of any official or branch of the .. an Antiaircraft battalion commander whose unit destroyed
'Var Department •
• at least seventy-eight enemy planes with "probables" ~n-
The JOURNAL does not carry paid advertising. The • ning the score up over a hundred in the Tunisian cam-
JOURNAL pa)'s for original articles upon publica-
tion. Manuscripts should be addressed to the Editor. • paign .
The JOURNAL is not responsible for manuscripts
unaccompanied by return postage .
• 'The Stubs are slow, easy to catch and easy to hit," said
Lieutenant Colonel John C. Smith on his return to Anny
•
* * * * * * * * * * * * * ......... * .... Ground Forces [[eadquarters. "[ think the Stuka is all
• done," he said. "Our antiaircraft stuff scared the Stukas,
The United States Coast .. who found it too costly to come too close to us: There were
• lots of them at first, but very few at El Guettar."
Artillery Association
• Colonel Smith's unit, activated at Fort Sheridan, Illinois,
OFFICERS .. under the Antiaircraft Command at Richmond, Virginia,
~lAJOR GENERAL J. A. GHEEN
.. went into action early .
• "vVe got one plane right from the landing barge when
PRESIDENT
.. we were moving off the boats, and ten more on the shore
BRIG. GENERAL DONALD B. ROBINSON
• while we were covering the infantry and artillery while
VICE-PRESIDENT • they landed," Colonel Smith said.
COLONEL FREDEHlC A. PRiCE
• "\Ve did a lot of covering work. At one time we used our
SECRETARY-TREASURER ,.• half tracks to pull the artillery into position and then stayed
.. •
to protect them from air attack while they pounded the
.. ADDITIONAL MEl\lBERS OF THE EXECUllVE COUNCIL
L. CARRINGTON •
enemy with heavy shells .
.. BRIG. GENERAL GORDON DE
BRIG. GENERAL H. N. HERRICK .. "A lot of the antiaircraft units were in the rear and so did
not have the opportunity to score that we had. Our battaliQn
BRIG. GENERAL DANIEL 'vV. HICKEY, JR. • is credited with 78 enemy planes officially destroyed and our
BRIG. GENERAL RALPH C. TOBIN • total will run well over J 00 with our 'probables.' "
COLONEL HENRY 1. ELLERBE
A.
• Colonel Smith pointed out that it isn't always easy to de-
COLONEL FREDERIC
LT. COLONEL JOlIN J. SPARKMAN
PRICE
• termine the success of antiaircraft fire by on-the-scene ob-
• servation .
• "I recall one day when we were in position on an airfield,'
•
.. Colonel Smith said, "and five Me 109's came over and
bracketed our gun pits. They strafed everything in sight.
•.. Later I went to the positions and bawled out the gun creW
The purpose of the Association shall be to promote
the efficiency of the Coast Artillery Corps by main- for not knocking down a single plane. An observer said he
taining its standards and traditiOllS, by disseminating .. had noted one hit on one plane.
professional knowledge, by inspiring greater effort "Later investigation showed that two of the planes
towards the improvement of materiel and methods of
• crashed just over nearby mountains, and a third crashed
training and by fostering mtltual understanding, re- •,. twenty miles farther. That was good shooting-three out oil
spect and cooperation among all arms, branches ana ,. five. They didn't bother us after that.
components of the Regular Army, National Guard,
Organized Reserves, and Reserve Officers' Training
,. "Thirty-three enemy planes dived on us during the ~a
Corps. • push," Colonel Smith continued, "and we claimed

................. - .... probable. A little further along their course only twen
planes were sighted. \Ve never found out what happen
 ~E\\'S A~D CO:-'I:\IE~T
tho~e 'missing thirteen,' \\'e don't claim we got thirteen. tions: the 47th A1\.\ Group. Colonel John L. CoHo com-
t we don't know what happened to them." manding. accounted lor fi,'e. Batten' :\. 426th CA(AA)
Colonel Smith told of an officer who knocked down Bn., Li~utenant James J. Cardo, com~landing. ordered five
yen planes in three hours of fighting, the affair resulting new subscriptions.
two attacks, each about an hour and a half long. Last-minute entries included five subscriptions from Cap-
'\ \' e used' our antiaircraft guns on machine gun nests tain D. F. Bresnan for members of Battery F, 22d CoaSt
'th (Treat
v
success," Colonel Smith said, "and found we Artillerv; thirteen from Lieutenant Endicott A Batchelder
re kept very busy as we moved along with the troops. In for me~bers of l\lajor Francis C. Howland's 642d AAA
, we covered the rear guard during the Kasserine Pass A\V Bn., and eight from Lieutenant Benjamin H. :-'lead,
ttle and found lots of activity. Jr., for memhers of the 572d AAA A\\1 Bn,
'Initially in the campaign th~re was plenty of dive bomb- f f f
, but toward the end there was very little. I don't think
The Me 323
)' enemy planes got back from the last raid.
"\Ve had excellent equipment, and we were right up The 1\le. 323, the big German transport plane which has
ere where the planes were flying thick, which permitted been described as "a powered glider," and was used by the
to establish our record." enemy towards the end of the campaign in Africa, can, it is
now officially disclosed, mount up to eighteen 7.9mm ma-
chine-guns.
Not so Slow
It can carry a three-ton truck, a light tank, or 100 troops,
August and September are usually considered slow During the last days of the Tunisia fighting, Allied planes
onths in the JOURNAL'SCirculation Department, but this on one occasion shot down twenty-one , of these aircraft in
r there was no slow-down in Sergeant 1\liller's bailiwick. ten minutes.
Jonel \V. C. McFadden, commanding the 61st Coast Cheapness of production is the main feature of manu-
rtillery, was as usual a one-man circulation campaign, facture, for the aircraft is constructed mainlv of steel tubes
bmitting in separate communications since the Jast issue and plywood, and is fabric covered ..
nt to press, groups of seven, eight, three, and two sub- The 1\Ie. 323 is six-engined and has a span of 181 feet
iptions. Long ago we lost track of the total number of and a length of 93 feet 4 inches. It was developed from the
bscriptions Colonell\lcFadden has sent in over a period Me. 321 glider, and has. in fact. almost an identical airframe.
many years. The engines are Gnome-Rhone 14-cylinder, two-row,
The largest single order since the last issue came from radials of 965 h.p. at 13,200 feet, which give it a maximum
e 166th AA Gun Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel lames speed of approximately 170 m.p.h. at sea level.
, Mozzey, commanding .. Major Charles \tv. Aufgang, Normal crew consists of two pilots, a radio operator, and
'ecutive, signed the letter of transmittal for twenty-four two engineers.-London Daily Mail.
bscriptions, which made the unit a member of the select
% group. Another 100% group was Battery C, 1st Bat-
ion, 202d CA(AA). The Battalion, commanded by AA Marching Song
eutenant Colonel \ Vallace \V. Elliot, sent in ten sub- Several delayed arrivals of entries from distant APOs
'ptions, including the three necessary to make C Battery have in turn delayed the final judging of submitted songs.
%. Fifty entries of combined words and music have been re-
The 102d CA Bn. (AA), Major Edward Hogan, com- ceived and will be judged in competition. The next issue
nding, sent in ten subscriptions; the 833d AAA A\tV Bn., of the JOURNALwill carry the words and music of the win-
utenant Colonel Thomas A. Baker, commanding, ac- ning AA Marching Song.
nted for seven. Chief \tVarrant Officer Louis J. Cava
ned the letter which accompanied six new subscriptions
the Harbor Defenses of San Diego; \tVarrant Officer British Mission CO Cooperate Against Japs
nior Grade George T. Murnock did the same for the Maximum British cooperation with the United States in
1st AAA Gun Battalion's list of ten subscriptions. Lieu- future operations against Japan is now being planned by a
ant John A. McMichen, Adjutant of the 601st CA(AA), special British 1\lilitary, Naval, and Air Mission, headed by
mitted five orders. The Commanding Officer of the Major-General J. S. Lethbridge, Royal Engineers, which
1st. Colonel H. A. l\1c1\lorrow, has been giving Colonel has recently arrived in \Vashington.
Fadden a close race o\'er a period of years. General Lethbridge and his staff are engaged in the study
Major M. A Gross, commanding the 2d Bn. of the of all problems of tactics, weapons, supply, transport, com-
1st CA(AA), submitted five subscriptions and some re- munications, and medical services connected with the war
als in a personal letter to one of the JOURNALstaff, against Japan, other than future operational planning.
g with some helpful suggestions concerning what the The mission will learn at first-hand the latest American
ibers at his APO would like to see in the magazine. experience of the Pacific \Var, and its members will visit
l\lajor's suggestions coincided with what the editorial military and naval establishments throughout the country
ff has been trying to present-more information from our with this object in view. On completion of its studies in
-Hung outposts. the U. S., the mission will leave for the Pacific war theatres
he 476th AAA A\V Bn., Lieutenant Colonel F. T. to observe the fighting against the Japanese on the spot, and
nberg, Commanding, sent along twelve new subscrip- will be able to assess the problems in greater detail as a result
50 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-

of its experience in the combat zones. In this way it will tack. Spare torpedoes are carried on the deck as well as
be able to lay the logistical foundations for the British con- the torpedo compartment forward. There is no basis for
tribution to future campaigns against the Japanese. ports of engines of a novel design having been ad
The mission was formed following ;\ Ir. Churchill's of of of
Guildhall speech of June 30, 1943 in which he promised
Training Navy AA Gunners
that when Gennany had been crushed in Europe "e\'ery
man. every ship, and every airplane in the King's service A new and startling realistic scientific training d
that can be moved to the Pacific will be sent and there invented to advance the 0Javy's program to make its
maintained in action by the people of the British Common- aircraft gunners the most deadly in the world, has been
wealth and Empire. into use. The new device creates within' a rSmall. blae
of of of out room the illusion of aerial bombing and strafing,
steels our men to stand up and fight the surprise
CAC Colonels to Brigadier General
frightfulness of such attacks. The "hell on wings cham
Seven colonels of the Coast ..\rtillery Corps were nomi- as some Navy men call it, has proved valuable at the a
nated for promotion to the temporary rank of brigadier aircraft training and test center at Dam Neck. a bl
general September 28: Edward Barber, \ Villiam R. 0:ichols, isolated stretch of beach on the Atlantic Ocean.
Harold R. bckson. 0:athaniel ,\. Bumell. 2d. Thomas R. The Navy is rushing installation of similar units at t
Phillips, R~leigh R. Hendrix, and Frank C. 1\ lcConnell. destroyer-escort crew training school and other units \\ ill
of of of
set up at other training stations throughout the Uni
States and at our outposts from Bermuda to New Caledo
Heavy Naval Losses An amplifier and super-projector reproduce on a gi
London, July 10 (AP).-Losses which "may well prove screen the sound and three dimensional sight of spe
fatal" to Japan's navy are noted along with an amazing in- ing planes-dive bombers, torpedo bombers, high-altit
crease in United States naval power in the latest issue of bombers, fighters. A "machine gun" faces the screen,
"Jane's Fighting Ships." (The volume went to press before instead of shooting bullets it stabs electrical "tracers" at t
announcement of the losses inAicted on the Japanese fleet in darting, roaring planes. An automatic computer records t
the recent fighting in the Solomons,) hits and misses and a light flashes at the end of the "rn
"Japan continues to make free use of her cruisers and chine gun" when the trainee scores a hit.
destroyers in the Pacific, undeterred by her heavy losses. A major advantage of the device, Lieutenant Command
The most serious of these was the destruction in the Battle Philip D. Gallery, commanding officer of the Dam N
of 1\ lidway of the aircraft carriers Akagi, Kaga, H irYll. This training center, explained, is its economy. Although
blow, added to the previous sinking of the R)'lIkakll, has im- units cost about $20,000 to manufacture, they make it
posed a handicap which in the long run may well prove to sible for trainees to fire the equivalent of 100,000 twen
be fatal to Japan's naval aspirations." om shells a day. This saves about $15,000 to $20,000
Of the United States naval program, Janes says: approximately the cost of the machine) each day.
'Though full details are not available of the enormous 'This is the nearest thing possible to standing on
expansion of the United States Navy, "Fighting Ships" has deck of a destroyer and getting dive-bombed and strafed
been able to secure sufficient data to show the rapid strides the officer shouted over the roar of a "dive bomber" that
that are being made with its war construction programs. All a whizzing black shape on the screen. The trip-hammer
six ships of the \IFashillgtoll class are now in service and the the electric machine gun drowned out any further w
45,000-ton Iowa and New Jersey are to be commissioned in A trainee stood swinging the gun and sending electric da
1943 .. against the split second target. "Up, up!" barked the inst
" ... Every exertion is being made to press on with the tor. "Left, down, down! you didn't lead him, you were
many new aircraft carriers that are in hand. mile away. Next man!" The next man stepped up, a maw
"So far four carriers of the Essex class (25,000 tons) and A torpedo bomber swooped in low, pulled up sharply an
six of the Independence class (10,000 tons) have been "climbed" with exciting effect. The other trainees strai
launched, and several of them are believed to be in commis- forward in their seats as they watched the marine pep
sion. The progress on new cruisers, destroyers, submarines away at the torpedo plane and other "ships" which twist
and smaller vessels is scarcely less remarkable." tumed, and dived. The instructor kept up his running fi
The war loss section of the new book compared with the of shouted instructions.
194\ volume shows substantial losses by all major belliger- The Army has heard about the machine. It apparen
ents. In most cases, the book points out, the losses charged thinks so well of it that each day it sends over a differe
against enemy fleets are likely to be much lower than they crew of soldiers on a 60-mile round trip to practice du .
actually are, since the publication pursues a conservative the one hour of the day Co~mander Gallery's charges
policy in listing losses. not using it.-Chicago Tribune:
Of German U-boats "Fighting Ships" says, a "notable of of l'
feature of the recent German submarine design is that the
double-hull form which was used in the larger U-boats in A New Requisite for Promotion
1914-1918 has been discarded in favor of the single-hull The British emphasize the importance of equipme
type. This simplifies and accelerates construction, although conservation so strongly that they have established it as
it increases the U-boat's \'ulnerability to depth charge at- prerequisite to promotion.
 ~E\VS AND COl\ll\lE~T 51
A Brigadier on duty in ~orth Africa has recently testified morale. but for ultimate dlicit'IH:) w,Hch the garbage. the
t their campaign driving westward from Egypt to roadside ditches, the open fields where men and H.-hides
isia pro\'ided their greatest field test for British rolling ha\'e passed by.
'pment. ~ hnor troubles had to be solved on the spot, Garrison, maneuver or battle-waste and gl\'e to the
irs made, and the vehicles kept rolling along. Incapaci- enemy; conseryc and use against him.
motor \'ehicles meant reduced fire-power and man-
« « «
er. In that fast-mm'ing drama that spelled the doom of
A-.;is in ~orth Africa there could be no lessening of ef- A Bouquet
ti\'e Allied power due to \'ehicular attrition that was not The sun shont brighter around the JOllfu"AL oHice the
arable, All personnel had to be inoculated with the day \\e recei\'l'C1 till' following from '\lajor Herman \V.
essity of conserving the life of every form of equipment. Pontius, CAC: " ... please apply check (for orerpa:-
ur own men arc famous all over the world for their mellt) to continue my subscription to June, 1945; as long
erino0, skill. Thev are mechanicallv , minded. \ Ve also as I am a Coast. \rtillery officer I want the JOURNAL. I think
e the reputation in peacetime of being prodigal in waste. it is indispensable to an) Coast r\rtilleryman. It is a fine
he American's natural attitude that "there is more piece of work."
re that came from" must be changed upon entry into l' l'
l'
ice to "conserve the nail. the shoe, the truck, and hasten
tory. " Tinfoil Bombardment
Pr~ventive 1\ laintenance should be the creed of every The British h3\'e shown that they are accomplished
tructor, It is not enough that men should be taught masters in the fine art of inventing little tricks which (lri\'e
\ to operate-they must be taught how to maintain. Axis technicians to despair.
ether small arms or 16" riAe-whether a shoe or prime They gave one demonstration of their inventiveness dur-
ver-every fighting weapon, every article of transporta- ing the naval battle off 1\ lontevideo which culminated in
must be efficiently maintained. \"eapons are no good the scuttling of the Graf Spec. For many months after that
ansportation, whether foot or vehicle, has failed. battle experts wondered about the bad shooting on the pan
'The litter that an Army leaves behind should present of the Germans until the British re\'ealcd whm they had
first task for an inspector. done ..
Spit and Polish" is fine as an aid to build and maintain It had been so simple, nohody had thought of it. \\,11(,11-

A Russian armored AA train, used near Leningrad.

 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-
ever a sah-o from the turret guns of the German pocket possible to tune in to a short-wave radio program
battleship was due to fall the British vessels let go with all Europe.
their depth charge throwers. The Germans could not see The neutralizer uses small electronic tubes in such a
that. but they did see the big splashes made by the exploding that they are automatically adjusted to each radio sig
depth charges. whether weak or strong. These tubes discriminate bet
0:aturally, they ascribed them to their own shells-and static and the desired signal, and automatically control.
these splashes made so confusing a pattern that the Ger- amount of static energy which can pass through the
man's "corrected" their fire in iust as confused a manner . less set. A detection control circuit eliminates static w .
. -P.' I. louder than the incoming signal. The device is so c
f f f that it can be attached to any wireless set.-LondC»l T
Spots AA Fire at Target f f
A recent German air raid over Britain was watched from Of Historical Interest
.
the air bv a Staff brioadier from AA Command, who was
(:)

carrying out an inspection of the area when the German

Iwlimz Artillery:
planes attacked. He instructed his pilot to circle the fringes Coast Artillery-Italy's coast artillery consists of rail
of the barrage at 12,000 feet while he made close obser- cannon, pern1anently fixed cannon, and a few heavy fi
vations on the effectiveness of the defenses. cannon, in addition to machine guns and antiaircraft
The last time this brigadier had such an opportunity was non. Former naval guns have been used for the rail
during the Battle of Britain. artillery, which has been partly protected by armor.
He reportecftto his Commander-in-Chief that, seen from cording to Militiir-\Vochenblatt, No. 49, 1942, they h
the air, the improvement in the aim and density of the anti- an unlimited lateral field of fire.
aircraft fire was "most remarkable."-London Daily Mail. 2lcm Mortars-The 21cm Ansaldo L/22 1\lodel

f f l'
split trail. Its elevation varies between °
mortar adopted in Italy has- a screw type breech block <
degrees and p
70 degrees; its traverse covers 75 degrees. \Vith a projec
British AA Battery
weighing 101 kilograms and an initial vclocity of 5
The British AA Batterv, mentioned in the JOURNAL'S meters per second, a maximum range of 16,000 meter
Activities section as being ;t Camp Davis, was last reported attained. The gun, which has a firing weight of 15,
in the New York City area, where it was staging demonstra- kilograms, is transported as a single or double load.
tions for units of the Eastern Defense Command. Parades, gun when traveling as a single load weighs 15,780
ceremonies, and entertainments honoring the visiting or- grams; the barrel on its transporting vehicle weighs 8,
ganization were scheduled. kilograms. The gun carriage alone weighs 10,800
grams. In mountains, according to Nazione Militare,
f f f
gun is broken down into four loads and loaded on four
Radio Interference Eliminated hicles with caterpillar treads.-(Artilleristische Rllndsc/
The invention of a completely successful device for Translated in the AIilitary Review.
eliminating static interference with radio reception is an- f f
nounced by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company.
Called "the radio-station neutralizer," the device was dis- Christmas Mailing
covered by 1\lr. Gilbert J. Candrisen, a research physicist Christmas packages to personnel abroad will be accep
who spent several years developing it. for mailing until October 15 for the Army; and untill
It is expected to find immediate application on bomber vember 1 for the Navy.
and fighter aircraft, warships of all sizes, tanks, command In this connection, it might be well to mention 0
cars, and wherever else radio is used. It is expected also more that the JOURNALcannot accept gift magazine s
to impro\'e the electrical device for detecting enemy aircraft scriptions for personnel outside the continental limits of
and ships, as well as the transmission by wireless of pictures United States unless a letter from the person who is to
and maps. ceive the magazine, requesting the subscription, accom
The neutralizer not only keeps static from interfering nies the order.
with radio reception, but actually converts the electrical en- l' l'
ergy of static into useful work. In a demonstration held
yesterday at the company's plant at Akron, Ohio, it was British AA Record
proved that the neutralizer could reduce to a bare whisper A German reconnaissance plane flying at 36,000
man-made electrical disturbances more powerful than the suffered a direct hit from a 3.7 AA shell, and crashed in
greatest storms of thunder and lightning. In one test a 25,- South of England. The machine was thought to be a !
OOO-voltspark from the ignition system of an engine was 109G, a new type. The aircraft was escorted by
projected directly upon the antennae of a wireless receiving fighters. A "i\lixed Battery" (men and women) made
set. The device so effectivelv neutralized this that it was kill.
 Officers and men at Fort Funston are enjoying cinema
orthern California Sector fare nightly. now that the new recreation building is in use.
BRIGADIER GENERAL HALPII E. I LUNES, Assistant Sector Latest films are presented and the building is also available
Commander for Harbor Defense Troops for dances. lectures, demonstrations and church services.
Scores of enlisted men throughout the defenses were
Scores of artillerymen of the Harbor Defenses of San awarded good conduct medals at ceremonies held in August
rnncisco returned ~o their respecti\'e batteries August first by the various batteries. Hibbons were presented by Colonel
hen the regimental Noncommissioned Officers' school James C. Hutson, Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Hawkins
osed its second six weeks of strenuous training at Fort and Lieutenant Colonel Richard R. J\loorman.
infield Scott. Addition of a second mobile canteen to the Fort \Vinfield
In addition to intensive schooling in coast artillery work, Scott Post Exchange has greatly improved service to out-
e men were gi\"Cn considerable infantry instruction. In- lying Coast Artillery units scattered over the Bay Area.
luded were the nomenclature, functioning and firing of J\ lost of the larger detachments get five day a week service
all arms, use of hand grenades. rifle grenades and bay- now and it has proved possible to extend the territory
nets, and defense against chemical warfare. They also covered.
arned to handle .30 and .50 caliber machine guns. In some cases field conditions have been simulated when
Particular attention was given to physical conditioning the perambulating Post Exchanges find troops on routine
ith the future noncommissioned officers getting strenuous marches. The mobile stores cover all of San Francisco, visit
ercise sessions and making at least one trip a day over the the East Bay region and dip down into San i\hteo County
mmando course. to the south.
Officers and men from all over the Harbor Defenses have Receipt of 1,500 new books from Fort Douglas, Utah,
en flocking to the Red Cross Blood Bank weekly in a and an overhauling of the books in the Fort \Vinfield Scott
contribution campaign organized by Tile Golden Library have resulted in establishment of a library service to
ate Gllardian, camp newspaper. There is an average of batteries throughout the Harbor Defenses. Boxes of books
irty men in each group, with one and usually two groups are left at each battery on a bi-weekly basis. A "balanced
. iting the bank each week. fare," with handicraft and fiction emphasized, goes into each
Batteries at Forts Funston, Baker, Milev, Cronkhite and box.
rrv have vied with those at Fort \Vinfi~ld Scott in offer- Plans are to get the Fort \Vinfield Scott Library, which
;nore men than called for. More than a thousand pints was closed temporarily, back into operation soon.
blood have been contributed since the regular blood bank Dogs from the K-9 Corps are on duty at Fort SCOtt
'ts began. nightly, helping guard key spots against intruders. Keenly
New regimental commander in the Harbor Defenses is alert for irregular noises, the dogs have added appreciably
lonel James C. Hutson, who succeeded Colonel Felix to security precautions on the post.
. Usis in mid-July. Formation of an Armed Forces Entertainment Commit-
Brigadier General Ralph E. l-Iaines' name topped the list tee for this area is expected to result in the distribution of
entrants in the officers' doubles tennis tourney scheduled entertainment to isolated batteries and positions throughout
get under way in August. The Harbor D~fense com- the Harbor Defenses of San Francisco.
nder was teamed with Captain \Villiam Epstein. \\'inner Occasional USO-Camp Shows, Inc., troupes have hit
the singles title was Major Fred C. \Veyand. adjutant, some of the outlying spots, but frequent appearances at all
rbor Defenses of San Francisco. batteries were impossible. Under the new setup more and
An ambitious program designed to teach every man in better-known talent is expected to be trekking to the remote
Harbor Defense battalion how to swim has been areas.
ched bv Lieutenant Clarence \Vaidelich of a Fort \Vin- Entertainment as a whole in the Harbor Defenses has
d Scott battery, and First Sergeant \Villiam i\ lcFarland, been good, with sizeable usa troupes augmenting the
t l\1iley battalion headquarters. \Vhen the program is movies at Forts Funston, Scott, Baker and Barrv. Another
pleted, all the men will be able to swim a reasonable unit to play the area recently was the Camel Ca;avan. The
ance in fatigues and field pack. Some of the first to finish Red Cross Cookie Brigade will continue its welcome visits
course staged a demonstration at a Coast Guard water to all points.
ivaI August fifteenth. Hard working insurance officers have met with a high de-
gree of success in this territory, with 88 per cent o~ the siderably lengthened thus allowing the men more
tactical troops carrying GI insurance. Coverage a\'erages become better trained.
$9,618 per policy. 'Tis a very hot day that does not have a silver lining
An even higher percentage of men insured is recorded to take advantage of the closeness of excellent swil
by the Ninth Service Command Unit serving the Harbor facilities, a training program for the purpose of natat
Defenses, with 94 per cent. The average policy among these struction has been instituted. 1\lanv a hot and tired
men is $8,500. must admit that there is a pleasant 'side to training, pa
larly when it seems 110 degrees on the parade ground
\ "ith the lessening of quotas for OCS the impona
the ASTP program is being stressed with the resulr
many qualified men have been sent to take courses
that program.

Fort The all-military Post musical show "On Furlough

which \V AACs made their first appearance as Thesp"
was a great success, playing for five nights to crowded hou

Eustis in the largest theatre on the post. The entire book of t

musical was requested by the \Var Department for study
On the evening of the 18th of 1\lay a large audience.
military, naval and civilian guests saw the unveiling of
huge three-paneled mural in Service Club No.1. June 21s
was the anniversary of the second year of service by th'
nne club to the enlisted personnel of the post.
Sunday June 27 marked the 100th anniversary of t
death of General Abraham Eustis, in whose honor this P
BRIGADtER GENERAL JOlIN B. l'VIAYNARD, Commanding was named. General Eustis was largely responsible for th
By Lieutenant Samuel D. Swmm, Jr. sllccess which attended the foundation of the Coast Ani
lery School at Fort l\lonroe and thus may be said to be on
Brigadier General John B. Maynard, formerly Command- of the fathers of the Coast Artillery.
ing General of the Balloon Barrage Training School at Lieutenant Colonel Frederic \\1. Cook, CAC, Plans an
Camp T yson, Tenn., assumed command of the Antiaircraft T raining Officer for the 1st Group, was accorded a garriso
Replacement Training Center here on \Vednesday July review June 30, 1943 in his honor to commemorate his r
21st, succeeding Brigadier General Edward A. Stockton, Jr. tirement after thirty-eight years of service.
On Friday August 6 Robert P. Patterson, Under Secre- The first half of the Post softball tournament was won b
tary of \Var, accompanied by Lieutenant General William the MP Detachment, while Headquarters Battery AART
S. Knudsen, Director of Production, Office of the Under was crowned champion of the AARTC. One of the out
Secretary of "Var; and Major General Joseph A. Green, standing sports events of Fort Eustis was the Post Boxin
Commanding General, Antiaircraft Command, Army Tournament in which it was particularly noted that a spiri
Ground Forces, were present for a garrison review of the of good sportsmanship prevailed throughout all the contests
men and materiel of Fort Eustis in honor of the Under Sec- September 4th marked the first anniversary of the found
retary. ing of The Shy.\Vatc11, Fort Eustis newspaper. A specia
In spite of increasingly hot weather the training program sixteen-page anniversary issue of the publication with a pic
is keeping up its rigorous pace. Officers and men who have tured history of the post since the newspaper has been iT
completed training are physically and mentally alert to the existence was issued to commemorate the occasion.
multiple problems of antiaircraft. Increasing emphasis is
being placed on training crews to engage promptly low-
flying planes.
In order to harden truck drivers to actual battle conditions
a simulated battle course has been set up and truck drivers
are taken in the black of night on a mental conditioning
10.3 mile drive for 60 minutes through land mines, blasts,
smoke and explosions in a blackout. The drive is the high
point of five weeks of training behind the wheels of the
~lotor Pool's vehicles. After this hour of concentrated battle
conditioning, the drivers have an excellent idea of the
noises and annoyances of a night convoy under enemy ob-
<;ervation.
So that the men of their commands may not be without
training for a trip through an infiltration course, many of
the Battalions have been constructing their own infiltration
courses as a preliminary to the root-spiked, stump-studded,
sky-roofed bit of actual battleground known as the Post In-
filtration Course. Photo b" Oorporal O«>r[Jt ,l. r
As of the 28th of July, the training period has been con- Battle course for truck-drivers.
 An industrial home. small commUnItIes, the Kaneohe
~a\'al Air Station. and papaya fields are passed. Then
the procession mounts to the top of the Pali. From that
eminence the view of the sea, mountain ranges. and country-
side is truly striking: in fact, the best one on the Island of
Oahu. Years back, round-the-world travelers voted it one of
the loveliest sights in the Pacific. At this height, soldiers dis-
cover that wind currents are very powerful.
"'ear the close of the trip, soldiers are taken to a summit
overlooking the famous blow-hole. Ocean waves gather
force. rush against a mass of rock, and force their way up
through an aperture. A thin geyser of water shoots upward.
:ADlER GE~ERAL ROBERT C. GARRETT, Com1llmlding Easily the highlight of the day's journey is a pause at the
By Captain Donald E. Barrett beautifull\lormon Temple. It's one of the island's most rest-
ful and interesting spots. Souvenirs, paintings, and pictures
!ler or later, almost all Coast Artillerymen make a full meet the eye in the front building. Then you ascend a grad-
lOur of the island of Oahu and see its interesting sights. uallv-c1imbino flioht of steps. In the center is runninoo water.
,1:>1:>
v pile on trucks, pack away picnic lunches and soft To the right and left are trees, shrubbery, and well-kept
k5. and set forth from their post early in the morning. grass. In a moment, you have reached the entrance to the
0\\ n the Kam highway, past bustling Pearl Harbor, and
temple itself. Only the most faithful rvIormons arc permitted
Igh cane fields and across pineapple plantations, roll the to go inside this sanctuary.
a\' excursionists. Off to their left and to their right, here At the end of the trip, soldiers are tired but well pleased
there. they observe Hawaiian taro patches. Barefooted and stimulated over the day's outing. It has added to their
ders in their simple garb, cultivate these fields. interest in the Island of Oahu, given them a first-hand pic-
ear Schofield, the red dirt for which the area is noted ture of it, afforded them a chance to relax and make pictures
Dles very evident You are struck bv the orderliness and forget the routine of work. Thus it's easy to see that
pineappl~ rows. Clean, neat, and r~my cabins and these round-the-island tours accomplish a world of good.
ges are occupied by the workers. Plantation homes The Seacoast Artillery Command here is far from satis-
d off from the highway at a distance of several hundred fied with mere passive maintenance of this Island's big gun
s. Here centers all the activity of plantation life-busi- defenses.
, social, and otherwise. Here it is, on occasion, that Officers now take a specialized one month course in gun-
nation bands furnish music in the evening, dances are nery. In groups of twenty-four to thirty, they are attending
, and luaus enjoyed. Filipinos, Japanese, Chinese, Ha- daily classes to improve their technique in the deadly art of
lians, Puerto Ricans, and Portuguese work on these plan- blasting enemy vessels from the ocean.
ons. with the Filipinos and Japanese predominating. To be brought abreast of the latest developments in
ast the vast military reservation of Schofield Barracks gunnery. the officers' syllabus calls for 60 to 70% of their
into the land of sandy beaches, blue ocean, and lovely time to be spent at lectures and demonstrations. The re-
r skies soldiers travel. From mountain-top vantage-points mainder is devoted to work in the field.
y have witnessed the panorama of sea and skies: views of
Attention is paid principally to the operation of the bat-
king beauty. They have seen the Upside Down Falls- tery range section and the plotting room, the brain center
ich, due to tricky air currents, give the impression of of every cannon outfit. In drills and in actual firing of the
ing uphill. They have seen the ever-present hibiscus, batten', the officers man all the instruments normally
ht-blooming cereus, and other varieties of lovely Rowers. operated by their enlisted personnel.
ey have seen mountain passes, ranges of hills stretching Manning the instruments for test firing in a recent class,
the distance, thick forest retreats, and small canyons student officers scored thirteen hits out of fifteen rounds.
gorges.
Record target practice has improved all around the Island
ow they're ready to pause for a while, have a bite to as a result of this course.
and for a swim at one of the island's finest beaches.
\Vhen an officer is chosen to attend gunnery school, he is
this point on, the tour follows the coastline route.
fully relieved from battery duty for the thirty-day period.
:ven'one shows keen interest in the Korean and Filipino
ge;, in the Hawaiian shacks, and the fishing activity In addition, students are required to study from 7 p.m.
on here and there. Near their villages and places of to 9 p.m. in their quarters every night.
'tation a luau shack most likely will be spotted. It is Regardless of his regular assignment, every seacoast artil-
e that they kill the fatted pig and make merry for a lery officer must qualify in gunnery before winning pro-
e afternoon and night. motion. Staff and administrative lieutenants and captains,
I morning and into the afternoon the convoy of trucks as well as line officers, therefore sit side by side in the
been moving at a leisurely pace. Every opportunity is gunnery classroom.
the soldiers to take in the sights, snap pictures of non- Several f\ larine officers, experiencing a need for expert
ary scenes, and derive some first-hand knowledge of the gunnery instruction, have attended the "cannon college"
on which thev're stationed. All those who are curious and emerged from the course with honors. Three Leather-
t the berries a~d fruits growing near the roadside, are necks were on the roster of one class, seven in an earlier
the chance to sample them. course and one is enrolled at present.
 * *
* *
* *
*
:..f was the leader of that
lost cause, and from the bot-
*
tom of a seared and stricken
* *
heart I pray that a merciful
* God may not delay too long *
their redemption,. that the
* day of salvation be not so far *
removed that they perish,
* that it be not again too late."
*
* General Douglas MacArthur *
 allied range equipment was put on display. Each one of
visitors had opportunity to examine close at hand the
teriel employed by an antiaircraft artille~ ~nit, vehi
tools. tenting. radio equipment, armament. 1 he remark.
one plant manager was typical.
"\\'ell. I'll be darned," he exclaimed when he looked
the tool kit of an antiaircraft artillery half-track on di
''I've been makino those wrenches for a year and I al
sed",
Camp Edwards, AAA TC o
wondered iust how they were u .
Anothe~ president of a large war plant said, ""Ve
all ,-erv much interested as manufacturers to examine
BRIGADIER GENERAL 1\lORRIS C. HANDWERK. COlllllzmzdi1lg small details of equipment in the display at what the) ca
By Lielltella1lt Joh1l H. TJzortzto1l the County Fair Exhibition of the Antiaircraft Ani
Training Center. The men and officers are extremeh- p
Two hundred of the most high-powered rookies in the of their equipment as we are of making it."
world-this was the good fortune of the Antiaircraft Artillery Nor did darkness halt the inspection. for with the I1l
Training Center at Camp Edwards recently. But only for a came a reoularlv-scheduled searchlight drill and as the gr
day. It was all a part of one of the most unique and educa- fingers otlight' began their search through the ski~
tional civilian indoctrination programs yet attempted, when Cape Cod. the visiting industrialists were moving quit"t
representatives of the important Associated Industries of from control station to power plant to the light itself, I
Massachusetts organization were overnight guests of Briga- awe-filled silence at the skill and technical knowledge of t
dier General i\ 1. C. Handwerk, and observed how an anti- lowest private of the line in a searchlight battalion.
aircraft artilleryman is made by actually taking part in the It was a tired group which returned to the barracb ..be
training program at the AM TC; manning the guns, sleep- midnight and tumbled into the double decker bunh. Go
ing in the barracks, and performing KP. duty, and all the were the frayed neryes and jittery digestive syste~~s,a~ soon
routine of a typical enlisted man. as the weary business men hit the mattresses. I 0 mo~t i
The significant feature of the visit of the Associated In- seemed but a matter of minutes before the AAATC h,1n
dustries of l'vlassachusetts members lies in the fact that each
one of the business men is an outstanding leader in an im-
portant war industry. Many of those present at Camp Ed.
wards are today making the materiel which they handled
themselves and observed in action for the first time. As indi-
cated by Ira Mosher, of Southbridge, 1\lass., A.I.i\1. presi-
dent, and vice-president of the American Optical Co.,
speaking for the entire industrialist contingent: .
"There is considerable satisfaction in knowing Irom our
own personal experience that our Army is the best equipped
in the world, due to American manufacturers. From the
manufacturer's viewpoint it was particularly interesting to
see the many kinds of equipment. Both as manufacturers
and ordinary citizens, we were happy to see how well money
has been spent in purchase of this equipment. \Ve left camp
with highest admiration for the \Var Department's training
program."
The New England industrialist soldiers-for-a-day arrived
at Camp Edwards by special train and were met at the sid-
ing by trucks from the Antiaircraft Artillery Training
Center.
After they had been assigned barracks, they assembled in
a recreation hall and were officially welcomed by Brigadier
General Handwerk, training center commander.
Prior to mess, a few got their first taste of K.P. on a p0-
tato peeling detail while others among the managers, presi-
dents and vice-presidents assembled, made their first visit to
an Army post exchange.
Following their first G.I. meal, the "distinguished pri- •
vates" witnessed an impressive review on Camp Edwards'
Logan Field by a group made up of an automatic weapons,
gun and searchlight battalion on foot and a half-track bat-
talion motorized .
. ~~~~p
Later, on the parade ground, a "County Fair Exhibit" Some of the men who make the gum or their component p3
had been arranged by General Handwerk. Every type of members of the Associated Industries of Massachusetts, t
equipment from the .45 caliber pistol to the 90mm gun and versing a 40mm AA weapon.
 COAST ARTILLERY ACTIVITIES 59
four work-packed hours as soldiers of the line, they were
"com'inced that a remarkable spirit of teamwork between
enlisted men and officers and the executi\'es and personnel
in war industries has made the American armv the best
eguipped in the world." ,
Letters of appreciation for the opportunity to visit the
training center are still being received by General Hand-
werk from the industrialists, themselves one of the most vital
factors in the success of the war effort.
One manager of a large electrical manufacturing plant,
for example, was representative of the impression made by
the trip.
'This twentv-four hours was, without doubt, the most
interesting anl instructive of my life and while I am only
writing for myself, I know from the comments I heard from
Signal Corp. Photo
many of the other men, that the tour was just as beneficial
Id familiar cry of "come and get it" was answered 1000/0
by the "GI's for a day." to them as it was to me. It was nice to see in action some of
the eguipment that ------- is producing for the armed
aring forth a reveille march in the battery area. But forces. It was also enlightening and encouraging to observe
ost impressive portion of the visit to the MATC at the fine organization, teamwork and efficiency of the troops
p Edwards was yet to come. using the eguipment-I have come home with a grand feel-
Hast over, the group piled into the trucks again for ing of pride in our Army. It is evidenced to me that their
to the training center's firing range at Scorton Neck, interest. morale and soldiery is tops."
king Cape Cod Bay.
the manufacturers were impressed with the static
\ of antiaircraft artillery materiel in the "County Fair
it," they were completely overwhelmed by the ac-
v and power of the equipment in action.
battery of 90mm guns fired a number of courses, fol-
by the Bofors 40mm emplaced on the line for combat
mg, then as a suitable climax, a group of the powerful
ircraft half-tracks roared up on the firing line and
ed the towed sleeve behind the plane in a breath-
demonstration of mobility and high fire power.
er the expenditure of the ammunition on the firing
he visitors were permitted to inspect the guns at close
, climb into the seats and actually track a plane in
. The entire morning was spent at Scorton Neck.
complete the picture of training antiaircraft artillery-
the representatives of American industry were ac-
a chance to observe the class instruction at the
C, following dinner on the second day of their visit.
liided into small parties with officer and noncommis-
officer guides, the soldiers-for-a-day were taken to an
atic weapons battalion undergoing a normal training
trhere they observed and participated in gun drill, in
of the mechanical trainers and other aids to training,
ounted drill and riRe marksmanship classes.
a battalion was watched as it negotiated the ob-
course and the guests themselves tried a few of the
and hurdles. even to the debarkation net.
nal treat was a demonstration of unarmed combat bv
ts at the American Judo school at the AAATC, indi-
emphatically that the phrase "get tough" was no
in the education of an antiaircraft artilleryman.
en the visiting industrialists piled aboard their special
Signal Corp. Photo
again late in the afternoon, doffed nondescript uni- Peeling "spuds" was a great lark for these leaders of Massa-
and returned to swivel chairs with more than twenty- chusetts industry.
 ranking officers when Colonel Leon C. Dennis, Assi
Commandant, received orders transferring him from
School to the Coast Artillerv Board. The vacancv in
School staff created bv the' loss of Colonel De~nis
filled bv the transfer o( Colonel \ \'illiam Sackville from
Board to the School.
Personnel changes were numerous but they were not
only changes in the School set-up this summer. Practical
every course offered by the School has undergone
revision. The scope of instruction has been broad
older courses have been pared down to make room
The Coast Artillery School newer and timelier courses, and in almost every case
basis for revision has been the problems encou~tered
BRIGADIER GE~ERAL L. B. \ VEERS, COllll1lmldallt
the lessons learned by the coast artillerymen in the field,
Allied military successes in the European Theatre took Perhaps the most sweeping changes have been made
on added significance for members of the staff and faculty the Officer Candidate School courses. The OCS class who
of the Coast Artillery School following the return of Colo- graduated 17 September was the last group to complete
nel Harry F. l\leyers, Secretary of the School, from a three- course in twelve weeks. Beginning with the next cl
months' inspection tour of antiaircraft and seacoast artillery which will not graduate until 22 October, the OCS COul
installations in England and North Africa. will be of seventeen weeks duration.
Colonell\ leyers, who made the tour as an official observer Under the new schedule the officer candidates will s
of the Army Ground Forces, delivered a highly informative, five weeks instead of three on basic subjects, such as 3
straight-from-the-shoulder report on his trip in the Post ministration, mess management, mathematics, small a
Theatre shortly after his return. Every officer on duty with instruction, map reading, motor transportation, drill for f
the School, except those actually engaged in instruction at troops and first aid and hygiene. Seacoast artillery instructio
the time, was present to hear Colonell\ leyers speak. will occupy the next nine weeks of the embryonic officer i
"What impressed me more than anything else I observed stead of seven weeks previously allotted. 'With almost 1
on that IO,OOO-miletrip," Colonel 1\leyers declared, "was hours of additional instruction time available, the Depa
the training schedule for British coast artillerymen. Have ment of Artillery has instituted a thirty-two-hour course i
no doubts about it. The training schedule for a British the use of automatic weapons assigned for the local defen
soldier is tough. In their training programs, every effort is of a seacoast battery, including the nomenclature, strippin
made to achieve the most realistic and rugged battle con- and maintenance of such weapons. Another sixteen hOll
ditions. Live ammunition is used, and a soldier must be alert will be spent in studying problems of firing on land targ
and in excellent physical shape to withstand the long weeks with seacoast artillery armament, either mobile or fix
of training. Short orientation courses dealing with data computer a
"The British coast artilleryman," the Colonel continued, special equipment have also been added.
"is trained to fire all the weapons which he may be called For the last three weeks of his stay at the Coast Artille
upon to fire in combat. Every type of coast artillery weapon, School, the officer candidate will come under the super
with the exception of the IS-inch gun, can be found in vision of the Department of Tactics. This compares wi
action at the Replacement Training Center and the Royal the one week peilcXl previously devoted to the study 0
Artillery School. seacoast tactics. The additional time will be devoted mainl
"Not only are the men trained to fire in theory," and the to field problems similar to those already incorporated i
Colonel put emphasis on this point, "but they actually fire the Battery Officers Courses and the studying of basic tacti
the weapons. Not once, but many times. And I don't mean common to nearly every branch of the service. New tactica
target practices under ideal conditions, either. The British courses incorporated in the OCS program include individ~~
fire at night, in rain or in fog, but the main point is: THEY protective measures (including the planting and detecOo
FIRE! of "booby traps"); foreign map reading; infantry mino
'The result of innumerable target practices is evident tactics; terrain appreciation; and scouting and patrolling ~
when a British battery goes into action. The men perform dismounted units. he idea behind these courses, aceD '
their duties almost mechanically, with little or no confusion ing to Co one on . ball, Director of the Depart-
or wasted effort." I ment of actics, is to make the young coast artillery office
Later Colonel 1\'leyers conferred with School depart- capable of organizing small seacoast artillery units infl
mental heads and discussed in detail the many problems infantry units and leading them in the defense of beachel
and situations which he had observed and which were of aoainst invasion parties.
specific interest to one or more departments. ~Similar new courses have been added to the Basic OfficeJ
The School did not have Colonel 1\levers' services for Course (originally called the Battery Officers Course); an<
long after his return, however. He had been back at his the Advanced Officers Course (previously referred to as W.
desk in Murrav Hall for only a few weeks when he received Field Officers Course) has been increased in length ffOU
orders relieving him from d~ty with the School and assign- five weeks to eight weeks. The additional time will be speIll
ing him to Headquarters, Army Ground Forces, \Vashing- brushing up on seacoast artillery gunnery and studying ndl
ton, D. C. At the time this article was being written Colonel developments and techniques which have been introduCt'l
Frank E. Emery, Jr., was on duty as Acting Secretary . since the officer last attended classes at the School.
... . t e
 COAST ARTILLERY AC I IVITIES 61

h the Department of Training Publications con- F~l +90 -Sm>ice of tIle Piece. 3-inch Rapid Fire Glm
to turn out training aids for the officers and men in IBC.
F~ 1 4-96 -Sen':ce of tIle Radio Set, SCR-5S2.
training films on the 155mm gun which were T~I 4-205-Coast Artillen AmllllOlition.
b,' the Coast Artillerv School and filmed at Para- T~l 4-225-0rielltatiOlI. -
Stu-dios in Hollywood: have been approved for re- T,\l 4-237 -Coast Artiller} Target Boats.
troops in the field. The numbers and titles of these C\TB-Use of the Director M9 in Firillg Against Ter-
re: restrial mId i\m'al Targets.
CATB-Temporar) and Stalld-B} Fire Control Systems
4-201O-Care mid 1\1aintenmlce of the 1\13 Carriage
for 90J//11l Guns. Alltil1lotor Torpedo Boat
mId Limber.
Batteries.
4-2011-Care and Maintenance of tIle Carriage and
Limber of tile I55mm GUll MI.
4-2012-Going Into Position \Fitll tIle I55mm GIOl.

ek is also progressing nicely on the filming of a series

~ht training films on Cmltrolled SlIblllarine Mines.
SOUTHERN
nal CQfPS camera crew, under the direction of Lieu-
t Ch:.ules E. Skinner, has been at Fort l\lonroe most
SECTOR
summer, with many of the scenes being shot aboard a
planter.
strips which have either been approved for release Eastern Defense Command
Id be approved for release shortly include these ten
ons to the series on Fire Control and Position Finding
coast Artillery; TIle Met Message; Operation of the BRlGADlEH GENEHAL H. F. Loo;\lls, Commallding
and M I Plotting Boards; The Theory of Prediction;
By Captaill Jol/1/ Lindsay
Ulldard Ballistic Conditions; Prediction Devices; TIle
Component Indicator; The Percentage Corrector Intensive training of Southern Sector units and indi-
The Range Correction Board MIAl; Displacemellt viduals continues at a steady pace.
etion Devices; and Description of the De~ection Comments made by graduates of the Florida Subsector
MI. Noncommissioned Officers School clearly indicate that the
addition, a new series on TIle GUll Data Cmnpllter school is fulfilling its purpose of instructing noncommis-
has been completed and should be ready for distribution sioned officers in their part in the military organization. It
'fly. Film strips in this series include: is the intention of the Commanding General that all non-
I-The Base-End Station Data Transmission Sys- commissioned officers be sent to this school. The graduates
tems. were unanimous in expressing the opinion that they had
II-General Operatillg Principles. gained confidence in themselves, that the course was an ex-
III-Operating Features and Precautions. cellent one from which they had gleaned knowledge ncver
IV-Position Finding Using the Horizontal Base previously taught them, and that they had learned the mean-
System. ing of the word "discipline."
V -P~sition Fillding Using the Vertical Base System In order that officers and mcn keep abreast of rapidly
or Special Equipment. changing types of materiel, a series of schools was inaugu-
VI-Operation for Prediction and Fire Control. rated by the S-2 section of Southern Sector Headquartcrs.
VII-The Olltpllt Data Trm1S1nission Systems.

he Publications Section of the Department of Training

ications has also been busy, with the following field
lUalsin publication:
I 4-24-Sen ice
J of the Piece, I55mm Gmt 1\1 1.
t 4-30-Sen'ice of tIle Gun Data Compllter MI.
1 4-48-Sen'ice of the Piece, 8-Inch Gmt, Mark VI,
l\Jodiftcation 3A2, on Barbette Carriage 1\11.
4-95-Service of the Radio Set, SCR-296-A.
entative FM 4-91 (issued in the form of a coast artillerv
training bulletin) - SenJjce of the Pie~,
90m1ll GlIn, Fixed MOllnt.

rrently in preparation are the following field manuals,

ical manuals, and coast artillery training bulletins:
4-5 -Organization mzd Tactics.
4-10 -Seacoast Artillery Gunnery.
4-25 -Sen'ice of the Piece, 155mm Gun (GPF . The modified Hardy target.
62 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL
trie. an impro\'ised plow was constructed in the Area
neer Shops. Scrap steel, together with the :L\:lesand
of an old motor truck found on the junk pile. furnished
material. The plow is propelled by a tractor with su
draw-bar power to pull the heavy drag of plow and
reel cart attached in rear of plow. Two men are requited
ride the cable trailer when in operation in order to turn
cable reel, thus relieving strain on cable being fed t
the guide pipe. An additional man can also be used fO
vantage on the plow platform to feed cable to the pipe.
The plow was designed to bury the cable at a d~
thirty inches. In operation the blade cuts a narrow C~
through the soil; the feed pipe, fastened in rear of the
permits the cable to slide into the crevice. The soil
back into place due to the side pressure of plow and t
wheels, thus completing the job. with the exception of tlI
splicing, at one operation.
Twelve thousand feet of 25-pair, 19-9auge, tape ar
Cable plowing method of laying fire contcol cable.
cable, was placed during an eight-hour period. The pI
Training is given in identification of tanks, ships, and air- in of tape armored cable had never been attempted bef
craft. using the Henshaw method. The officer in charge of Check tests on each section of cable placed indicate
the school was given special training at EDC, New York. cable in perfect condition.
The first school was held at Fort Moultrie and attended by Across the sand dune section of the cable route it
four officers and thirty enlisted men. Exceptionally good found advisable to level the right of way to some extent
grades were obtained by this first class. However, in order fore cable plowing was attempted. \\There the grass, r
to get the most out of the instruction, it was ascertained that of trees, and jungle growth were heavy, an ordinary
the men should be put on Class "c" special duty. It was plow, propelled by a jeep, eased the way for cable plowi
found that they should be quartered together, if possible, In the swamp land where it was feared the tractor
and be given a minimum of thirty-two hours of classroom bog down, a winch line furnished the traction.
instruction with sufficient free time in afternoons and eve- This "plowing in" method of cable laying is especi
nings for personal study. The graduates were enthusiastic adapted for Anny requirements along seacoast installati
and additional schools have been inaugurated at Key West On Saturday, July 3rd, a new radio program enti
and Atlantic Beach. as well as at Fort Moultrie. Open HO'l/se at Fort Moultrie was inaugurated from
Several modified Hardy Seacoast Targets were construc- stage of the new recreation hall. This program is on the
ted by the Sector. The General Hardy Target as described every Saturday between 8:00 and 8:30 P.M. over Stat
in the COASTARTILLERYJOURNALwas modified for local WTl'vIA, Charleston. The programs are directed and p
conditions and proved vcry successful. It was found to be duced by military personnel of Fort Moultrie. They feal
particularly adaptable and suitable for batteries having a interviews with "The Soldier of the 'Week," presentation
low height of site and long range. An observer at sea level, material from the Public Relations Bureau, \Vashingt
without visual aid, can see this target at over 16,000 yards D. c., a guest artist, and selections by the Fort Moult
range. By using field glasses or the gun sight, this range is orchestra.
increased. It is interesting to note that yellow target cloth A traveling motion picture unit, an activity sponsored
increased the visibility over the red-colored cloth at long the Special Service Division of Fort Moultrie, now ma
ranges. and that the total cost was less than $240.00 per weekly stops at the various outposts for the purpose of p
target. senting G. I. Films. USO-Camp Shows visit the outposts
An interesting method for the installation of Fire Con- an average of once a month.
trol cable was developed by the Artillery Engineer, Harbor
Defenses of Charleston. Approved routes for land cable in-
stallation included the crossing of swamp land, sand dunes,
____ COAST ARTlllE~~
and a dense growth of tropical jungle, where standard cable
laying machinery was useless. In many places the route of \: Replacement Training Center /

cable was across land, below Rood tide elevation, where

water seepage caused ditches to cave in as soon as the ex- S~,~~~MP McQUAI~v4~
cavation reached water level. It was known that the Ameri-
GENERALC. D. Y. OSTROM,Commmulino
BRIGADIER
can Telephone and Telegraph Company, on long trunk
cable installations benveen cities, under similar conditions, By Major Thomas H. Barfield
had experimented with a cable plowing method, so informa-
tion and data were secured. In keeping with the policy of physical and mental h
From available data furnished bv the Fourth Sen'ice ening more and more practical work in basic subjectS
Command, Signal Corps Branch, and the ingenuity of ivlr. being taught CARTC trainees each cycle. Foremost a
H. E. Dawson. Superintendent of Construction, Fort i\10ul- these activities are antimechanized and antiaircraft exe
 COAST ARTILLERY ACTIVITIES 63
ac of several days duration. and added emphasis on
rksmanship.
nees need little urging in digging fox-holes when
ted with the immediate prospect of being run over
tank. Normally a difficult subject to teach. defense
( mechanized attack can be practically demonstrated
lying trainees with entrenching tools. and the in-
{ion that tanks will overrun the area in a specified
The use of tanks adds considerablv to the realism of
<:truction and trainees have no he~itancy in digging
fox-holes in solid ground that will not cave in. After
nks have traversed the area, making every effort to
eBch fox-hole at least twice, the occupants are well
Dced not only of the necessity for digging in, but of
otection offered thereby.
struction in the use of antitank grenades is combined
that instruction described above. The tanks repair
ition seventy-five to one hundred yards distant from
-holes, then traverse the field of fire as targets for anti-
Breech-disassembly Board.
riRegrenades.
is center now includes in its thirteen week program a
school room, How's About It? quickly outgrew its birthplace
c period of several days duration. Guns, plotting
and is now held in the spacious recreation hall.
, kitchens and all other elements of the battery are
To help new trainees acquaint themselves with :\rmy
into field positions; in this case a state park adjacent
life, Camp l\IcQuaide, and adjacent communities. an
e Camp McQuaide reservation. Practical problems.
orientation booklet is now issued to every man upon arrival.
ding camouRage of positions, local security, and de-
Patterned after "freshman books" used at many colleges, the
against landing attacks are scheduled, some of them
CARTC booklet gives a short history of the Coast Artillery
ght. T rainces are issued C, D and K rations, to be
and Camp McQuaide. In addition, many items of neces-
ed at all times, and which are substituted for the regular
sary information and interest to the new soldier are con-
ration at some time during the bivouac period.
cisely described. Included in this list is infom1ation about
edure in preparatory rifle marksmanship training and
OCS and ASTP, insurance, religious services, laundry. mail
firing has been standardized, with a view toward em-
service, passes, and other particulars necessary thoroughly to
'zing that phase of training, as well as providing more
orient the incoming trainees.
m1 training in all battalions. Under the system now
everv man receives concentrated instruction on each
f f f
just prior to firing that particular course. This, in
ion to the normal preliminary exercises, gives extra
ction at a time when it is most effective, just before
and also reduces confusion on the firing line. Southern California Sector
\ aluable training aid developed by l\ laster Sergeant BRIGADIER GENERAL FORREST E. \VILLIFORD,
n of the Training Aids Department is a miniature Commanding
targets, to be used for preliminary rifle marksmanship
ice. Activated by a windlass, the slow and rapid fire The Fort MacArthur athletic program got a big boost
can be displayed at will, thus duplicating the sight- with the addition of our newly remodeled gymnasium.
aiming, and time features of actual range practice. The dedication program filled the bleachers to the eaves,
other innovation in the field of training aids is a with standing and kneeling room at a premium. The top
h-disassembly board. On the order of a tool cabinet billing card included Jim Londos matched with Corporal
hooks and painted silhouette for each article, the Victor Holbrook, a Battle Royal featuring Sergeant "Bat-
has a place for each part of the breech, with nomen- tling Babe" Smolinski. an exhibition of precision tum-
e displayed. \\lith the use of this device, the trainee bling by the l\lotter brothers. and several leather poundings
uickly and easily learn the sequence of disassembly refereed by none other than Sergeant Joe Louis.
mblv, as well as correct nomenclature. In the entertainment world Fort l\lacArthur has pinned
the e~tertainment field. a quiz show, called How's its star high with its all soldier show Hey Rookie! l\lajor
It? has been inaugurated-participants to be Army C. D. Sam'inet and Sergeant Johnny \Valker have nursed
el only. Proving very popular in two initial per- the "Yard Birds" along so that they have become polished
nces, in which three officers were pitted against a amateurs, proficient with potato peeler, mop, and music.
umber of noncoms, it is planned to continue the The down to earth portrayal of the soldier not at horne a\\;ay
weekly. Questions are submitted by anyone desiring from home has brought down the house night after night
so. simply by depositing question and correct answer at the Belasco Theater, and at the outposts where it has
eniently located boxes. placed throughout camp for played on its mobile stage. To date over 50,000 members
rpose. From a modest beginning in a battalion of the armed services, not of this command, have seen this
64 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL

show free and it's still going strong with over 500,000 Commission on War Problems meeting in Was .
ci\ ilians ha\'ing seen the show at the Belasco Theater in Ambassador Najera Hew to Fort Douglas, Utah,
Los Angeles on paid admissions. The Hey Rookie cast con- ing the Ensenada conferences, where he presen~
sists of about fifty men who go into town at 6:00 PM. put Order of the Aztec Eagle to ~ lajor General Ken
on the performance, and return to Fort MacArthur after Joyce, commanding general, Ninth Service Command.
the show. They are all present for duty at the "Dawn Alert." i\ lexican ambassador had conferred a similar d
In the interests of de\'eloping amphibious artillerymen the week before on Lieutenant General John L. De
a new Fort MacArthur swimming pool is under construc- commanding general, Fourth Army and \;Yestern
tion and it will be the training objective to turn out men Command, in San Francisco.
who are able to "swim across." After graduation from the Pretty Auxiliary Kathryn Cummings of San Diego
gymnasium and the pool. nothing can stop the artillerymen the \ VMC last February and. several months later.
from MacArthur. This pool is being built from the pro- a pleasant stir in routine of the Fort Rosecrans Station
ceeds of Hey Rookie. pital when she used her first three-day pass to visit
It seems that Fort ~1acArthur is a suburb of Hollvwood her family.
where cinema cuties convene at the VACS Canteen for the Auxiliary Cummings was graduated from the
edification of our cannoneers. Just to make sure we felt transport school at Fort Des Moines, Ia., qualified as a
at home with the camera as well as the cuties, Fort 1\lac- cialist driver, and transferred to 1\larch Field where
Arthur was "on location" for several scenes in the forth- company awaited assignment. Before she could retlt
coming film version of This is the Arm)'. \Ve finally make her station from San Diego, she found herself on an
the grade. "Non Cedo Feria." ating table at Fort Rosecrans, where l\ lajor John J. T
Fort Rosecrans personnel recently engaged in several ex- chief of surgical service, performed an appendectomy
changes of good will gestures with the 1\lexican government. Auxiliary Cummings appeared to enjoy her stay all
On 8 June l\lercedes Caraza, l\lexican diva, sang her as much as did the hospital staff.
71st concert for members of the armed forces of the United "I didn't dare even think of wanting something."
States when she appe;Jred at a Fort Rosecrans recreation said, "because they'd bring it to me. You know, I wi
hall. had another appendix they could take out."
This vivacious lady demonstrated a talent for cementing She was asked if she liked being a member of the W
friendship between sister republics, as well as a voice for "Do I!" she said. "All of us in my company are I
winning audiences. She was sent here on a good-will mis- forward to our new jobs with the Army."
sion by the l\lexican \Var Department. A soldier may be able to do a neat job of assembling
On 26 June the Fort Rosecr;Jns Public Relations staff equipment in a pint-size foot-locker. But when it comt'S
was ordered to Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, to assist selecting a gift for the girl friend, and wrapping il
Colonel Modesto E. Rodriguez, Fourth Army and \Vestern chances are he will find his Army training of no hel
Defense Command liaison officer to Mexico, in making l\'lrs. Helen Coffin, official hostess at Fort Rosccrans,
arrangements for a ceremony of international scope. solved that problem. All a soldier need do is come to
At a colorful setting before cr;Jck Mexican troops, lieu- Post Special Service office and give her a general icl
tenant General John L. De\Vitt, commanding general, what sort of gift or greeting card he has in mind, and
Fourth Army and \\'estern Defense Command, presented Coffin will make the purchase for him. And then, 1
the Legion of ~ lerit Degree of Commander to two of wishes, he may take advantage of the office's free wra
l\'lexico's highest ranking army officers of the Pacific region, service, especially designed for he-men who never g
General de Division Pablo Macias, and General de Divi- fingers.
sion Juan Felipe Rico Islas. Soldiers at Fort Rosecrans are wondering what kin
Citations, signed by President Roosevelt and Secretary a time a Private Laudrieth had in San Diego on a seven
of War Henry L. Stimson, stated the aW;Jrdswere in recog- hour pass way back in 1915.
nition of "distinguished service in establishing good rela- Discovered during a clean-up of BtI)'. B's pre-World
tions and in coordinating the defense of the west coasts of vintage barrack, the yellowed slip of paper, dated
Mexico and the United States." I, 1915, entitled Private Laudrieth to seventeen hou
Following the ceremony, Lieutenant Colonel Rudolfo bliss in any part of the world he might choose. But
Sanchez Taboada, governor of Baja California, ga\'e a din- to transportation facilities at the time, there was some
ner in honor of General De\Vitt. jecture here as to whether he could reach San Diego
. The Fort Rosecrans Public Relations staff again was or- return to his station in seventeen hours without dis
dered to Ensenada on 6 July, to handle publicity of a con- ing the MPs.
ference between l\lexico's ambassador to the United States He may, old-timers here opined, have made it b) fO
and high military and naval authorities of both countries. across the bay to the foot of Broadway-if he hit the
The ambassador, General Francisco Castillo Najera, Hew right. He could have hiked the twenty-mile round
from San Francisco for the conference. along a dusty road. Or, perchance, he may have ma
The American officers, with one exception, returned to to connect with the occasional street car that rattled
the United States following the conference. Ambassador a now abandoned line.
Najera remained until the next day to obtain first hand The pass bore the approving signatures of Lieut
information on agricultural and other problems which may Colonel Davis, Captain C. 1\1. Condon, Second Lieut
form a basis for discussions of the U. S. -1\lexican Joint Paul Doad, and First Sergeant John \\1. Meehan.
 COAST ARTILLERY ACTIVITIES 65
have made it all right, in case anyone wanted to were off the bat of Joe Di~laggio. Joltin' Joe demonstrated
Private Laudrieth as to his right to be outside the his fielding ability by snaring a one-handed shoe-string on
But there was no clue as to how he used this right. the run to short center-a crack that at first appeared a
.ng crowd of officers, \ VAACs and servicemen saw sure hit .
Field airmen go down to the first tournament de- A new angle in the field of competition at Fort Rosecrans
the fisticuff history of that station when Fort Rose- was introduced 13 July, to settle claims to drill superiority
sent its crack boxi~g team to the air center on the of individual batteries. Colonel Frank Drake, command-
of 23 June. ing the tactical unit on the post, instituted the competition
home station gallery yelled as much for the visiting to determine which organizations excelled in which fields.
Artillerymen as it did for its own pilots and bom- The competition consisted of three events. The first was a
, The score - Rosecrans won one TKO. two deci- squad drill, performed by twelve privates and one corporal
March Field won two decisions. There was one draw. from each battery, selected from intra-battery competition
tght of the evening was Private Batdin' Buck's main as the best in the outfit. Neatness of dress, precision of
March Field's able heavy Cavanaugh. Buck is Fort mo\'ement, and knowledge of infantry drill and the manual
ns' light heavy pride and promoter of the Fort's of arms were the factors by which the winning squad was
es. He won an easy decision, had the crowd in dithers determined.
vanaugh practically in stitches throughout. The second event was a machine gun drill, carried out
Rosecrans Cannoneers, post baseball team, met fa- by three privates and one corporal from each battery. The
company in June when it traveled to Fullerton and boys sped through the routine of stripping down a machine
Ana. gun at the starting line, and, at a signal, racing the stripped
the first city the Coast Artillerymen met the Navy gun to the finish line, assembling the piece, and firing one
r-Than-Air Craft Base team, and beat the sailors blank round to show that the crew was ready for action,
. Sergeant "Nellie" Nelson pitched a beautiful game The final event was an individual drill-down in which
Cannoneers, helped the score along with a 370-foot sergeants competed with sergeants, corporals with cor-
run. porals, and privates with privates, to determine the best in
t da" the Cannoneers trekked down the road to Santa each ~.
grade. Each batten' entered one soldier in each 0 oracle.
mdet the SAABs. which game they lost by 6 to 1. and the contest was judged on precision, technique and
nt Earl Chapple pitched this one for the Fort, broke execution, The post band played during the contests. pro-
cellent record by allowing seven hits, three of which viding tempo and cadence rhythm.

A section of the regimental victory garden at Fort Stevens, Oregon. A wide variety of
fresh vegetables has been harvested daily for the use of the men of the regiment.
 Ethel \"Iaters, appeared at Fort Banks recently. The
Carm an appeared in all posts on a whirlwind tour
stations large and small.
The Coast Artillery Band presented concerts every
nesdav afternoon on the lawn in front of the Station
pital ;t Fort Banks, providing music for dances on the
and broadcasts on the ~ew England Sector hour
Saturday.
In th~ Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth constant trat
of troops is the by-word and will continue to be emph
during the current training season. All batteries have
conducting tests, either on their own or in conjunction
other batteries on the soundness of their respecth e S
Actual field exercises have been held using blank am
1\ lA]ORGENERALK. T. BLOOD,C01ll11lalldillg tion to add realism to the problems. Particular emph
By Lientellant Charles T. Prussiall being placed on the effectiveness of the saP's in an
round defense and on cover and concealment of local
The New Enolalld Sector Soldier Show of tile Air, Sat- fenses.
urday radio prod~ct of the soldiers of New England Sector, 1\11 outdoor activities have been stepped up incl
under the guidance of the Special Service Office, has been small arms marksmanship training, water commando
an outstandinoo success since its initial broadcast last ~Iav. ing, swimming meets and athletic programs.
'
A combination of fast movinoo soldier dramatics, educational Officers attend a school on basic military subjectS.
features, music, and laughter, the hour long program has classes being held weekly. Enlisted men's schools incl
attracted appreciative civilian audiences along with the Blinker, Radio, and Intelligence courses.
troops of this and adjacent commands. The Harbor Defense Baseball Team led the local
The Harbor Defenses of Boston are busily engaged com- set League, having won 15 games while losing duet:.
facilities of the \ Ventworth Golf Course and S\\ im
Pletinob taroet0
I)ractices. Dail"....ounfire can be heard rever-
,0

berating throughout the harbor. Several special practices Pool have been made available to Harbor Defense pe
have been authorized and will take place in the near future. nel, and as a result, swimming meets and golf tourn
Rifle marksmanship is another phase of training which are being conducted.
is being given considerable attention. A large percentage of In the Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound.
the harbor personnel has already been qualified with more priority is given to training of all units in preparedness
qualifications being completed daily. defense against any type of attack and a definite part of
Since the last issue of the JOUHNAL,a \Vi\i\C detach- program is devoted to physical conditioning and athl
ment has been assigned to the Service Command comple- \\lith water separating practically all installations, ad
ment at Fort Banks and at a very impressive ceremony held competition is confined for the most part to inter-ba
at the post theater August 6, this detachment was sworn in schedules. Regimental baseball teams are competing
to the newly established \\Toman's Army Corps. Brigadier cessfully with neighboring teams of the Navy and
General Frank S. Clark, Harbor Defense Commander, Guard. Tennis and golf facilities are available to a
administered the oath. 1\ dance sponsored by the \\lAC jority of the commissioned and enlisted personnel cJ
detachment followed the ceremony. Harbor Defenses with a swimming instruction pro
The summer recreational and athletic programs for the full progress under the active supervision of the Red
Harbor .Defenses of Boston have reached a new peak. Keen The arrival of the \VAC's has not revolutionized
competition marked the Boston Harbor Baseball League. routine of the Harbor Defenses as might have been
Fort Revere, winning eight games in a row, finished in first pated. They have fitted into the administrative functi
place while Fort Dawes and Fort Banks placed second and of the command with a minimum of confusion and
third respectively. Every post in the Harbor had a team operating in an efficient manner. One need only
entered in the League. In addition to the league games, them in their close order drill to appreciate the serio
the teams play games with other Army, Navy, and Coast with which they accept their responsibilities. They
Guard nines in and around Greater Boston. favors and receive none-in short, they are real soldi
A big morale booster for the men stationed at the Harbor The target practice season is in full progress wi
outposts is the new G.!. film program. Two men tour the firing batteries participating. An extensive sched
isolated stations every day except Sunday, showing enter- being carried on, hampered only by unfa\'orable VI
taining movies and distributing candy, cigarettes, and conditions. Excellent results have been attained to
books donated to the soldiers. Professional as well as local stage shows are pr
The Blue Circuit usa Shows now play ten dates in frequent intervals. \Vith the cooperation of the Ed
the Harbor forts as compared to six of a few months ago. In Branch of the Special Service Division, language re
addition, variety shows. radio re\'ues and plays are pre- now available in the Harbor Defenses and classes ctl
sented by entertainers from in and around Boston. \\leekl)' basic \'ocabulary in Russian. French, Spanish, Itali
dances are enjoyed by the servicemen with neighboring German are being conducted on a voluntary basis.
usa units providing the hostesses. Several famous movie During the period June, July and August, the
stars.. includino0 Constance Bennett, Carol Bruce, and Defenses of :\Iew Bedford ha\'e been engaged in
 COAST \RT1LLER) ACTIVITIES 67
Small arms firino and special sen ice and record
ha\'e been held. ~
000d weather has been conduci\'e to more competi-
~thletics. A very notable distinction in this section
\\ ino~ of the b~seball team which is the leader of
T\\'ilioht
1:>
Leaoue.
1:>
havino1:> nine wins and one loss
credit. ~ lany of the outposts have contributed a
of the outstanding players on the baseball team
Inter-Battery baseball competition has been very

si\'e training activities have been conducted dUling

month period with training marches and bivouacs.
dest rain of the year occurred and practically Hooded
pup tents on one such march. dampening every-
ut the spirits of the New Bedford men.
e llarbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay, the target
season is rapidly approaching its peak. Practices
so far give promise of a very successful season.
d in hand with tactical training, the sports program
eel immeasurably to the physical condition of the
Baseball is very enthusiastically participated in as
other sports. The spirit and competitive interest in
ball elimination tournament speaks well for the
and supervised athletic season.

Instrucrional material-with a message.

three hours per week be devoted to physical exercise. I Ie

and his executive officer, Colonel John H. Lindt, regularly
attend a uniclue class designed to build stamina with "re-
sistance" exercises. It is being conducted under the direc-
tion or Hobert Seeger, civilian Judo expert.
Interesting, too, from a training point of vicw were the
three AI\ machine gun battalions, activated at Camp Haan.
which recently joined infantry divisions in the midwest
after completing a brief but intensive course at our desert
firing range, Camp Irwin.
For outstanding br3\'ery displayed in rescuing the crew
R GENERAL HOMER H. OLDFIELD, Commanding of a crashed and burning B-24 Liberator Bomber, General
AAATC Oldfield awarded Soldier's l\ ledals to six antiaircrafters at a
review held by the 40th Group. Decorated were Captain
By Captain DO/wId A. Carlson David 1\1. l\Iiller of Shreveport, La.; Captain Arthur H.
\Valters, Albany, Ga.; Second Lieutenant Albert A Alop,
mp I laan, where clear, cool nights on the desert are
Chicago, Ill.; Second Lieutenant James E. Frick, St. Louis;
espite from the day's midsummer sun, an outstand-
\Varrant Officer (jg) Kenneth S. Berger, New York, and
light of the month's antiaircraft training was the
Private First Class Ravmond F. Hartzell, l\Ianhattan Beach,
"all out" maneuvers . Calif. '
.ng over an area of hundreds of square miles. de- Camp Haan still has a P. T. Barnum variety of mascots
es under direction of Brigadier General Robert -a badger, monkey, turtles, a baby coyote, a goat, and no\\,
10\\ successfully repelled an "enemy" invasion
a lion cub. At Camp Irwin the favorite hobby, in addition
anks and commando night attacks figured promi- to collecting semi-precious stones, is to mail a horned toad to
the show. General Crichlow, recently promoted. the folks back home. Post Office employees no longer are
to everv artilleryman-his slide rule is as familiar startled at strange noises emanating from perforated cartons.
1. shoe. ' .
As yet no sidewinders are reported to have been brought
ter condition officers of the MATC staff. ~ lajor to the post office.
orner R. Oldfield has ordered that a minimum of At Camp 1m'in an interesting phase of training is paving
 BRIGADIER GENERAL DALE D. HINMA~

Commanding AAATC
Action during the five-day maneuvers. Airborne training at Fort Bliss attained a final d
realism this month with the arrival of six CA7 pIa
big dividends-in entertainment. From San Luis Obispo tactical maneuvers. In a series of tactical fliohts t:>

has come a Special Service Company which has aided the airfields roughly forty miles apart, heavy stress
Post Exchanges, sponsored athletic activity, put on amateur on the duplication of battle conditions, particularlv
shows and in a hundred ways has added to the recreational gards equipment carried and unloading time allo\
To satisfy the safety factor, planes were not load
activity at the desert training center.
yond 5,000 pounds and it is a point of practice to I
Along the special service line, the battalion commanded
heavy equipment well forward so that the greater
by Lieutenant Colonel \\T. E. Patrick has become well-
the load falls on the wings. In addition to the basic
known for its outstanding list of recreations and activities
the .50 caliber machine gun. the one-fourth-ton tru
for the enlisted personnel. \iVeekly fight programs, trick
trailer is part of the heavy equipment carried.
track and field meets, water carnivals, convoys to Laguna
It has been found that ten minutes is within the
Beach and Hollywood, aircraft identification contests, cooks
able maximum for unloading under ordinary batd
and baker~ contests and the organization of a battalion band
ditions. However, it is understood and quite often tb
are just a few of the activities that have been engineered
that pilots must take off when a situation demands i
by Lieutenant Gerald Locksley. Now at searchlight posts,
though the plane is partly unloaded. As a result, in
a traveling PX has been established and each light position
to avoid becoming stranded with incomplete equip
is armed with a phonograph or radio in addition to numer-
the men strive to bring the unloading time down
ous games. For this battalion, life in the Army is continuous
irreducible minimum and it is pointed out that no
activity. must the heavy equipment be unloaded from the
Accommodating nearly 500 men at one time, a new en- proper, it must be removed to a sufficient distance to
listed men's swimming pool has been opened at Camp fouling the plane on the take-off.
Haan. Needless to say, it's a popular spot after an afternoon Glowing reports have come in from every theater
on the obstacle course. effectiveness of airborne troops in action and at the p
To better alert his men to the importance of keeping time, Fort Bliss trained airborne AA troops are on
mum, l\lajor Dominic J. Cavallo conducted a contest for cally every front in the \Var.
the best security slogan. A cash prize was awarded to the Ranking civil and military officials from jVlexicoan
soldier who said "Talebearers Better Pick Pallbearers." EI Paso area were guests at a review of the troops 0
Meteorology has become a favored study in Camp with Command that marked the third anniversarv of the
the initiation of a training class, instructed by Private Merle lishment of the Training Center. .
Rinker. Practical and theoretical, it is of four weeks' dura- It is interesting to trace the expansion of the Center
tion and designed to "determine the effect of atmosphere the time when it was a wind-swept tent camp to its p
on the flight of a projectile." It is hoped that much can state. Regiments that originally activated this station
be gained for use in AA gunnery. since been spread all over the world, including one
And Camp Haan's in the movies! At least a part of it is. ment that was on Bataan.
To aid in the filming of OfPcer Candidate School, by Now the total strength has been multiplied many
Columbia Studios, an AW firing unit, a 90mm gun and and, in addition to the old area where hutments ha
crew and an "infantry" platoon have been sent to Holly- placed tents, the AA has moved over into Fort Bliss
"vood where Lieutenant \\Talter O'Brien of AAATC is and will soon take up all the area vacated by a
acting as technical advisor. Division. The ongm I desert firing camp that could
Camp Haan and Camp Irwin were visited in August by modate one regimen in what amounted to almost fi
Major General Joseph A. Green, Commanding General of ditions has been abandoned and in its place there ar
the Antiaircraft Command, on his tour of ""estern training semi-permanent desert camps that will accomm
s. proximately 3 CX)() ttoops each.
 fire. Se\ eral hib were scored during the imp
So detailed \\ as the \ isit of the 1I nder Secreta
that he managed to find time to visit several of
rooms of the AAA School and to watch officer ca
at the school go through formations. An officer
battalion was at the airport to greet him and were
troops he inspected.
Late in the stay of the British Batten' at the sch
tenant General Leslev J. l\ lc;\fair. U;mmandino
" 0
Army Ground Forces. \'isited it. He was treated
BRIGADIER GENERAL BRYAN L. MILBURN, Commmulm1t sight of seeing two hits scored in a single course by
By Lieutenant Colonel Charles H. Scott 40mm gun operated by the British. His inter
British demonstration was great and with Lieutena
Making its longest stop of the many planned in its coast nel Thomas C. !\ letcalf. Commander of the British
to coast demonstration tour, the First Composite l\ntiair- explaining, he even took part in setting the fuze
craft Battery, R.A., British Army. was the guest of the of the 3.7 shells used by the British.
Antiaircraft Artillery School for seven weeks. The British The first of the B(itish demonstrations \~as h
unit came to the AAA School immediately after reaching !\ lajor General Joseph A. Green. Commanding
this country and after a brief period of becoming accus- Antiaircraft Command. who visited the British du
tomed to conditions was soon busily engaged in daily dem- Yen' first week of their stay and made them \\el
onstrations that were witnessed by officers from all parts of wa~ for him that the Britisl~ made their first parade
the service as well as many prominent officials. country. They also displayed and emplaced their
All was in readiness for the British when they arrived. ment in an impressive demonstration. Lat~r he ret
For a time before they reached these shores, sch~l ofllcials see a fuller demonstration when the LInder Secre
were planning to make their stay here a pleasant one. And \Var arrived here.
as the British themselves expressed it, it was. A large por- In all their demonstrations. the British impressed
tion of the school area was turned over to the visitors with one with the speed and thoroughness with which t
buildings marked conveniently for their purposes and so into action. Hardened by years of actual combat
arranged that no part of the unit was more than a few homefront during the Blitz and also in France,
minutes walking distance from any other part. Africa, l\ [alta and other theaters of war, the British
Further facilities were extended through the Antiaircraft sparkled in their gun drills and other demonstration
Command which provided an American Escort Detachment Aside from their brilliant firing, they staged imp
which will travel with the British and take care of so many maneuvers in the nearby countrv. In these move
of the tasks necessarv in a coast to coast tour. This esco;t they showed how thev w~uld atta~k the area and als
detachment is made" up. for the most part, of officers and the~' would defend. "
men formerly with the 1\A1\ School. Not content with showing how they go into actio
A highlight of the stay here was the visit of Under Secre- British soldiers demonstrated how they take care 0
tary of \Var Hobert P. Patterson who was greatly impressed maintain their equipment and the work of the R
by the British Battery and also by the AAA School's activi- \\'hich corresponds to our Ordnance. Also shown \\ er
ti~s. After his visit, "in a letter t~ Brigadier General Bryan many other training concerns of an antiaircraft battery
L. l\ lilburn, Commandant of the School. the Hon. Hobert as drills in aircraft recognition. All the details of
P. Patterson wrote: "The activities of the Antiaircraft Artil- work were carefully gone through in the many demo
lery School, which I observed on August 3rd, were most
interesting and instructive. I was impressed by the eager-
ness of all concerned to advance their knowledge and skill
in the use of the wonderful equipment which has been
provided for the Antiaircraft Artillery. Please express my
appreciation to the officers and men of your command."
During his eighteen-hour visit, the Under Secretary of
\Var watched an AAA School unit emplace its equipment
and then he was taken on a tour of the guns, automatic
weapons, searchlights and other materiel. At each new
section an officer explained in detail the function and
operation of the equipment. The thoroughness of thesc
talks seemed to impress him greatly. Later in the day he
was taken to the field positions of another AAA School
unit where he witnessed how various parts of the antiair-
craft artillery would appear under actual combat conditions.
A parade by the British battery was one of the colorful
events of the day with the visiting antiaircraft unit making
a splendid show as they passed in review before the Under
Secretary of \Var. During the day as well as after dark. the General McNair sets fuze ranges for the British Com
0', visitor watched British and American troo s Antiaircraft Batterv.
 COAST ARTILLERY ACfI\ ITIES 71

The British battery creates an interesting picture.

hich were watched by many officers from the school request of the U. S. \Var Department. It consists of seven-
as from other sections. In addition to the demon- teen officers and 329 other ranks, who make up the three
, the British held many, lectures in which trainino0 troops-one of four 3.7 inch (94mm) guns, one of six 40mm
and other subjects of interest to antiaircraft officers Bofors automatic weapons, and one of six searchlights.
Jly covered. - General Milburn was away from the AAA School for a
eir public appearances the British were fully as short time to witness the Tennessee maneuvers. \Vhile he
've as in their technical demonstration. At the cnd was away Colonel Coburn L. Berry, Director of the Divi-
first week here they paraded through the streets sion of Training Publications, was Acting Commandant.
ington, N. C., and were greeted with an enthusiasm The Silver Star was received by Captain George A.
'Il well riyal what the visitors are to meet in the Carter in a ceremony in which General Milburn pinned on
'ties of this country. On another occasion they were the award. Captain Carter was granted the medal for gal-
of honor at the launching of a Liberty ship. lantry in New Guinea where he dropped parachute bombs
the American soldiers and the civilian public on enemy planes and antiaircraft guns from an altitude of
the greatest hospitality to the visitors. Dances for 100 feet, causing great destruction.
ed men were regular events and social functions The artist who drew the exciting cover for this issue of
cers were often held. The British quickly became the CoAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL is Corporal Charles ,"V.
'With American customs and seemed to enjoy them ~ liller who is putting his artistic talent to good use in the
h-and the Americans who came in contact with Army by drawing illustrations for film strips and manuals
:rned very pleased to have them here. produced by the A1\1\ School's Division of Training Pulr
ritish Battery is not a tactical unit but was made lications. He was a scholarship student at the Chicago
purpose of the demonstration tour. It was sent Academy of Art as well as the American Academy of Art.
Ilited States bv the British War Office at the Both his parents are engaged in art work .
. 1:e
 round early in July. During the six ....eeks period
"spot-check" team from the AAATC Automotive
stopped approximately twenty-five per cent of all
on the reservation, giving them a thorough check
all discrepancies awarding them the stigma of an
the reminder that it was an "X for the Axis." A low
of 4.7 points won the first round for an AA ba
The second round of this unique vehicle-main
contest was closed late in August, with the per
made by the winners proving that the contest had p
o , satisfactorv , results. The winning battalion hail
hiohlv
a\'eraOeo of only_ .95, a considerable reduction from
of the first round. The fifth place winner, with 4.
BRIGADIER GENERAL E. A STOCKTON, JR., Commanditzg still below the top score for the first round.
By Captain 'Valter H. Dustmarzn, Jr. The splinting rodeo, designed to emphasize and'
this type of medical work, was held the latter part
The past t\\ 0 months at this Antiaircraft Artillery T rain- and saw medical detachments from three colored ba
ing Center saw a change in the command of the AAATC clinch top places. Each of the twenty-five medical
and the creation of two new Brioadier
o Generals for antiair- ments entered had a t\velve-man team and they 00
craft brigades in training here. in four events: arm and leg splints, with and
Brigadier General Edward A Stockton, Jr., arrived from blindfolds.
Fort Eustis, Va., to take command of the AAATC in the The training aids contest proved to be one of the
latter part of July. Relinquishing it was Brigadier General and most fruitful ever held at Stewart, with more tha~
Oliver L. Spiller, who had been transferred to New Or- training aids being submitted by individual antil!;
leans, La., to assume command of the Gulf Sector of the batteries. After the contest, held in conjunction
Southern Defense Command. huoeI:>
"count\' _ fair," the aids were turned over to
Earlier in July two colonels commanding antiaircraft AAATC Training Aids Section to be made available
brigades were promoted to brigadier general. They are units on the post for furtherance of AA training. First
Oliver B. Bucher and Paul B. Kelly. went for a "Forward Area Sight Trainer." A battel) 0
The use of competitive sports and training aids continued same battalion took third prize with "an illustration of
apace at Stewart during the past two months as vital ad- observation and adjustment of fire." Second place was
juncts to the regular antiaircraft training program. \Vin- by a "Range Setter and Spotter Trainer." l\Iore
ners among the battalions were selected in a gigantic air- 10,000 soldiers viewed the day-long contest and countv
plane contest, in a novel "X for the Axis" contest, in a The fair, largest ever held at Stewart, consisted of
splinting rodeo, in a special training aids contest, in a tug-of- 250 displays in twenty-six booths.
war, in a camouflage contest and in softball. The Tug-of-\Var Contest proved to be a splendid ph
The airplane contest, with some forty models of Allied cal training stimulus, aroused a deal of competitive in
\.varplanes competing in the second contest of its kind ever among all battalions. Both units in the finals were co
held at Stewart, was won by a model of a l'vlartin "1\lariner." battalions. The II "muscle-merchants" on the win
The planes were built to one-tenth actual size, from salvage team took the first pull in I minute and 25 seconds, won
materials, to foster the aircraft recognition program of the second pull in I minute and 20 seconds, then clinched
camp. All planes were mounted on jeeps and paraded about day by making the third pull in only 35 seconds.
the camp so that the antiaircraft troops might familiarize The Camouflage Contest held early in August unco
themselves with the types of planes represented. many novel and efficacious camouflage ideas, with th
The "X for the Axis" contest completed its first six-weeks four units submitting entries. First prize was won with
artfully camouflaged gun emplacement. The second ho
went to a camouflage job on a Tunisian town; and I
place was awarded for a simulated machine gun em~
ment. This contest also was held in connection W1
county fair.
The Softball tourney engendered a spirit of high
petition in all units oF'the post. The Post Champion
will be decided in the near future when the AM
champs meet the champion Finance team of the
Service Forces' Service Command at Stewart.
Another popular and healthful contest now in its £
round among the AAATC units is an Indian hand-wr
competition, in which champs were selected for each
which then entered eliminations to determine the
champion.
A contest of an entirely different nature, but
Sign61 Gorp. Ph<Jto
Lieutenant Colooel Lawrence Strobel's battalion wins the vital towards the nnal victory over the Axis, was a
.~ t the fi
 COAST ARTILLERY AGrIVITIES 73
ttalions to make 100 per cent in subscriptions or
hases of \\ ar bonds. The winning battalion won
-t in a fi,'e-day blitz drive in which subscriptions
less than five per cent to a total of lOOper cent.
d unit to go lOOper cent will receive an engraved
and the winner will recei,'e a sih-er loving cup.
contest, being sponsored by the Post \ Var Bond
nd the SllOot 'Em Down, official camp paper pub-
v the Armv Service Forces' Service Command 3t
, '" ill conti~ue another month, with letters of com-
ion being awarded the five battalions which make
1 highest percentages in war bond purchases .
'lll"'('u ~orp.8 Pl\ol.o
...
her highlight of the two-months period was the The camp Intelligence Office, still "at anchor" during the
!fling and expansion of the camp paper, the Shoot height of the hurricane .
. It was converted into a tabloid-size publication
ust, and virtually quadrupled in size, going from a neer Officer. Two minutes later the conversation was re-
bi-weekly to a sixteen-page weekly. The paper newed with, "Never mind! The garage has blown down."
shed for personnel of both the Antiaircraft Artillery The 35th Training Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant
g Center and the Service Command. AAATC Colonel Stanley R. Kelley, had its hurricane troubles. This
r the paper is secured and coordinated through the battalion, automatic weapons, was out on a field problem
Special Service Branch. when the storm hit. Said Colonel Kelley later, "\ Ve didn't
General Joseph A Green, Commanding General realize the portent of the storm before we were ordered
A Command, made a brief inspection visit in Au- back to Camp \Vallace, but by an act of Providence and
d was a guest of General Stockton .... StC/wart's the exceptional abilities and devotion to duty of the trainee
, part of the Army Service Forces' Service Com- drivers, we came through one of the most hcctic experiences
re sworn into the Army in August at an impressive of our lives. It was a real test of driving ability and stamina
nv and revicw of thc Service Command and became to move the battalion out of its hurricane-swept bivouac
CS. area. Many of the vehicles stalled and had to be towed, and
those with cam'as tops became topless, but we cleared the
bivouac area by winch, towline, and manpower."
The Training Center is in the process of changing over
from a thirteen-week to a seventeen-week training period.
Lieutenant Colonel Elmer R. Block, S-3, and representa-
tives from Camps Callan and Eustis, working with the
Antiaircraft Command at Richmond, put in long hours
drawing up our new schedule of training. The officers of
the camp are very pleased with the new program and feel
that after trainees complete the new course of training, they
will be well qualined for duty in the combat zones.
The handicap of insufficient materiel for training is
rapidly being overcome. In recent weeks the gun battalions
Camp Wallace have received additional 90mm guns, 'directors, and height
nnders to equip fully every battery. It's a big morale booster
BRIGADIER GENERAL HAROLD R. JACKSON, for an organization to have its complete equipment.
Commanding AARTC The Camp \\lallace Air Liaison Officer, Lieutenant
James L. McDaniel, reports that the 18th Tow Target
By Captain James M. Cochran
Squadron stationed at Ellington Field, weathered the hur-
h activities are varied at Camp Wallace, the pro- ricane without excessive damage. Had it not been for the
d not call for a hurricane that reached the peak of herculean efforts of the Squadron personnel who worked
in the late afternoon of July 27. At its height, the throughout the storm there might have been some un-
s reported to have reached a velocity of eighty-six authorized "takeoffs." All planes have been "wrung out"
r hour. That's some storm when vou add over and are again giving Camp Wallace tracking and towing
nches of rainfall in less than two days. Though mISSIOns.
cannot be considered as "heavv," most of the build- General Jackson designated September 15th as "Open
ered inside and outside, and the camp remained in House" for the local press, radio, and newsreel representa-
for two nights. 1\ lany a boat has been bailed out. tives, and interested magazine correspondents. Guests were
't often that a building must be bailed out. conducted on a tour of observation to acquaint them with
garage behind my quarters doesn't look as though the training methods and procedures of Camp vVallace.
ive the storm. You had better send someone over Colonel \;Villiam W. Nairn, the Commanding Officer of
ce it," were the words of Brigadier General Jack- the 6th Training Group, was designated to arrange and
ten~nt Colonel Alfred D. Martin. Camn Enp'i- ('on(lu('t thf' tour
 Fort Monroe a brief visit during AuguSt. Hying
his headquarters in New York for a.. conference
era] Tilton. After an inspection of the post, the
was entertained at lunch b,. General Tilton. then
Langley Fie]d and the retu~n Right on the same a
Another distinguished visitor to the sector dur
gust was Gm'ernor Colgate \\'. Darden of Virgi .
was given an impressive demonstration of the effect
105mm time shell during the semi-annual service

Chesapeake Bay at Fort Story. Brigadier Genera] S. Gardner Wall

ginia's Adjutant Genera], paid a visit to Camp P
during the month to review the troops at a retreat pa
Sector Colone] \\'i]mer S. Phillips' command at Fort
received new honors during August with the awa
"E" for excellence to one of the batteries, and
BRIGADIER GENERAL ROLLIN L. TILTON. Commffilding Richard ~ I. Lagatella's seacoast guns gave a COn
By Lieutellffilt Aloll:::.a F. Colonna demonstration 01' accuracy in a night firing test w
second ranging shot destroyed a 10-foot square
Progress toward the goals set for accomplishment of the target.
Chesapeake Bay Sector's defense mission has been reRected Brioadier
o Genera] David P. f larch., at Call1!) P
not only in the high state of training achieved in Brigadier reported the inauguration of a series of local beach d
General Rollin L. Tilton's command. but also in the com- combat matches in his brigade as a means of main
pletion of engineering projects that serve the purposes of the tactical and physical condition of units of the can
both utilitv and enhancement. The team method of training is employed. and sco
YVith t1;e recent completion of the Fort r.lonroc- James carefully recorded and inspected. General Hardy exp]
River Bridge access road. the once barren approach to the that the scheme still is in the trial stage, but new prOb
fort and the main gate have undergone a complete trans- and suggestions from participating teams are expect
formation. desioned
o
both for beautification and to eliminate result in giving the brigade one of its most effectual
the necessity of entering the reservation bv motorists using ing aids. The brigade also has begun a series of organi
the Norfolk ferrv. 'c rifle team matches, following the pattern of the nal
Traffic to and 'from the fort, under the new arrangement. event held annually at Camp Perry, Ohio. and all uni
passes through double gateway pillars constructed of brick, the post have entered five-man teams, including a
while ferry traffic is routed along a continuation of the manding officers' squad led by Genera] Hardy.
access road on the north beach outside of the fence. Two maneuvers at Fort Story, one conducted b
The section of the road on the post proper runs along the Chesapeake Bay Sector, gave the harbor defenses II
site formerly occupied by an abandoned trestle of the test, units being subjected to realistic aerial bombing
Chesapeake & Ohio railroad, which bordered the beach strafing, commando raids, and attacks by motor
front. The reclamation of the beach terrain, preparatory to boats and submarines. Adjacent air force and infantry
the actual construction of the road, was performed some provided planes and troops, while the mine com!
time ago by the District Engineer's office, and at the same Hotilla represented the enemy vessels for these probl
time, the stretch of sand running parallel to the road was
reclaimed and filled with a thick layer of top-soil obtained
from the reservoir at Big Bethel. Eventually, a broad lawn,
in keeping with the genera] attractiveness of the landscap-
ing at Fort r.lonroe, will take the place of the familiar sand
Rats.
Financed with Lanham Act funds after a survey con-
ducted by the Public Roads Administration in 1940 had
demonstrated the need for improved highway facilities in
this section, the access road by-passes Newport News,
Hampton and Phoebus, and relieves congestion in the trans-
portation of men and supplies to Fort Story, Camp Pend]e-
ton, the Norfo]k Naval Base, Nansemond Ordnance Depot
and Langley Fie]d, as well as to Fort iYlonroe.
At Camp Ashby, construction has been concluded after
many months of hard labor, and the command has settled
down to a rigid training schedule.
Major Genera] George Grunert, newly appointed deputy Newly constructed approach to Fort Monroe reduces
commander of the Eastern Defense Command and First through main gate. Motorists using Norfolk ferry are
Army, under Lieutenant Genera] Hugh A. Drum. paid to right, along access road continuation outside of
 first aid, life sa\ ing, leaping from deck:. \\ ith equipment,
the ability to improvise life preservers from equipment and
clothing. The physical hardening course is a "dry land"
parallel: lasting t\\ 0 weeks with three hours each day, it
consists of calisthenics, "Ioo-rollino," hand-to-hand fiohtino
and knife. and bayonet drill. """ " 0'

\ \'ith such rigorous activities on the daily program, Camp

Hulen's soldiers have turned gratefully to the entertain-
ments and diversions by Camp and LIsa personnel. The
AAATC band had pleased audiences each \ Vednesday and
Sunday night at concerts played in the open air theater be-
hind the Service Club. Admirably suited to the audience
selections have ranged from the modern classics to "Hit
Parade" tunes.
The Tow Target Squadron, so vital to the training of
the units in camp, has been given a new and more com-
GENERAL H. C. ALLEN, Commallding modious home. 1\ loving From its cramped quarters and
inadequate runways adjacent to the camp, it is no\\ in
By 1\ [ajar Prime F. OsboT/l
residence a mile Further north with complete Facilities for
enl and semi-tropical temperatures such as Hulen the convenience of personnel, servicing of planes, and
~ces during the long summer months are conducive operation of all missions. Concrete runwavs, taxiways, and
V to laziness and a "Iet-Georoe-do-it" feelino.0 But dispersal areas are among the welcome imlJrOvements. The
o
physical training and conditioning, of both pre- fonner flving field is now beino0 used durino b, davlioht
.I ~
hours
and optional varieties, has gone on vigorously. The by the AA units for gun and infantry drill.
arts program, under Special Services officers has Perhaps the greatest changes have taken place in the
ei! \\ ith inter-battalion softball, ooames with "out- make-up of the infiltration course. Now boasting seven
ms, and the army equivalent of the sandlot variety. machine guns, smoke, acrial bombs, and fifty-seven ex-
ent has been made available at the field house for plosive charges, it presents a real test to the man who be-
horseshoes, boxing, volleyball, and even track. lieves himself in the "fighting mood." Although there 3re
Ding program activities have complemented these actually only nineteen positions for explosions, each po-
'ons of the men by including regular bouts with sition contains three separate charoes
o
individuallv . wired ancl
ical hardening, infiltration, and functional swim- detonated. Six miles of tar-dipped wire went into the lavout
urses. The infiltration course is used by all person- of the simulated bomb set up. A 20-foot control t~"\'er
t the centralized plwsical,
hardenino 0 and functional north of the area and affording unobstructed vision is the
'ng classes are given to officers and selected non- heart of the course, and from it safetv ofllcers control the
ho in turn, act as instructors in their units. The firing of guns and charges. Here t11f~e banks of nineteen
Hulen pier, extending some 600 feet into Tres switches each operate the Y2pound explosi\'es. 1\ telephone
Bay, has been fitted with platforms, 20-foot wall in the tower connects with others in the starting trench
go net, simulating a ship's side, to be available to to coordinate movements and the firino.o
the course and For those enjoying off-hour reere- Another line, a "hot loop," goes to all seven machine guns
s... imminoo, The Functional swimmino o course teaches . for instantaneous instruction to the gunners, At the safety
76 THE COAST ARTILLER'i JOURNAL

" ... and don'c go near che wacer."

officer's elbow is a microphone connected to a public ad- charge of antiaircraft guns, automatic weapons, and
dress system which issues directions to operating personnel lights. Positions are so widely separated that section
and the troops using the course. The course is tested and and squad leaders may frequently be totally "on their ()
re-set each day, under the guidance of a maintenance crew Emergencies will constantly arise requiring command
experienced in blasting and detonations. These men are on all echelons to act without advice or help and each m
hand to set charges and insure maximum effectiveness com- able to handle these emergencies quickly. Commt
mensurate with required safety precautions. must have confidence in their ability to handle any sit
Training Center Headquarters has placed renewed em- that may arise.
phasis on the importance of retaining the unit organization 3. The squad leader or section leader must be a
ineluding that of the platoon section. In furtherance of the leader in every.- sense of the word. He must
program the Commanding General has issued the follow- Have an intimate, personal knowledge of his men
ing message to all unit commanders; their needs.
"1. To insure the effectiveness of small unit training it Hm'e a thorough knowledge of his materiel and
is essential that greatly increased emphasis be placed upon; methods by which it can be effectively used.
a. The development of leadership, a sense of personal Be able to select a suitable position and know h
responsibility and a deep feeling of devotion to dut)' fortify and camouflage it effectively.
on the part of platoon commanders, platoon sergeants, Be able to move his unit when and as required,
chiefs of section and squad leaders, and to go into action instantly to protect his unit or to
b. The tremend01lS importance of the 1W1lCOl1lmissiolled out his mission.
offzcer and the responsibilities which attach to his po- Have a thorough knowledge of field sanitation
siti01l. eluding the preparation and supen'ision of meals in
field.
Those battery commanders who have been most success- Insure the local securitv of his unit at all times.
ful in organizing and training their units have found that Have a practical worki~g knowledge of first aid
the battery command is not and cannot be a 'one-man' show. mene. This knowledge may mean the difference bet
vVhile the efficiency of the unit as a whole is a personal re- life and death to members of his crew.
sponsibility of the commander and may therefore not be Have the will and drive to carryon when tha
delegated, many of the subordinate duties and functions and drive are all that keep his unit going.
which make up the whole must of necessity be allotted to
and performed by others under competent supervision of 4. An antiaircraft A\V battery is not a group of 0
the responsible head. Remember that platoon commanders and men working as one large group. It is, rather, a
are not staff officers in the battery but actual unit com- headquarters and two platoons, each consisting of a
manders. ' quarters and four fire units. The platoons and fire
2. The platoon commanders, the platoon officers, and are widely scattered and each must function smooth]
platoon sergeants must be developed into real leaders who effectively with an able leader, commanding a weIl-t
habitually assume the full responsibilities of their positions and well-disciplined ere\\', if the battery as a whole
and make their platoons function effectively regardless of carry out its mission. The platoon and section e
difficulties. Combat experience of antiaircraft units in all must be retained at all times, and never broken up if'
theaters ?efinitely emphasizes the important but often new possibly be avoided.
- trainin and leadershi of the comman
 COAST ARTILLERY ACTIVITIES 77
bettery is of utmost importance and Potts. Camp Commander, an old friend. After being es-
be corted through the camp and also viewing firing exhibitions
bIe :te.ders a.re not developed in every echelon of at Sears Landing the former Coast Artillery chief ex-pressed
and iF true discipline is not instilled in all pleasure at the condition of troops and materiel.
,00II£ command, disaster will follow your unit every Colonel Parrv \N. Lewis is now President of the Anti-
ll:Jat. If you develop this leadership down to your aircraft Artillery Board.
nking noncommissioned officer and inculcate Both Brigadier General James R. Townsend, command-
'pline in all ranks, your unit can accomplish the im- ing general of the AAA TC, and Brigadier General Clare
nd come through with glory and unbelie,'ably low H. Armstrong, (who returned early in the summer from
temporary commands of Camps \\Tallace and Hulen, Texas)
impressed upon troops here that there should be no slack-
ening in the intensity of training because of recent triumphs
of American arms in Sicilv and in the Pacific. Rather,
both stressed the importan~e of maintaining morale and
training intensity at a high pitch. Both general officers are
advocates of realism in training and this trend has become
increasingly marked at this training center.
Singling out a particular unit. the 22Sth AAA (Search-
BRJGADIER GENERAL JAl\IES R. TOWNSEND. light) Battalion's training program throughout most of the
Commanding AAATC summer is a criterion of the methods pursued. This organ-
By Lielltenant Roger B. D01dellS ization conducted a more than two months' unbroken
bi,'ouac in a heavih- forested region center, some thirty
stern North Carolina's humid late summer and miles from Camp D;vis. J

tumn proved no deterrent to the tempo of the

program in progress at this installation.
ade of distinguished official and unofficial visitors
he ordered scheme of training and afforded various
portunity to exhibit the progress they have mack
aspects.
ng those who visited the Antiaircraft Artillery T rain-
ter were Undersecretary of \-Var Robert P. Pat-
Md a group of high office;s from \Vashington; Lieu-
General Lesley J. McNair, commanding general of
y Ground Forces; and 1\ lajor General Archibald
derland, retired, who was Chief of Coast Artillerv
936 to 1940..
ersecretary Patterson arrived at Camp Davis early
morning of August 7, accompanied by l\lajor Gen-
ichard C. Moore, Chief of Requirements Section,
Ground Forces. A short while later J\ lajor General
A. Green, commanding general of the Antiaircraft
~nd, also arrived.
owed an almost unbroken round of the AAATC's
us activities. Outstanding among the "shows" for
atterson were firing demonstrations by batteries of
types of antiaircraft artillery at the firing point at
Landing on the Atlantic. During these activities aerial
were brought down by unerring gunners for the
ion of the visitors. Ending his tour of the AAA TC.
cretary Patterson partook of "chow" from a mess Sergeant Andrew Schneider draws a bead on a target on the
th a unit bivouacked near camp. new tommy-gun range while Major Frank Anneberg operates
rall\lcNair's visit was brief. Arriving on the morn- the levers of the target control system which he devised. Simple
August 16, the AGF chief left late in the afternoon in construction and easy to operate, the tar~et control system
'ewed the Brigade commanded by Brigadier General has proved very successful as a means of training men in firing
at surprise targets. The levers, which are made of two-by-fours
H. Armstrong, and witnessed firing at aerial targets about four feet long, are attached by wires to ordinary silhou-
. us automatic weapons units. General i\lc~air also ette targets, which can be brought up singly, in rapid series,
the 1st Composite British Demonstration Battery, or two or more at a time. \X'hen the lever is moved forward,
ped here at the time, and viewed an exhibition of as shown in the photograph, the target is brought up into a
y the gunners from across the sea. vertical position, and when the lever is returned to its original
position the target falls to the ground through its own weight.
r General Sunderland "dropped in" for a visit to The tommy-gun range has six firing points and thirty targets,
TC's activities as the guest of Colonel Adam E. five targets for each firing point.
 THE COAST \RTILLERY JOllRNAL

Spreading out over nearly 300 square miles, \\ ith bat-

talion headquarters in Burgaw, the county seat of Pender
County, ~. G, the 225th underwent training in every
phase of its particular function. In addition to steady appli-
cation to tactical problems. the battalion underwent a hard-
ening process which gained particular approbation from
General Townsend. The area is infested with snakes and
other reptiles and insects indigenous to the network of
swamps and "bush" to be found in this tide\\'ater section.
fhe bulk of the battalion's personnel are "city" boys and
near the conclusion of their bivouac thev had become re-
markably inured to the presence of the' creepy denizens.
Many of them had even partaken of rattlesnake steaks. All
had learned to live and be moderately comfortable, through Signs similar to the one above have been posted lLt'
their own labors, under the most unfavorable natural con- entrance to Camp Tyson in a continuing drive to safe
military information.
ditions.
A "tommy-gun" range was completed to augment the Center at Camp Tyson on July 19. He replaced Bn
continually growing array of training features cmbodied General John B. Maynard who was made cornman
in the AAATC's battle conditioning course. The range general of the Antiaircraft Artillery Replacement T
employs a unique target control system devised by Major ing Center at Fort Eustis, Virginia.
Frank Anneberg, Combat Conditioning Officer for the Camp Tyson is not an unfamiliar post to Colonel D
MATC at this post. At small expense the control system ham as he was a member of the \Var Department Board
provides ready control of the targets which may be raised at selected possible sites for the new Barrage Balloon T rai
various and-to the trainee-unexpected points at which he Centcr. It was Colonel Dunham's personal inspection
is expected to quickly direct his fire, thus developing re- report that finally located the new camp at Paris, Ten
Aexes and marksmanship under realistic conditions. sec. As Chief of the Barrage Balloon Division he v'
On the athletic side, the Camp Davis "Fighting AA's" Camp Tyson many times on problems of supply and
came out victorious in a spring and summer long baseball teriel and aided in conducting most of the Antiair
campaign in the Cape Fear League, a group of six crack Command inspcctions of this Post.
sandlot baseball teams ccntering in the busy industrial town An impressive provisional brigadc parade and review
of vVilmington, N. G, thirty miles away. Bob Vaugh, who stagcd for General i\ Iaynard prior to his departure for
was a Detroit Tiger "farm hand," scheduled for big league Eustis. A fcature of this parade was the presence of
competition later, pitched nine victories out of eleven starts. VLA balloons being towed by jeeps and one large L \
Three victories were hurled in five days . loon Avina from a mobilc winch. It marked the first
Facing its third successive season of gridiron competition, . "
that balloons have actually taken part in a formal revi
the "Fighting 1\1\'s," uncleI' the leadership of i\ lajor Henry Following the parade, the battalions formed in t\\ a 1
A. Johnson, post athletic officer, have undertaken their most lines from the General's quarters to the railroad station
ambitious schedule so far. Thev were to lead off with a bid him farewcll.
game against \ Vake Forest College, September 25, followed Colonel Dunham, new BBTC commander, has n
by games with such teams as North Carolina State, Chapel personal visits to each battalion and talked with the 1
Hill Pre-Flight, and the University of North Carolina. about problems that face these units.
Aiding i\lajor Johnson in the coaching field as well as play- Two batterics have just returned to Camp from exten
ing will be last year's veteran, Johnny i\Iellus, former All- maneuvers in which the capabilities and limitations of
American tackle at Villanova and later member of the New raae
o balloons were demonstrated. Successful execution
York Giants National League professional club. problems assigned them was reported by the 101st Bat
VLA which participated in both the Second Arm)
neuvcrs in Tennessee and the Third Army maneuver
Louisiana. Batterv A of the 316th Battalion has retu
from a month of training at the Desert Training Center
Camp Tyson California. Colonel Dunham was an observer for se
days at the Third Army maneuvers.
The Plans and Training Section of BBTC has erect
booby-trap training course consisting of houses and s .
armed with all types of booby traps and personnel III
COLONEL \\'. H. DUNHA;\I, JR., Commanding The troops are learning effectively how to disarm t
Barrage Ballooll Training Center lethal devices. A .sO-caliber 1\ lachine Gun Trainer
By Captain F. R. Alexander been installed in each Battalion area and 6fty enlisted
who showed pro6ciency in this course have already
Colonel \Villiam H. Dunham, Jr., fonner Chief of the sent to the Antiaircraft Artillery Training Center at
Barrage Balloon Division of the Antiaircraft Command, be- Sheridan, Illi~ois, for a special cou:se whic~ \'l1illp
 COAST ARTILLERY AGfIVITIES

riRe range, covering some 960 acres and having

distance firing ranges of 100, 200, and 300 yards
ansition range up to 500 yards. has been opened
I be used by the tactical troops.
nd obstacle course, much tougher than the first.
:n constructed over the rolling hills near the Post
's area. It is so designed that no two successive ob-
use the same set of muscles. A huge swimming pool
under construction and will be used both for reere-
d training purposes.
tt.llions on the Post have now had 0PI~.Htunity to
r qualification \\"ith the ,\ 11 riAe. t\ new battalion
for re-fire was established bv the battalion com-
b\ Lieutenant Colonel \Valter A Johnson, when
of the battalion was qualified. Battery B of the same
tion broke all camp records by qualifying 100% of

units have undergone further training in gas defense.

hamber is used to acquaint the troops with the I~ffects
'oh
o
concentration of toxics in a small area and in
clefense against chemical warfare.
\ \ c\C officers, the first to be assigned to Camp
arrived in August and were assigned as operational
ts. "\11 five were Third Officers and were varioush
1 as Assistant Commissary and Sales Officer, A~- Colonel W illiam H. Dunham, Jr., new commanding officer of
'
Finance Officer. Assistant Property Officer. Assistant BBTC, visits one of the VLA balloon crews in the field and is
shown inspecting a hand-operated winch. Private Clyde Fur-
tlll Personnel Officer. and Assistant Special Service
rough is standing by.

iJian employees on the Post have established an cnvi- staoed bv the 317th Battalion ]Jroved so successful in its
cord for the purchase of \Var Bonds throuoh the
" ,
two showings on this Post, that the production was used as
t'>
I) payroll deduction plan. Over 99% of all such the main feature of a highly successful \Var Bond Rally at
) ees arc purchasing bonds totalling in excess of 11 % i\ lavfleld, Kentuckv.
ir monthly earnings. This record compares favorably Baseball held tllC sport spotlight during the summer
U1C best installations in the country. months with the garrison following the fortunes of an of-
ralization of servicemen who we're foreign nationals ficial camp team and two inter-battalion leagues. Boxing is
they entered the Army, is a continuing process at also gaining in popularity an.d regular 8-bout shows are be-
Tyson. Twenty-four enlisted men from this head- ing staged between the \'arious battalion teams. A schedule
rs were the latest to be granted citizenship before a is also being drawn up for touch-football.
I Court convened at Jackson, Tennessee. The proc- Plans are being made to stimulate soldier-art on this Post
has been facilitated by the new regulations which and already three large oil paintings depicting military sub-
t applications for citizenship after having served jects have been hung in Service Club No.1. Efforts are be-
bly for one month or more and upon recommenda- ing made to design and execute a number of murals for the
their commanding officer. walls of both Service Clubs.
TC troops have another new recreational facility: The name of General Lawrence D. Tyson, for whom
ew bowling alleys have been constructed and are now Camp Tyson was named, was further memorialized when a
ly use except Sunday. Recreation for Sunday e\-ening deep-water cargo vessel, launched July 1 at the yards of the
vided by the two BBTC Bands who alternate playing ;\forth Carolina Shipbuilding Company at \Vilmington,
clay Evening Concert in the Camp's huge amphi- N. c., was christened the S. S. Lmr'TellCe D. Tyson in
. Both symphonic and popular arrangements are in- honor of Tennessee's distinguished military and civi~ figure .
in each program. The christening was performed by ,\ Irs. Kenneth Gilpin of
All-Soldier musical comedv. Balloollatics of 1943, Boyce, Virginia, daughter of the late Senator Tyson.
 The JOURNAL can supply any book in
at the usual Association discount

Professional Interest
Two by Fuller are thousands in the Army who would profit by reading It.
Colonel Greene has been with AGF since its inception,
ARMORED 'WARFARE. By l\lajor General J. F. C. Fuller.
as editor of the Illfalltry JOllmaI, has been in a position tt)
Ilarrisburg: The i.\lilitary Service Publishing Company,
serve all the ramifications of this huge, smooth-running 0
1943. 189 Pages; Charts; $1.00.
ization. He explains in plain English just what AGF's fun
MACHINE WARFARE. By l\lajor General J. F. C. Fuller. are, and how its G's, Ground Requirements, Ground P
Washington: The Infantry Journal, 1943.257 Pages; Charts. the different Commands, and other subordinate units f
251 (to members of the armed forces only). them.
A book of this sort inevitably discusses training, since
Although the titles of these two books by England's tank ing is AGF's primary function. It is in his calm, dispassio
enthusiast may be confusing, they need not be. The first book, but interesting analysis of training methods and facilities
Armored VI arfare, was first written in 1932 in protest against Colonel Greene does his best work; he explains why mil
the fact that the British staff schools were ignoring the subject trainino is conducted as it is in a manner that is readily u
of armored warfare. Its title was FSR III, which was meant standabIe. The parents of Private Joe Doaks, worried becau
to emphasize the fact that FSR II left tanks out of the picture. Inl1ltration Courses and the fact that Joe, who wanted to
The present edition, the first American edition, has been an- truck driver, is being trained as a telephone man, can put
notated and thus brought up to date by the author. Although this book with the feeling that the Army knows best.
FSR 1II had little sale in England or America, Marshal
Timoshenko insisted that a copy be placed in every day room
of the Russian arm", and the Germans, too, made wide use of
Reasonable Approach
the book. The book'is a stud" of the use of armored vehicles in
the war of the future (\Vorld \Var II, in this case). The Ger- AIR PO\VER AND TOTAL WAR. By Cy Caldwell.
mans and Russians learned something from the book, and used York: Coward-l\1cCann, 1943.242 Pages; $2.50.
what the" learned. Cv Caldwell is a peculiar aviator-he is a reasonable ~
l'\'lachi~e lVarfare, written in 1942, is a general treatise on who' believes in the importance of the plane and of air po
the use of machines in total war, and in a way, is a reexamina- but still believes that there is a place for the foot-soldier
tion of the author's theories in view of the developments during the sailor. While Seversky and Ziff want us to win the
the present war. Although much of it is justification and ex- today with tomorrow's planes, Caldwell calmly outlines
planation for what he wrote before, much of it also presents a conclusions on why that isn't such a good idea-and man
new method of evaluating the actions of the present war. his conclusions are new conclusions; resulting from what be
learned in studying the present war. 1\'lost air writers shout
loud for a separate air force-Caldwell indicates that it d
Training Command make a lot of difference either way, that the men and the pi
would still operate to the best of their ability; and he.r
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ARMY heresies, he points out that in at least one case, an aIT
GROUl\'D FORCES. By Colonel Joseph I. Greene. New mander who was in supreme command of a theater lost
York: 'yV. 'y\,. Norton Company, 1943. 204 Pages; Charts;
portant naval and ground units ..
Index; $2.50. All this does not mean that Caldwell is sour on hiS
Even in the militarv service there are those who are con- specialty; it means merely that he used reason inst
fused by the terms "A~y Ground Forces" and "army ground emotion, research instead of intuition, and that he foun
forces." There are others who, although affected in their daily airplane good, but not the only answer to the winning of a
duties by different agencies of AGF, have no idea of just what I am glad that this perfect answer to the air fanatics was w
that important subdi\'ision of the Army does. Although Colo- not by a "spray-blinded admiral, or a dust-blinded general
nel Greene's book was designed for civilian consumption, there by a noted flyer and aviation writer.
 BOOK REVIEWS 81

Complere Texrj ;-;1========================================;-1

AR. By Carl van Clausewitz. Translated by O. J.
hijs Jolles. New York: Random House, 1943.631 Pages; Manual for Courts-Martial
. $1.45. (1928 EdiliOll)
item belon2s in our l\'ews and C01l/mellt section, rather A
~
Ith the book reviews, since no reasonable reviewer would
n Exacr Reprinr-Paper Covers
to evaluate van Clausewitz in a military journal at this The cloth-bound government edition of this neces-
e, especially in the space allotted. It is an important fact, sary book is not always available, since the demand is
, that at last there is available the complete text of so heavy. The JOURNAL, through a private arrange-
flf, in English, and at a price that every soldier can af- mem, can supply these exact reprints immediately_
is book stands among the top five of practically every regardless of the status of the official edition.
list for officers, and it has always been hard, even im-
to find. Here we have,! full translation at a price that
$1.00
it possible for every officer to include this volume in his

Over-All Picrure Batter}' Duties

THE ARl\IY FIGHTS. By Lowell M. Limpus. New
: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1943. 372 Pages; COAST ARTILLERY CORPS:
iography; Index; Illustrated; $3.00. A Checklisr
of the most pleasant surprises that can befall a book re- The only summary in print of those varied duties
is to open a book reluctantly, and find that his pre- that come under the head of "housekeeping." \X1hile
ent was 100% wrong. As a newspaper "military expert," part of the administrative duties listed are prescribed
I Limpus is no worse than most but not as good as some. under regulations, the larger part consists of those un-
ponsibility for filling a column day after day with mili- written administrative customs that have gradually
bservations must be deadly. evolved into almost standard practice.
11 reporter, however, Limpus can move to the front rank.
251t for single copies, posrpaid
produced what might be termed a primer of military
and tactics for the layman that is a combination of fine QUANTITY ORDERS:
lItion, moderate thinking, and thorough reporting. The 1 to 10 copies: 25 ~ each
takes up such topics as the employment of air and 11 to 50 copies: 21~ each
forces, training, War Department organization, and 51 or more copies: 19~ each
hip, and reduces them to terms that any reasonably in-
t person can understand. His opinions, when he gives
s. are considered and removed from faddism, and both
{hetic and fair to all concerned. His facts, too, seem to
been checked and rechecked with experts in each field-
whole, the book is a professional job that does credit
Identification
the Army and the author. The uniforms and insignia of all armies are de-
rge section on organization and employment of AM is scribed and pictured in this new book. In addition
lady well done. there is a special section of color plates which shows
all American Army insignia and the aircraft markings
and flags of all nations.
This is the most comprehensive of all military
Conrernporary History identification books, and is as nearly complete and
leA'S NAVY IN WORLD WAR II. By Gilbert Cant. accurate, as wartime restrictions on military infor-
mation permit.
York: The John Day Company, 1943. 401 Pages;
ndices; Index; Illustrated; $3.75.
II-known writer on naval affairs, Mr. Cant has turned
k, temperate, and complete account of our naval action
d \Var II, with some criticism, much praise, and a mul-
of authenticated facts. Some of his material was hitherto
and because it was released in driblets to the general A Colorful Marching Song!
~ it was released at all, the layman found difficulty in
ng the information with the previous releases on the The Coast Artillery's Own
tion. Mr. Cant has correlated the information so that
ion or event described includes all the information now
Crash on! Artillery
Officially adopted by tbe U. S. Coast ATtilleT)
rticular interest are the accounts of the cooperation Associatio1l
Our navy and Britain's Beets, with explanations of
e seemingly unreasonable and inefficient aspects of Band.75t Piano Solo. SOt
ration are the approved solutions to the problems
82 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL September-
r.=======================================::;-I Heavy but Nourishing
STUDIES O~ \V AR. From the pages of Military It
Washington: The Infantry Journal, 1943. 158 Pages;

SPEECH Military Affairs, the journal of the American ;\lilitary

tute, is a too-little known magazine that is written and
by students of the military, in and out of the service. The
stitute itself, unfortunately, is a rather small organization,
\'oted to the "deeper" aspects of military thought and m
for the history. Although the magazine does not run to artie.b
technique or minor tactics, its searching articles on the
aspects of war are often intensely interesting to the m

MILITARY student who can lift his mind above the level of morning T
and Saturday morning inspections.
This paper-bound book contains thirteen articles fI
J\1ilitary Affairs, on such diverse subjects as "1\loltke'
By COLE S. BREMBECK and tegical Concepts," "German Ideas of a l\1ilitary Soci
ALBERT A. RIGHTS "1\lonetary Problems of Military Occupation," and
Bridger: A \Vestern Community." As Captain Harvey
\Veerd, former editor of the magazine, writes in his for
There are few horn speakers-most of the good "The studies presented do not make for easy reading, but
ones have taken instruction at one time or another. will repay the time spent on them."
Army officers speak to large groups practically every
day-a good speaking technique is a definite asset to
a military career.
Navy Medicos
For Classroom or Self-Stud)' DOCTORS AWEIGH. By Rear Admiral Charles 1\1.
New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1943.
$1.20 Pages; Illustrated; $2.50.
This story of the Navy Medical Corps could have been
boring-but not at the hands of Admiral Oman. The Ad .
writing is superb; he has lived the story he tells. He pI'
the general picture of the Navy Medical Corps' work, br'
ened and enlivened with little tales from his own broad
perience and the experiences of other medical officers.

MILIT~RY JUSTICE humor becomes rather robust at times, but it is never in

taste in the circumstances.
The Navy Medical Corps performs much the same fun
as its Army counterpart, with the additional variety occasio
for the by service with the Marines and odd chores in foreign ports.
like the Army, stresses preventative medicine, but is prepa
to take a hand in everything from obstetrics to psychiatry.

FIELD SOLDIER
The Air Argument
By LIEUTENANT COLONEL
FREDERICK BERNAYS WIENER THE USE OF AIR POWER. By Flight-Lieutenant V. E.
Blunt. Harrisburg: Military Service Publishing Com
1943. 162 Pages; $1.00.
Here's the book that will set every soldier assigned
to a military court on the right path, explaining to When this book appeared in England in 194 I, Lieute
him his duties and how to perform them whether he Blunt had requested permission to have the book published
general circulation. Permission was refused, so the author
be a member of the court, defense counselor trial
signed his commission in order to get the book published.
judge advocate. Plus a complete Appendix which in-
book created quite a stir in England, and was widely revi
cludes a list of lesser included offenses with citations,
in Germany. This is the first American edition.
Amendments to the 1920 Articles of War to January
1, 1943, and Amendments to the 1928 Manual for
Courts-Martial to January 1, 1943. WD Circular 105,
I Blunt's discussion of the use of air power is orthodat
some parts, and extremely controversial in others. He adv
an organization in which Ground, Sea, and Air have
April 19, 1943, is included as a separate supplement. powers under an integrated department, not as separate
ices, but as one huge service. This idea, of course is not
$1.00 I although some of the arguments this book presents are
Although few might go along with Blunt in everything he
there is much in this short volume that will open new a
II for thinking.
 BOOK REVIE\VS 83
.. , Continued
CAL WARFARE. By Francis Vivian Drake. New
1: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1943. 142 Pages;
rated; $3.00.
I
jacket of this book carries the subtitle: The bombing pro-
01J which the United St<ltes Air Force and the R.A.F. are
their operations and their plans. The discussion of the
I
I
I
PERSONAL COMBAT
"'Ii ties and achievements of air power is backed up by the

I' KILL OR GET

of specific instances and by actual combat pictures,
gh the reader cannot help but feel that the selection of
. I has been weighted in favor of air power over land and
wer.
re is more about our bomb sight in the book than has
red in almost any other publication available to the gen- II. KILLED
public, as well as some details of late air operations that
not appeared in the public prints. The triumphs of air
I
"

rdment in Africa and in other areas make good reading. By MAJOR REX APPLEGATE
discussion of the relationship between precision bombing
the British type of saturation bombing will disappoint ex-
REALISTIC ofJeme-in unadorned language that
ts in favor of both methods.
is easy to understand, and with pictures that are easy
f to follow.
It is a book about an increasingly important aspect
Texts and Technical of war as it exists today-offensive fighting at close
quarters with and without weapons. It is a book in-
Old Reliable
tended to be itself a weapon: a weapon to kill
OFFICER'S GUIDE. Harrisburg: l\lilitary Service Pub- enemies and to save the lives of our own men that they
ing Company, 1943. 567 Pages; Illustrated; Index; $2.50. may kill more enemies. That is what "total war"
. latest edition brings up-to-date a book that has come to means: that is the challenge that our soldiers must
arded as a "must" purchase by every officer in the Army meet. It is not the kind of war that we in America
Iso by many enlisted men. It combines within one volume would choose, but it is the kind of war that, since it
wealth of information both official and traditional about has been forced upon us, we are determined to win.
rmy that makes this book unique among available mil i-
ubJications.
ch of this edition has been rewritten and several new $2.00
es added to catch up with current \Var Department
5 in organization, administration, supply, and command.
when rapid changes of station limit the number of
an officer can carry with him, this book should be in-
in his personal tr;veling library.

Two Bits' \'V'orth

HOLOGY FOR THE FIGHTING MAN. Washington:
Infantry Journal, 1943. 447 Pages; Index; Illustrated;
MODERN JUDO
ENLARGED EDITION
unfortunate that this valuable book carries the title it
The word "psychology" will frighten off tens of thou-
By CHARLES YERKOW
of prospective purchasers who should read the book, be-
it has a forbidding sound to the man without much MODERN JUDO was published in December,
education. There is nothing forbidding about the book. 1942; reprinted in April, 1943 and June, 1943. It had
in simple (not childish) language how the soldier's 296 pages of text and 400 illustrations, making it the
and mind may be used to make himself a better soldier most complete book on judo ever published. However,
better man-and I don't mean this necessarily in the
sense. Mr. Charles Yerkow, the author, was not satisfied, and
be has prepared two more parts, which almost double
to see, how to hear, how to make use of the sense of
'mple things, but so few of us know how to make the the book. 296 pages have grown to 530 and 400
Our senses, and to understand our own minds and the illustrations to 700. The price has increased from
of others. This book tells how. The book applies to the $2.00 to $3.00.
as well as to the general-there is something for both in 83.00
ty-five center. 0:0 soldier can read the book without
something that will help him do his part in winning
No ~~r~t::~~~~~~
t:.~ ~~~.!~~~~~:n~ormation that U. ...:..:..._
84 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOUR~AL September
Standard Text
ELE~1ENTS OF ORDNANCE. By Brigadier

GET TOI~GH! Thomas J. Hayes. New York: John \Viley & Sons,
1938. 700 Pages; Index; Illustrated; $6.50.
This textbook, used at the i\lilitary Academy, is
How to Win a revision of Textbook of Ordnance and Gunnery, p
in 1929. General Hayes has not only brought the work up
In Hand-to-Hand Fighting date, but has managed to transform it into a particularly
textbook on what is at best a difficult subject. The liberal
As taught to the British Commandos of charts' and pictures assists the student in understandino
and the u.
S. Armed Forces principles and applications of the varied facets of the sub'
0

By CAPTAIN W. E. FAIRBAIRN f f

$1.00 Standard Text, Jr.

EXTERIOR BALLISTICS. By Brigadier General Tho
And the Companion Book for Women Hayes. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1938.98 P
Paper bound; $1.00.

I HA~~DS ftFF! This is essentially a reprint of Chapters X and XII

I (By the Same Author)

Elements of Ordnance, reviewed ~bove. The two chaptea
titled, "Exterior Ballistics," and "Bombing from Airplanes.
those whose duties require information and instruction in
I Unarmed Defense for Women-Tells I
I

two subjects, and who cannot alford the complete book, or

not care to carry the large volume with them, this smaller
in Pictures and Text How to Beat Off I

should be most helpful. The reprint was designed es

I Attacks. I

for assistance to engineers and other civilians who are

75et unfamiliar problems in connection with war work, but
I' officers also should nnd it valuable.

f ~ f
!\.EEP 'IE'I R()LLI~G
Laudable Start
(COAST ARTILLERY EDITION)
THE THERMODYNAi\llCS OF FIREARMS. By CIa
THE DRIVERS' HANDBOOK Robinson. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., I
By RICHARD GORDON McCLOSKEY 175 Pages; Illustrated; $2.50.
Written For Coast Artillery Drivers This book is intended to give beginners in interior ba
Written About Coast Artillery Materiel some idea of what takes place in a gun. Some of the gI
\Vritten by an Expert in Motor Transportation covered is treated, perhaps slightly better, in Tschappat's
nance and Gunnery, but many of the topics treated, sue
Buy Every Driver a Copy the stoichiometry and physical chemistry of the bumi
They'll respond to the man-in-the-shop language propellants and the analysis of closed chamber experi
and to the many cartoons and illustrations. although available in various places in ordnance liteI1lt
Pocket-sized and bound in a durable, flexible cloth have never before been collected in textbook form in En
cover. This much-needed integration of the subject is the pri
1 to 10 copies: 50~ each contribution of the book.
11 or more copies: 40~ each Present restrictions on publication in this field render
difficult the writing of a satisfactory book of such a nil
Yet, even with due allowance for such a handicap, there
number of errors which detract in some measure from
Gl '\ '\ERS'I I'STRl CTf()"\ authoritative quality of the work. The author, however, is
P \ 'IPIILEl'~ commended for taking the initiative in attempting such a
difficult task. With proper revision the book may fill the
NOW IN TECHNICAL MANUAL SERIES need for a basic treatment of interior ballistics.
TM 4-305 1st and 2d Class Gunner, II
f f ~
Fixed Artillery 75f
TM 4-310 Expert Gunner, Fixed Artillery 50~ Small Arms Primer
TM 4-315 1st and 2d Class Gunner, FIREARMS AND THEIR USE. By W. T. Castles and
Mobile Seacoast Artillery 60~ Kimball. Brooklyn: The Chemical Publishing Co
TM 4-320 Expert Gunner, 1942. 216 Pages; References; Index; Illustrated; $1.
Mobile Seacoast Artillery 55~ Anyone who tries to buy a serviceable pistol, shotgun,
TM 4-335 Expert Gunner, Antiaircraft Artillery 40~ these days will realize that there is a great scarcity of
articles, and that huge prices are being paid for fireann~
100/0 Discount on above Prices in Lots of 100 or More few years ago would have been considered unse
"1"'1"
 BOOK REVIEWS 85

elementary textbook on the subject is of value to I.

at the game. This book offers much information about
firearms and their functioning in general. l\lore iI- I A BOOKLIST RECOMMENDED FOR
s would have helped, but there is much sound infor-
ENLISTED SPECIALISTS
the beoinner
0'
in anv event. Especiallv, valuable is the
rences, which is a fine bibliography for further study. FOR PREPARATORY STUDY
Practical Arithemetic, Part I (Palmer) $1.25
New School Algebra (Wentworth) 1.50
The Enemy; The Ground Plane Geometry (Palmer) 1.32
U\C AND PATROLLING: THE SOLDIER, THE :Modern English (Book II) (Emerson-Bender) 1.10
, THE GROUND. \Vashington: The Infantry Journal, The Palmer Method of Business Writing (Palmer)
123 Pages; Illustrated; 25~. (Penmanship) 30
the same excellent instruction methods and style that Words (Sorelle and Kitt) (Spelling) 50
OUi to Shoot the U. S. Army Rifle so popular and Applied Business English and Applied Business
this new book should be in the hands of every officer Correspondence (Hagar and Sorelle) 1.00
ructs, and of every enlisted man who will ever nnd Radio Handbook 2.25
ithin rifle-shot of an enemy. !\Iovement, concealment,
hat to look for, how to report it, how to search terrain,
Felldterrain-it's all here, and presented with inspired Ho,v The Jap Army Fights
that make it possible for the dullest mentality to grasp
ns and to retain them. \Vhat to expect when fighting Japs.
little book, if placed in the hand of enough soldiers
ior leaders, should save many American lives. Action 25~
progressive movement pictures, humor, and down-to-
ight-talking text combine to put over the lessons that
r be learned in dull lectures. Guerrilla Warfare
Informal fighting methods, scouring, individual
combat, and sabotage.
The Art of Mayhem
R GET KILLED. By Major Rex Applegate. Harris- 25~
Military Service Publishing Company, 1943. 175
Illustrated; $2.00.
Applegate comes in on the tail-end of a long proces-
Psychology for the
ayhem-and-murder books, but he has profited by the Fighting Man
of those who rushed into print earlier. The Major How to get the most from your mind and body, both
in unarmed offense, rather than unarmed defense- in the army and in your life afterwards. Not a "fad"
use only when unarmed. He is realistic enough to em- book, but a serious work by fifty nationally-known
scientists.
that a club is better than the bare hands, a knife better
lub, a pistol better than a knife, other things being 25~
o the author, the art of cripple and kill is not a sport or 11 to 50 copies: 21c each 51 or more copies: 19c each
game, but a deadly serious business-kill or get killed.
, suggestions, and good plain horse sense in un-
language make this book easy to understand. The Attack
rives at the idea that sportsmanship and mercy have
in the calculations while we are fighting the dirtiest
By F. O. MIKSCHE
of all time. A study of Blitzkrieg tactics.

$2.50
New Presentation
OOK OF .ELEMENT ARY PHYSICS. By Robert Lee's Lieutenants
Lindsay. New York: The Dryden Press, Inc., 1943.
ages; Index; Illustrated; $2.25. ,I
II
A Study in Command
ket of this unusual physics book states, "This volume I By DR. DOUGLAS SOUTHALL FREEMAN
I
to be used either (l) as a textbook for the college The second volume of this great three-volume work is
I
physics or (2) as a student's companion and hand- now available.
mpany a comprehensive text. This volume ... is Dr. Freeman's four-volume work on Lee himself estab-
help the student to a thorough grasp of the subject; lished him as the foremost historian and biographer of
'm ready means for clearing up the things that are Southern leaders. Every military man will want to read
to him; to provide a rapid review of fundamentals; these two volumes of LEE'S LIEUTENANTS.
ulate and broaden his study of physics." Vol. 1. Manassas to Malvern Hill $5.00
removed from a conventional physics book, both in
Vol. 2. Cedar Mountain to Chancellorsville $5.00
t of material and in choice of problems and lan-
II •• "
86 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL
An "Illustrated Dictionary of Terms" takes up pages
270, and a series of appendices, including a chrono

Professional Books tory of physics. bibliography, collection of useful

tables of physical constants, and tables fill the rest of the
All in all. it makes a nice desk book for any person
For the Coast Artilleryman work entails problems in physics. or who is merely in
in the subject.
-*- f f f

Aerial Road Map

NAVIGATION: A i\L~NUALFOR STUDENT FLYERS, By
COAST ARTILLERY Kingsland and D. W. Seager. New York: Oxford U .
The most eomplete volume on Coast Artillery tactics and technique
available. More than 1600 pages, approximately 725 illustrations and Press, 1943.91 Pages; Exercises; Solutions; Index; III
numerous tables $6.00
$1.00.
Without waste of words or time, this little book presents
elements of aerial navigation in terms that are as far frara
BATTERY DUTIES: A Checklist nical as might be possible. It is a serious book for seri<JltS
The only summary of the varied duties that come under the head dents, not a get-rich-quick sugar-coated pill for dabbl
of "housekeepinll"" in a Coast Artillery battery. Some of the duties
are prescribed in regulations, but most of the booklet deals with the stresses the fundamental principles of navigation. A ..
many unwritten customs and shortcuts that have become more or
leu standard practice-and II"reat time savers 5.25 with fair mathematical background, willing to dig in se .
should get much out of this little volume.

f f' f
ROOTS OF STRATEGY For Forgetters
Lt. Co!. Thomas R. Phillips
ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPLY NOTEBOOK
This is the only compilation of the master words of the master
soldiers of the centuries. The imperishable military tactics of Sun CHECKLIST OF SUl\IMARIZED REGULATIONS. Harri
Tzu (500 B.C." Vegetius (390 A.D.), Marshal de Saxe (1732), Fred-
erick the Great (1747). and Napoleon, some of them unobtainable in i\lilitary Service Publishing Company, 1943. 92 Pages,
English, have been newly translated and annotated. A fundamental
military book 53.00 The title page of this pocket-sized, notebook style
PRINCIPLES OF WAR reads, "A handy digest of regulations governing unit admin
tion and supply in convenient checklist form, An exce
Carl von Clausewitz
guide to new duties and a grand refresher that keeps y
A historical distillation of VOM KRIEGE done by Clausewitx him-
self, and translated, edited and annotated by Hans W. Gatxke of to date with regulations." Inside we find pay tables.
Williams College. "The Nazis:' says Major Miksche, author of
BLITZ KREIG, "apply Clausewitx in an even more total manner than phases, conversion tables, organization charts, and a cal
Ludendorff ever thought of doing." This vital book is the Blueprint
for German conquests .. , $1.00 before we get into the meat of the book, which is a well
ized list of pertinent AR's and other publications arranged
such headings, as, "Reports of Change," "Funds," "Dailv
M~ JHieil«;e~ Report," "Supply Rooms," etc. Lined memorandum pages
S-2 IN ACTION plcte the notebook.
Lt. Col. Shipley Thomas This could be a very valuable little pocket-piece, es
The technique of securing combat information. Not a cut-and-dried for the type of officer or noncom who cannot remember
textbook, but a vivid and easily understood exposition of military particular AR to cover the particular problem arising.
intelligence based on the experiences of the author-who has "been
through the mill." One of the best how-to-do-it military books. $1.50 reviewer will safeguard his review copy.

<J1u Reoi gecMi 'W~ f f' f

PSYCHOLOGY AND THE SOLDIER Airplane Figures

Norman Copeland BASIC l\IATHEl\IATICS FOR AVIATION. By
"Morale is the most powerful weapon known to man ... again Ayres, Jr. Boston: Houghton Millin Company, 1943
and again it has been the means of turning defeat into victory."'
This is the crux of the author'. belief. which is elaborated in easil)' Pages; Tables; Index; lIlustrated; $3.25.
understood. non-technical language. Covering a wide range from
primitive fear to sex. this discussion of fighting psychology is both Basic Mathematics covers the practical mathematics
a challenge and a revelation .. , ...•....•................... $1.00
pilot must know. Starting with the simple combinati
addition, it progresses by easy stages (without wasting
time on the way) through Algebra, Geometl)', and T ri
MANEUVER IN WAR etl)" The exercises are practical, rather than fanciful. a
Colonel C. A. Willoughby right to the heart of the operation under discussion.
The panorama of battlefield movements and the pattern of develop-
essentials are stripped out. This is a book for self-study.
ing schemes of warfare are displayed in realistic array through the
centuries of military histol')'. 182 easily followed maps, divested of f f' f
clutter, illustrate the "how" of mass, surprise. direction and all the
principles of war from the earliest times through the Spanish
Civil war, ..........................•...... ', 53.00 "Take Care of Yourself"
ON YOUR OWN. Bv Samuel A. Graham and
Order ALL Books From O'Roke i\linneapolis:' University of ;\linnesota, 194
pages; lIlustrated; $2.00.
The Coast Artillery Joumal \\Tritten by two faculty members of the School of
"n,.1 l'.ron<prvMin nF J iversitv of \lichioan t
 BOOK REVIEVJS 8i
s.ubtitle, How to Take Care of Yourself in \Vild
How to find food, directions, and comfort; which
other fauna may be eaten and how to catch them;
ts are edible and which are poisonous; how to take
Professional Books
urself in numerous types of emergencies: how to
ber of specified diseases-it's all in this small volume.
For the Coast Artilleryman
possible criticism of the work is that in places it does
enough detail to be foolproof for the big-city tender- -*-
1 1 1
Thi. new book hu been keyed directly to the wartime need. of
officers and men. Two chapters on foreign map reading. and many
Pills and Arteries field expedients make thi. easily understood book the most complete
of its kind. It starts right from the beginning and give. a step-by-
K OF HEALTH. By George Cheever Shattuck step proeedure for reading and using tactical maps and aerial photos.
It does not cover strategic maps. but is confined wholly to the maps
illiam Jason l\Iixter. Cambridge: Harvard University you need and use every day. MAP AND AERIAL PHOTO READ-
ING-Complete $1.00
1943. 213 Pages; Appendices; Index; Illustrated.
'zed, bound in flexible cloth, this little book is de-
be read in advance, and then carried with, the e~MeJ4M~
bo goes to remote places where medical attendance ARMY FOOD AND MESSING
or non-existent. Information on health, hygiene, first Formerly titled MANUAL OF MESS MANAGEMENT, this new edi-
'en surgery crowds its pages. The first edition of the tion hu been extensively revised. Material has been added on the
ne-w methods of meat cutting. information on kitchen trucks and
financed bv the Office of the Coordinator of Informa- psoline field ran.res, Of course, the administrative end of mesa
manaitement is up-to-the-minute. An extensive index, many illus-
the present (second) edition is published by the Har- trations and a washable Cover complete the best. most comprehensive
and up-to-date book on messing $2.50
rsity Press.
there is so much information in the volume that
people to attempt to use the book in situations where M~ .pfUA)
medical attention is available, it is being sold only
ho can show evidence that they are about to leave ARTICLES OF WAR ANNOTATED
Col. Lee S. Tillotson
1 1 1 The Articles of War have been interpreted by civil and military
courts over a long period of years. Like civil Jaws, the wordings of
the Articles may not tell the whole story. To understand their mean-
"Follow Me!" ings fully, it is necessary to know what the courts say they mean.
and how past decisions will affect the ones you are called on to
make. An absolute necessity for any officer liable for court martial
AL LEADERSHIP FOR COI\IBAT OFFICERS. duty-and who isn't? $2.50
tenant Prentiss B. Reed, J r. New York: \Vhittlesey
1943. 116 Pages: $1.50. THE SOLDIER AND THE LAW
lue of this book is not in what Lieutenant Reed McComsey and Edwards
as all been said before) but in the way he says it. The second edition of this invaluable standby Is even better than
the first-and, naturally, up-to-date. Thousand. of readen have
nehy paragraphs, a good outline, and fine organiza- found this the best ~ide to courts-martial. Major General R. L.
Eichelberger, when Superintendent, USMA, said the book haa a two-
material make this a book that younger officers and fold mission. "first to prevent military delinquency and second to
provide practical aasistance to those concerned with the administration
will be able to refer to when new situations arise. of military justice." U.OO

1 1
COURT MARTIAL-Practical Guide
Pause and Punctuate Lt. Col. T. F. McCarthy
Deslsrned not to take the place of the MANUAL FOR COURTS-
FOR THE ARMED FORCES. By Wiles, Cook, MARTIAL but to supplement it. this convenient reference will save
crucial minutes in court. Spiral bound, it lies flat and opens at the
evethick. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1943. 252 selected page. It is arranged so you can find what you want Im-
mediately $1.00
Index; $1.50.
the war is not all on the red-ink side of the ledger, MANUAL OF MARTIAL LAW
nsible for the rise of a new technique in instruction. Lt. Col. F. B. Wiener
rs of formal schooling left the reviewer with the im- This books tells what can and what can't be done by military fon:ea
hat English textbooks must be dry and deadly, but a to sustain or restore civil authority, including the ri.rhts and liabili-
ties of military personnel In such situations. There is just enough of
his makes study a pleasure. Imagine, if you can, your the underlyinlf doctrine
decisions
to clarify and show the reasons for the
U.OO
English text with a paragraph like this:
11 a member of the 'salt and pepper' school of punctu-
RIOT CONTROL
er you have finished writing, do you sprinkle marks
Colonel Sterling A. Wood
tion on your sentences just to please your instructor,
This second edition hu been completely rewritten, brought entirely
imagine, is a 'bug' on punctuation? Or are you en- up-to-date and had many illustrations added. It explain. riot con-
trol weapon., how to use them; riot control formations for cities and
e 'iced cake' school, holding that punctuation marks country; it covers street fi.rhtinlf and house-to-house fightinlf. It' ••
decoration, an ornament, something that is spread complete manual for the small unit that may be called out to quell
riots-and since any unit is liable for this duty, a copy should be
Ids to catch the eye, again, of your gullible instructor? In every unit librarY .......•..............•................ $1.50
u belong to a third organization, the 'pause and
squadron .... " Order ALL Books From
k includes sections on public speaking, efficient
ilitary correspondence, and military orders. Many
tnples of clear writing were taken from articles in
The Coast Artillerv Journal
 88 THE COAST ARTILLERY jOURl':AL September-
Tojo's Lingo
ELEI\IENTARY JAPAI\'ESE. By E. J. Sullivan. South
Orientation dena: P. D. and lone Perkins, 1943. 142 Pages; $2.50.
FOR THE Reviewing a textbook on Japanese strains the powers
COAST ARTILLERY BATTERY OFFICER reviewer who knows nothing about the language, but
Revised and corrected edition, November, 19-12 volume seems quite reasonable in its approach, and the
Covers: Map Projections and Coordinates; Instru- lary is slanted for the military student. It is divided inlo
ments; Transit Traverse; Intersection; Resection; lessons that should not tax the mentality of an interested
Azimuth Determination. dent, and is admittedly not an attempt to fit one to
deathless literature in Japanese. Designed for utility in
90~ sion, rather than perfection in grammar. the book should
extremely useful for the person who wants to know

Adjutant General's Japanese to herd prisoners or inquire directions in T okya

f f f

School
AGS BULLETIN. 12 issues $1.50
Good Neighbor Language
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE SELF-TAUGHT. B\
THE ARMY CLERK (May, 1943). A simple, thor-
ough, comprehensive manual, prepared especially cisco Ibarra and Arthur Coelho. New York: Random" H
for the enlisted branches of the Army Administra- 1943. 397 Pages; Index; $2.50.
tion Schools. Large appendix of model forms .. 75
INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE. Supplement to THE Mr. Ibarra's Pan-Americal1 Spanish Self-T alight has
ARMY CLERK (May, 1943). A useful publication one of the JOURNAL'S most consistent "sellers" amonoo Our
for the instructor in a service or unit school. Use- language books, because it develops the subject logically,
ful also to the individual who desires to train him-
self in clerical procedures $1.00 not try to go too far too fast, and is very clear in its present
TRA VEL (April, 1943-Revised Edition). Restate- This new book has been written along almost identical
ment of Army Regulations, War Department cir- with the same methods of instruction. As important as
culars, etc., pertaining to Travel and Transporta- zilian Portuguese has become in our list of foreign langu
tion. Subjects arranged by functions in logical se-
quence. Indexed by topics; cross-indexed to official we have found no really satisfactory book for self-study
regulations, circulars, etc 60c this present volume made its appearance.
ORDERS (Revised to March 26, 1943-6th Edition).
How to write General and Special Orders, Bulletins f f f
and Circulars 50c
BOARDS OF OFFICERS (December, 1942). 20c
Planes and Pictures
ARMY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (December, 1942) . AIR NEWS YEARBOOK. Edited by Philip Andrews.
........................................... 10c York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943.264 Pages; Illustr
GENERAL AND SPECIAL STAFFS (December, $3.75.
1942) 10c
LEADERSHIP (April, 1943) 10c Philip Andrews, editor of Air News magazine, has asse
355 photographs of planes of every nation, collected tech
ADMINISTRATION OF THE ARMY (March,
1943) 10c data about each plane, and produced the pictures, the tech
SOP FOR A REGIMENTAL ADJUTANT'S OF- data, and personal analysis of the planes in a large book.
FICE (January, 1943) 10c fully selected pictures, a gravure reproduction process. and
MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE, a Check List inch by twelve-inch pages combine to make a book that mA
(May, 1943) 10c owned with pride by any air enthusiast.
STUDENT'S KIT (April, 1943). Materials for use There are pictures other than of aircraft. Some fine p
in teaching course outlined in Instructor's Guide.
Consists of: (1) Compilation of Selected Official graphic character studies of the men who fly the planes
War Department Publications .. , .. , $1.50 to the work a more personal touch.
(2) Workbook for Army Clerical Procedures. 75c
of f f

AA Specials Fighting Stories

WHAT'S THAT PLANE? A reliable guide in the Crete
identification of American planes and those of our
enemies: Japan, Germany and Italy 25c AIRBORNE INVASION. By John iIetherington. ~ew y,
AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION. German, British, and Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943. 178 Pages; 1\ laps; $2.50
American planes 25c Now that it is too late, the publishers are offered the
AIRCRAFT SPOTTER. By Lester Otto Photo- gestion that the word "Crete" in the title of this book
graphs, drawings, silhouettes, descriptions, and a
short course on the identification of aircraft. The have boosted sales among the military. The book is an ex
pictures of planes in action are especially valu- accoldnt of the battle for Crete, based on the latest info
able $1.00 and on personal interviews with more than a hundred
WAR PLANES OF THE AXIS. By David C. Cooke. and men who fought there.
More than 200 photographs accompany the descrip-
tions of Axis planes in this book. In addition to the The British lost Crete by not one narrow margin.

I ..I
pictures and descriptions of individual planes, there several. Several times a luch break instead of an unluck
are general discussions of the planes of each Axis
a few planes when none appeared because there were
1 nation $2.75
appear, reinforcements at a critical time-any of these
II could ha\'e won the battle by cOI1\'incing the Genna
 BOOK REVIE\VS 89
already paid more for the island than it was worth.
Freyberg estimated German losses at about 17,fXYJ,
Jll itself was quite a price to pay. Add to this 180
and 250 troop carriers. and we can feel that Britain Language Books
collected for their own losses. It is noteworthy that Foreign Serf'ice is More Pleasant
ans ne\-er again used the same tactics, or similar tac- if You Know the Language
anv theater of war.
H~therington balances his explanations of tactics and SPANISH
tic descriptions of the fighting to make a story that is HOW TO SAY IT IN SPANISH. The book you
'Jling and profitable reading. need to make your needs known quickly-pocket
size ..........................•........... 75c
CURRENT SPANISH. Conversational Spanish
for the more serious student, for use with an
Tokyo Flight instructor $1.00
CONVERSATIONAL SPANISH. For classroom
SECONDS OVER TOKYO. By Captain Ted Law- work; written for the Army Air Forces. A basic
e\\"York: Random House, 1943. 221 Pages; Illustrated; book. $1.25
Paper Edition 75c
CONVERSACION. (Advanced Conversational
g as young Americans like Lawson and the others Spanish.) For the more advanced students to use
e the Japan flight are led by older men like General in the classroom; written for the Army Air Forces
and the Navy , $1.50
, megalomaniac paperhangers, balcony-strutters, and
Paper Edition $1.00
Heaven will never realize their dreams. The planning
PAN -AMERICAN SPANISH SELF-TAUGHT.
tion of the bombing of Japan, and the return of most By Francisco Ibarra. Spanish as it is spoken in
rsonnel from the raid, are the perfect answers to those Latin America. Emphasis on the idioms of South
few years ago. insisted that Americans were not the men America $2.50
hers were. PORTUGUESE ..
'big picture" of the Tokyo raid has been told and retold. AN INTRODUCTORY PORTUGUESE GRAM-
MAR. By E. B. Williams. Recommended by our
Lawson tells the little picture-what happened to Ted military personnel in Portuguese-speaking coun-
and his crew. \Vith the aid of Bob Considine, he tells tries $1.90
well. The training for the Right, the cooperation of BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE SELF-TAUGHT.
vy, the forced landings, and the long road back with By Francisco Ibarra and Arthur Coelho. The com-
panion book to Pan-American Spanish Self-Taught.
of courageous and loyal Chinese makes this story one Every-day speech $2.50
~ics of the present war.
MALAY
EASY MALAY WORDS AND PHRASES. By
Marius A. Mendlesen. The simple vocabulary and
Altitude Zero grammar of an easy but important language.
Necessary for service in the East Indies and
DO 8. By Ira Wolfert. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Malaya $1.00
ny, 1943. 127 Pages; $2.00. FRENCH
BLITZ FRENCH. A French phrase book designed
of us know of the gallant fight that the Navy's Torpedo for soldiers. For instant use. Pocket size .... 75c
n 8 put up at Midway, and how that squadron was all
GERMAN
d out. To most of us, however, the fact is new that a
LEHRBUCH DER DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. By
uted Torpedo 8, made up of some members who missed Arnold W. Spanhoofd. A good basic grammar. $1.72
way battle, and replacements, fought in the Solomons
JAPANESE
eance against the Japs. This is the story of the fight for ELEMENTARY JAPANESE. By E. J. Sullivan.
ce-and the dead of Midway can sleep more peacefully. The basic needs for the soldier $2.50
paid for the American dead.
n gets a bit over-literary in spots, and in a few places
close to gushing, but this is probably excusable in a Four Books for Army Women
prizewinner. But no writer could miss when he had
THE ARMY WIFE. By Nancy B. Shea. Officers' Guide
ns of Torpedo 8 to put on paper. The cast-iron nerve for the army wife. Every army bride, and the wife
en who fly low and straight to pop their torpedoes into of every officer from the citizen components should
ed warships, and who perform other bombing chores have a copy of this $2.50
tion, is unbelievable. They respect and fear AA fire- THE ARMY WOMAN'S HANDBOOK. By CleBa Reeves
Collins. Instructs the army wife on how to handle
keep on coming. financial affairs during the absence of the husband,
and tells not merely what to do. but how to do it .
. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . .. $1.50
ARMY GUIDE FOR WOMEN. By Marion M. Dilts.
New Guinea Campaign An entirely different book for women, explaining
how the army works, and how and why it is different
UGHEST FIGHTING IN THE WORLD. Bv from civilian life. The perfect gift for a WAC, or
for the new army wife who wants to know what
H. Johnston. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearc~. makes the army tick $2.50
240 Pages; $2.50. HANDS OFF! By Major W. E. Fairbairn. Get Tough!
for women. How to protect yourself in physical en-
New Guinea campaign wasn't the toughest lighting in counters. When war work takes women to tough
it will do until another contender comes along. New sections of town, or the swing shift lets out at odd
under the best conditions, is no health resort, and the hours, the wise woman will know how to turn the
he privations and necessities of war did not improve
tables on any attacker 75c 'I
.... It
90 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL
pushed the little men into the sea or to where it mioht
dead Japs go. 1\lountainous jungles, steamy heat :nd
BINDERS cold, insects, poor food, and jungle-wise Japs combined 10
fighting in 1'\ew Guinea most unpleasant.
The author, an Australian newspaper reporter, got his
FIELD MANUAL SIZE 5~" x 8~" from the firing line rather than from headquarters, wilt
result that the book is not a critique by a military "expett
TECHNICAL MANUAL SIZE 61,4" x lO~" an eyewitness account of the fighting from a front-row
Early in the book Johnston begins to give credit to the
cans where he thinks it is due, and the credit increases
campaign unfolds. The author found the teamwork .fIll
spirit of the Americans and Australians all that could be
sired. The Jap, too, was all that other accounts have in
cruel, fanatical, jungle-trained, tenacious, and dirty
personal habits and in fighting methods.

f f

\! MANUALS Do NOT GET LOST. Invincible Blackshirts

\! KEEPS MANUALS IN SYSTEMATIC ORDER. GREECE AGAINST THE AXIS. By Lieutenant-
\! MANUALS REMAIN IN GOOD CONDITION. Stanley Casson. Washington: American Council on
Affairs, 1943. 150 Pages; Paper: $2.00; Cloth: $2.50.
\! No HOLE-PUNCHING NECESSARY.
It was only a short while ago that the Greeks were
\! INEXPENSIVE. Mussolini's invincible blackshirts the folly of sending rab
\! RUGGED, DURABLE. fight lions. The war against the unholy trio has taken
turns since Hitler came to the rescue of his brave Roman
\! EASY TO OPERATE. the part that Greece played in bursting the bubble of
paunchy Caesar's greatness will remain one of the heroic
Needed by ALL headquarters, from battery to army.
of the war. Colonel Casson, a British liaison officer with
$1.50 Greeks, paints the broad picture of Greek courage, both in
and in politics. In language that is not far behind the sta
000/0 discount in lots of 10 or more, set by Winston Churchill, Casson writes a story that no
f. o. b. Washington) and no Italian could read or hear without bowing his h
For those who still adhere to the legend of the British
trayal of Greece (in spite of the love the Greeks them
bear for England as a result of England's aid), Colonel
tells why Greece feared to accept help from Britain until it
For The Firing too late. This is a stirring story of a great people and a sha
campaign, told by a master writer.

Battery f f f

Fighting laps
Slide Rule MI $9.00
BLOOD FOR THE EMPEROR. By Walter R. Clausen.
Crichlow Slide Rule 1.75
York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1943. 331 P
Special Slide Rule for Use With Height Finder .50 Illustrated; Index; $3.00.
Irregular Curves .45 Mr. Clausen, an Associated Press executive, has com
Triangle, 45 ° .. , 40 reports written by himself and other AP men on the war in
Triangle, 30°.60° 30 Pacific into a loosely-knit book that carries the subtitle,
narrative history of the human side of the war in the Pa
Mil Protractor 1.90
Most of the stories have appeared before in AP stories in
newspapers-some of them are new, and some have
added that could not be released at the time the deeds
performed.
ENGRAVING f

Your JOURNAL is prepared to give you Mare Nostrum

prompt service and quality workmanship at MEDITERRANEAN ASSIGNMENT. By Richard M
Ian. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1
moderate prices on calling cards, wedding an- 332 Pages; $3.00.
nouncements, and other forms of engraving. Since it appears we must have books by war correspo
Write for prices and samples of engraving we could do with more of this type. l\1r. l\kl\lillan writ
styles. reporter, rather than as a reporter with literary ambition
knows what to write and how to write it. His war traY
him through the campaign in Greece, and with the
 BOOK REVIE\~S 91
through the days of shadow to the days of victory. He
the little pictures with the big pictures so skillfully that
. hed product is a view of the war that is a model of
and completeness.
author is a Scotsman who has been a top-rank foreign
Field and
ndent for years. He is proud of the achievements of the
of the King, both British and Empire, but he does not
to swing the axe of censure when he feels it necessary.
Technical Manuals
critical of ineptitude where he found it, and unsparing
when praise was due. To him, the British and Empire Order these trammg publications from The
JOURNAL. Please inclose remittance with order.
are the world's finest, and with leadership and materiel
ch, those soldiers are unbeatable. He is not niggardly in
FM 4-10 Seacoast Artillery-Gunnery $ 25
ise of American materiel and methods.
FM 4-15 Se~~oast :\rt.illery-Fire Control and Po-
e have been longer, and more detailed stories of what SitIOn Fmdmg 50
ed in Greece and Albania. but none better. FM 4-20 Seacoast Artillery - Formations, Inspec-
tions, Service, and Care of Materiel 15
FM 4-25 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece,
155mm Gun 15
The Boise
FM 4-60 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece.
OUT THE BIGGEST. By Frank Morris. Boston: 12-inch Gun (Barbette Carriage) 15
ghton 1'liIDin Company, 1943. 132 Pages; Illustrated; FM 4-70 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece,
6-inch Gun (Disappearing Carriage) 15
00.
FM 4-75 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece.
this time, the name of the cruiser Boise is as well-known 6-inch Gun (Barbette Carriage) 10
as the Monitor or the Oregoll. The story of the Boise's FM 4-80 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece,
near Guadalcanal, in which she sank six Jap fighting 12- and 14-inch Gun (Disappearing Car-
riage) 15
llnd took a terrific pasting herself, makes one of the most
FM 4-85 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece,
Ie of the war. Frank 1'10rris does very well (with excel- 16-inch Guns and Howitzers 15
aterial to work on, we must admit) in presenting a blow- FM 4-90 Seacoast Artillery-Service of the Piece,
w account of the cruiser's action and the troubles that 3-inch Rapid Fire Guns (Pedestal Mount) .10
d it. There is a lesson running all the way through the FM 4-105 AAA-Organization, Training and Tactics .35
that has been taught millions of times in modem war, and FM 4-111 AAA-Position Finding and Control, Anti-
I be stressed some more-thorough training of personnel, aircraft Searchlights 10
orough maintenance of material, payoff in battle. The FM 4-115 AAA-Searchlights, Sound Locators and
Accessories 35
was a short one, and every motion had to cOllnt. The
FM 4-117 Barrage Balloon Materiel and Personnel. 15
Ie to keep a battered ship aHoat and get her to port was a
FU 4-120 AAA - Formations. Inspections, Service
ne, and the men had to be fired with determination and and Care of Materiel 10
with skill to bring her i~. They were. and they did. FM 4-125 AAA-Service of the Piece. 3-inch Anti-
aircraft Guns 20
FM 4-130 AAA-Sen-ice of the Piece, 105mm Anti-
aircraft Guns 15
Emotional \Vitness
FM 4-135 AAA-},[arksmanship and Service of the
SKY IS l\IY WITNESS. By Captain Thomas Moore, Piece, AA }'IG's 20
US;\IC. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1943. 135 FM 4-140 AAA-Service of the Piece, 37mm Anti-
aircraft Gun .IS
; $2.00.
FM 4-141 AAA-Service of Piece, 40mm Gun 25
acknowledgment to "E. Ralph Emmett for his help in the F},! 4-150 Examination for Gunners 10
tion of this book" might be the key to why this little FM 21-10 Military Sanitation and First Aid .25
I experience account will not sit too well with military FM 30-55 Identication of German Naval Ships 15
nel. l\loore, a l\larine dive-bomber pilot, grew up in a FM 30-58 Identification of Japanese Naval Vessels 15
section of New York, later moving to Brooklyn, tried his TM 1-1050 Fundamentals of Mechanical Drawing 15
in the merchant marine, and finally found his way into TM 4-205 Coast Artillery Ammunition 15
Corps aviation. He fought well at l\1idway and at TM 4-225 Orientation .10
leanal. He tells the experiences and facts of air combat TM 4-240 Meteorology for Coast Artillery 15
It is when the book becomes "literary," however, that the TM 4-245 Preservation and Care of Seacoast Defense
ry reader begins to get uncomfortable. Frankly, the 11ateriel 10
, touches verge on the hysterical, and seem forced and T1! 5-235 Surveying 70
And the last 250 words do not belong in a book written TM 5-236 Surveying Tables .40 I

soldier during wartime. TM 9-1360 Ordnance Maintenance. 3-inch AA Gun

Materiel M2A2. M2Al, MIA2, MIAI.
'f 'f 'f
-? ThT1A\2, and TI1Aki '4010 II

Tough Seaman TM 12- 2 :J_ e t rmy c er .

FM 25-10 Motor Transport 10
!AT PRISONER. By Archie Gibbs. Boston: Houghton
in Company, 1943. 208 Pages; $2.00.
m lucky break for the Army that Archie Gibbs is a mer- The Coast Artiller~' journal
seaman, and not a soldier. Summary courts, company
631 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington 4, D. C.
ments, and Section VIII's would have been flying. After
nd mean youth, including four years in a reform school
92 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL
that ,"vas more on the order of a ;\"azi concentration
Archie Bibbs went to sea. At sea he got along none tno
with his superiors over a period of years, until the war,
Popular Technical torpedoes. a German submarine. and Life magazine
to make Archie one of our war heroes.
Gibbs was torpedoed twice within twenty-four hours,
Books I

II aboard the submarine that did the torpedoing, kept for

Mathematics II days. and released in Curacao. As a type hero of our

marine, Gibbs was feted and taken on a war bond tour
book is his autobiography; the events that lead up to his
MATHEMATICSFOR THE COASTARTILLERYOFFICER.
Outlines the requirements in mathematics for Coast
Artillery officer candidates; a short review. 25~
I and the fame itself, take only the last few pages. The re
who has stood a few lookouts and chipped a few acres of
paint himself, hopes that Gibbs will not be accepted
POPULARMATHEMATICS.By Denning Miller.
One of the fastest-selling mathematics books for self-
portrait of our average merchant seaman. Gibbs is a
study on the market today. $3.75 hard, case-but still a hero, one of the men who take the
and men and materials where they have to go in the wid
MATHEMATICS
REFRESHER.By A. Hooper.
war.
A streamlined text designed to teach young men of
average intelligence enough arithmetic, algebra, geom-
etry and trigonometry to fulfill the requirements for
aviation air crews. $2.50
BASICMATHEMATICS.By \X'illiam Betz.
History
Written especially for the war program. Includes arith-
metic, informal geometry, algebra, and numerical trigo- History with a Twist
nometry. $1.48 THE STORY OF A1\IERICA. Bv Hendrik Van Loon.
COLLEGEALGEBRA. By Cooley, Graham, John and York: Li\'eright Publishing C~mpany, 1943. 480 P
Tilley. Index; Illustrated.
The usual ground is covered, but in a particularly fresh
and lucid manner that will hold the interest of the If our teachers, back in high school days, had introdu
student. $2.25 to American history with a book like this, instead of the
as-dust chronicles ~f dates and battles that soured us on
A COURSEIN THE SLIDERULE AND LOGARITHMS.
By E. Justin Hills. subject for years to come, most of us would know more
The different types of slide rules and their uses, with historv.
applications to trigonometry and other activities. With Va~ Loon's style of writing and his simple but eloquent d
tables-well illustrated. 75ft ings are well known to most literate Americans. When he
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY\X'ITH TABLES. By Kern, on a subject like American history, we expect to find the
Kells, and Bland. behind the facts, biting wit, and patient philosophy. We
A basic book for all orientation problems. $2.40 not disappointed. Sentences like "Lord Frederick North
longed to a family that gave England a great number of
PLANE AND SPHERICALTRIGONOMETRY.By Kells,
Kern, and Bland. tinguished politicians and Epsom salts," or, "And then, 8$
Used at the Military and Naval Academies. Empha- ways in life, the unexpected happened. North and South
sizes the application of mathematical principles to mili- fought each other for the supremacy of the Union, and
tary and naval problems. $2.75 West ran away with the victory," indicate the live quality
SPHERICALTRIGONOMETRY WITH NAVALAND MILI- the writing.
TARYApPLICATIONS. By Kells, Kern, and Bland. American history, as written by Van Loon, is American
One hundred and twelve colleges and universities tory according to one man's opinion-but the man has
adopted this text within four months after publica-
refreshing opinions.
tioo. $2.40
FIVE-PLACE LOGARITHIMS AND TRIGONOMETRIC
TABLES. By Kells, Kern, and Bland.
Includes five-place natural trigonometric functions. All Pan-American History
tables include tabulation of proportional parts. $1.00 THE STORY OF THE AMERICAS. By Leland
NEW METHODSIN EXTERIORBALLISTICS.By Forest Baldwin. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1943.700 P
R. Moulton. Maps; Index; $3.50.
Considered the standard work on the subject. $4.00 It is difficult to be friends with people we know little a
Surveying If our Good Neighbor policy is to be more than an e
phrase, it might be worth our while to learn something of
SHORTCoURSE IN SURVEYING.By Davis and Kelly. historv of the countries south of the Rio Grande, and es
A compact volume, almost pocket-size, convenient for
the traveling Coast Artilleryman. Well-illustrated with of th~ir histories in relation to our own.
diagrams and pictures; six.place logs of numbers and Captain Baldwin has given us an excellent starting
trigonometric functions; five-place logs of natural func- While most of us know vaguely that there were Spanish set
tions. $2.50
ments in the New World prior to John Smith and John A
MIUTARY AND NAVAL MAps AND GRIDS. By Flex- that is the extent of our knowledge. The author has writ
ner and Walker. readable history of the Americas, North and South, that
The construction and use of maps, for the student with like a novel, and that in places, carries the interest of a
some, but not necessarily extensive, background in
mathematics. $1.00 venture story. Blood, cruelty, suffering, and holy self-sa
went hand-in-hand in the making of South and Central
ica. Pillage, slavery, piracy, war, revolution, and religion
 BOOK REVIEWS 93
"led with an inhospitable climate, fertile fields, and
mines to gi\'e that continent its history.
no longer fashionable to speak contemptuously about
.American revolutions-Captain Baldwin explains why
ry of our neighbors to the South has been so turbulent,
Popular Technical
that turbulence is slowly but surely dying out.

f f f
Books
The Navy Electricity
ELEMENTSOF ELECTRIOIT. By Timbie.
{Jl\'ITED STATES l'\AVY: A HrSTORY. Bv Carroll This text is used at the Coast Artillery School at Fort
Alden and Allan Westcott. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin- Monroe. $3.00
Company, 1943. 440 Pages; Index; References; Illus-
OF ELECTRIOIT. By Lester L. Wil-
FUNDAMENTALS
. $5.50. liard.
is primarily a text and reference book, rather than a Designed for use with wartime courses and for self-
-type continued story of the romance of the Navy. study. $1.24
g the period from the early days of the Revolution to COURSEIN ELECTRICALENGINEERING(Vol. I),
DIRECTCURRENTS.By C. L. Dawes.
the end of 1942, the authors have had to condense their
The 3rd edition; by a Harvard faculty member. $4.00
in every way possible to get it into 440 pages. They
k to the facts, with some interpretation of the impact COURSEIN ELECTRICALENGINEERING(Vol. II),
and international affairs on the Navv, and vice versa. ALTERNATINGCURRENTS. By C. L. Dawes.
Companion book; also 3rd edition. $4.00
rs for stories of the romance and glory of our sea arm
lie to find them between the lines of the facts presented Science
k is a serious work of history, competently executed. INTRODUCTIONTO METEOROLOGY.By Sverre Peter.
son.
of of of Used at the Naval Academy; 236 pages. $2.50
Through the Rockies A STARTIN METEOROLOGY.By Armand N. Spitz.
Easy to read; written in simple language. $1.50
UN TRAIL. By l\1erritt Parmelee Allen. New York:
mans, Green and Co., 1943. 198 Pages; $2.00. F~NDAMENTALSOF MACHINES. By Burton L. Cush-
mg.
first white man to cross the Western desert from the How they operate; with military applications. $1.24
ppi to California, according to Mr. Allen, was Jedediah ELEMENTSOF PHYSICS. By A. W. Smith.
Smith, who made the trip, with some companions, in 790 Pages; 4th edition; used at the Military Academy,
of a new route to ship out furs. Smith, a partner with West Point. $3.75
and Sublette in the fur trade, was killed later by ELEMENTS OF ORDNANCE. By Brigadier General
, but his maps and journals were of assistance in open- Thomas J. Hayes.
trail to the west. 700 Pages; used at the Military Academy; a standard
account is biography, embellished with fiction, as recon-
work on the subject. $6.50
from contemporary accounts. For the \Vestern story CRYPTOGRAPHY.By Lawrence Dwight Smith.
and for those interested in American history, it should An elementary but serious discussion of the science
of secret writing. $2.50
ch interest. A touch of juvenile moralizing does not
in spoiling the thrilling account of the journey to Cali- Radio
where the Mexicans and the Church combined to run ELEMENTS OF RADIO. By Abraham and William
much different from our own. Marcus.
A basic book; for study without an instructor. $4.00
of of of OF RADIO. By W. L. Everitt.
FUNDAMENTALS
For classroom use. $5.00
College Course
RADIOAMATEUR'SHANDBOOK. (Standard Edition.)
CAN HISTORY FOR COLLEGES. By David S. Electrical and radio fundamentals through design, con.
y and John A. Krout. New York: Ginn and Company, struction, operation of amateur equipment.
934 Pages; Index; Illustrated; $4.00. $1.00
ally published in 1933, this book has been revised Bnd RADIOAMATEUR'SHANDBOOK. (Defense Edition.)
For special use in radio training courses. Includes e1e.
by chapters on the significance of the European back- mentary mathematics necessary for solution of formulas
ef American history and the important developments and interpretation of graphs, log tables .
.Ionial period. It has also been brought up to date by a $1.00
ng chapter on the history of the last six years. The MODERNRADIOSERVlONG. By Alfred A. Ghirardi.
v; been soft-pedaled, and the "philosophy" of history 1,276 pages of information, tips, and instruction for
radio servicemen. Well presented, complete and well
illustrated. $5.00
of of of
Seamanship
Civil War PILOTING, SEAMANSHIP,AND SMALL BOAT HAN-
DLING. By Charles F. Chapman.
ICT: THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. By George Fort Complete illustrated course in small boat work with
. Washington: The Infantry Journal, 1943. 356 many suggested questions and problems to be solved.
25; (to members of the armed forces only). By the editor of Motor Boating. Color and black and
White illustrations. 31~ pages; index. $2.50
another of the Infantry Journal's Fighting Forces
25, reprints. The full text of the original book is pre-
94 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL Sep tem be:-
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dier. C01Z~ict nrst appeared in 1941, and was instantlf
cepted as one of the truly great histories of the Civil W~

Vipers \Vithin
ABRAHAi\l LINCOLN AND THE FIFTH COL
BOOKS By George Fort Milton. Washington: The Infantry J
1943.247 Pages; 25~ (to members of the armed forces
The regular edition of this book was reviewed in the
vember-December edition of the ]oUJu.;AL. The present
by MARSHAL WILHELM von LEEB is p~per-bound, unabridged, pocket-sized, and much less
~':( First translation of the now world-famous pensl\'e.
treatise, Defense, originally published in f
1938 in the Scientific Military Review of the Ger-
man \Var Office. Von leeb, as a military thinker
and scientist, offered his government a plan for Miscellany
the next war in which Germany might be engaged.
Von Leeb's recommendation was that the war be Democracy at Work
opened with active defense, as a preparation for
SCHOOL OF THE CITIZEN SAILOR. New York
the offensive later. The plan was rejected by Hitler
-it might have saved Germany. Appleton-Century Company, 1943. 578 Pages; Refer
Index; $3.00.
157 pages; illustrated $1.00
The Army version of this book, School of the Citizen
was reviewed in the September-October (1942) issue ol
JOURNAL.The new book is a combined course in Nava

'* by GENERAL WALDEMAR ERFURTH

"Surprise is a major contribution to mod-
ern military literature. In this timely and
doctrination and citizenship, designed to assist the
minded recruit to crystallize his ideas on why and what
fighting. It is also an excellent source book for citizenship
authoritative treatise General Erfurth has revived "orientation" lectures. Much of the material appeared in
and adapted and elaborated for contemporaneous earlier Army version.
study and enlightenment the principles and expo-
sitions of a host of preceding military writers .. :' f f

from Frontinus through Machiavelli, Clausewin. War Poems

and others.
REVEILLE: .\VAR POEMS BY MEMBERS OF OUR A
200 pages; maps $1.00
FORCES. Selected by John Kieran, Grantland Rice,
Daniel Henderson. New York: i\. S. Barnes & Co., 1
IJUcvdd'4 M~ eJI~ 244 Pages; Index; $2.00.
COL. W. A. MITCHELL Several hundred short poems written by all ranks from
'z;r A comprehensive and critical analysis of colonels to \VAVE apprentice seamen should include at
military operations, and of the causes of a few to suit almost any taste. The styles of writing range
strate~ical and tactical success or failure, from poor Byron through satisfactory Eddie Guest to good J
1500 B.C. to 1918 A.D., from Thothmes III to Whitcomb Riley. Some of the ballads are particularly
Pershing. and one poem, So Sorry, by Corporal John Alexander,
Library edition $3.00 744 pages be honored by recitations at American Legion smokers for
Deluxe edition $3.75 years after "the duration."
There is much that is pure trash in this book; much
.2>~ Baii1e4 ojlJu 'WtYJiJ shows promise. Lovers of the more earthy type of poetry
llnd some nuggets in this collection.
by SIR EDWARD S. CREASY
and f
ROBERT HAMMOND MURRAY RIFLEMAN DODD. Bv C. S. Forester. Washington:
What are decisive battles? In his selec- fantry Journal, 1943.'209 Pages; 251# (to members rl
tions for his famous and universally read armed forces only).
and enjoyed Fifteen Decisive Battles of tbe World,
The regular edition was reviewed in our May-June'
from Marathon to \Vaterloo, the historic authority
and wonh of which has withstood challenge for This Infantry Journal paper-bound reprint presents tbe
nearly a century, Creasy followed the rule laid text of this story of a self-reliant soldier at a low price.
down by Hallam in his reasoned conception of
battles that are decisive:
"Those few battles of which a contrary event War Novel
would have essentially varied the drama of the RETREAT FR01\l ROSTOV. By Paul Hughes. New
world in all its subsequent scenes." Random House, 1943. 586 Pages; $2.75.
Revised in 1943 $3.00 Possibly it isn't cricket to write a historical novel so c.
time to the history it depicts, but Paul Hughes has done
 BOOK REVIE\VS 95
it rather well. In 586 pages (it could have been done ness and for the chances of staying out of a shooting war. There
in 386), he writes of the German capture of Rostov and is much criticism of the Swedish government in the book,
the retreat that followed the capture by a week. The big much of it petty, some of it serious, if true. The author, who
of the battle is over-wordy, but in the numerous little spent several years in Sweden as a combination German refu-
that he draws around his many characters, Hughes is gee-foreign correspondent, throws doubt upon the validity of
best. He kills off his characters with the careless abandon his conclusions by his obvious resentment because he was
characterizes the familiar Russian novels, but he improves forced to perform such menial labor as washing dishes in a
Russian writers in one important detail-he uses only one detention camp operated for aliens without proper papers.
to a character, and it is no mental strain to remember
he is writing about.
Sammy the Samurai
JAPAN FIGHTS FOR ASIA. By John Goette. New York:
Britain's Headache Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1943. 242 Pages; Index;
lA'S PROBLEM CAN BE SOLVED. By De Witt Mac- $2.50.
zie. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1943. For five years INS man with the Jap army in China, and
; Pages; $3.00. a resident of ~he Orient for twenty years, John Goette paints a
ithout a word about the temerity of a writer, even an far from rosy picture of the work cut out for us in setting Japan
iated Press news analyst, who visited India in World back on her heels. Even after we thrash the Jap army and navy
I. and then again for six months in 'Norld War II, and until they say "uncle" in pictographs, we will never undo
then proposes a solu~ion for one of the most perplexing completely the damage they have done to white inRuence and
IDS of modem times, we can say that Mackenzie writes prestige in the economic and political sphere, according to the
lIIterestingbook. \Vhat he tells about India and its leaders, author. The Japs made no idle boast when they said the war
castesystem, the native princes, the Viceregal government, would last a hundred years-even if we can settle their military
bow they weave the pattern of today's problems, is good re- hash in a year or two, the economic problems that the Japs set
o g. He manages to tell, more clearly and in fewer words, up ( with l~ng-range foresight) will well take a hundred years
story of what is going on in India. We have been told this to settle. Even Germany does not have a preferred status in
before, in millions of words, but probably not as clearly Japan's plans for the Orient-in fact, the author states that the
honestly as Mackenzie does it. He weighs the claims and Japs take more delight in humiliating and insulting Germans
terclaims of each of the great factions, with fairness. As than they do Americans, partly because they fear German
thesolution the author presents, it is a curious mixture of espionage and economic penetration more than they do ours.
ess and firmness, "giving them what they want," and
givingthem what's good for them, that it will take some- f
much closer to the problem than the reviewer to evaluate THE MILITARY STENOGRAPHER. By Qheena Hazelton.
New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1943. 133
Pages; $1.00.
Stalwart Joesten This book should be of considerable value to both military
and civilian personnel who, for the first time, are corning into
WART SWEDEN. By Joachim Joesten. New York:
contact with Army paper-work. Shorthand brief forms and word
bleday, Doran and Co., 1943. 205 Pages; Index; $2.50.
signs are given for words and phrases used exclusively by the
r.Joesten's conclusions about Sweden seem to indicate that service. Also included are a list of general military terms with ab-
proportio? of the people are pro-Allied; a dangerous breviations; a technical preview and form for transcription of a
are ~ro-AXlS;and the government itself is sitting on the court-martial trial; and a section covering salutations and signa-
. plaYIng the game that will be best for Sweden's busi- tures used in military correspondence.

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