Wave C12
Wave C12
Wave C12
Radio
wave
Transmitter Detector
Micro Waves:
1. Microwaves have wavelengths of typically 10cm (10 -2-10-3
metres).
2. Microwaves are used in;
a. Cooking foods- Microwave oven
b. Mobile phone communication- Microwave transmitter/
receiver used for a mobile phone network.
c. Satellite Television
3. Dangers of Microwaves;
a. Microwaves can cause internal heating of body tissue.
b. Microwave ovens contain metal shielding to prevent the
microwaves from leaking out.
c. Some people believe that, over use of mobile phones can
lead to brain damage.
Infra-red (IR):
1. Infra-red waves have wavelengths of typically a 01 micrometre
(10-3-10-6 metres)
2. They are emitted by all objects. The hotter the object, the more
infra-red radiation is emitted.
3. Infra-red waves are used:
a. to cook food
b. by remote controls
c. in communication systems using optical fibres
d. in night sights
e. in astronomy to see behind gas clouds
4. An infra-red or thermal image.
a. RED colour denotes hot areas
b. BLUE colour denotes cold areas
5. Too much exposure to IR radiation can cause skin burns.
Visible Light:
1. Visible light has wavelengths ranging from 400nm (violet) to
700nm (red).
2. Visible light is emitted from hot objects like Sun & luminous
objects and it consist of 07 colours; Red, Orange, Yellow, Green,
Blue, Indigo, Violet.
3. Sir Isaac Newton discovered that white light can be split up into
above 07 colours and called visible colour spectrum.
4. White light can be split into the colour spectrum using a prism or
with water.
5. Visible light is used;
a. In photography
b. In optical fibres- can be used for communication
c. For sight
d. Used to read CDs and barcodes( from lasers)
b. Security devices
Some chemicals glow, or fluoresce, when exposed to UV
light. This property is used in security makers.
o Ex: Money paper checker
c. Dentistry
d. Pest control
6. Too much exposure to UV can cause blindness and skin cancer.
a. Protective goggles or glasses and skin protective creams
can block UV rays.
X rays:
1. X-rays discovered by Willhelm Roentgon.
2. X rays have a wavelength of typically range of 10 -8-10-10 metres.
3. They are produced from X-ray tubes that use very high voltage
(typically 100 kV).
4. Penetrability is very high and can cause ionization.
5. X-rays are used in;
a. X-ray photographs/ radiography (Medical & Industrial)
b. Airport security/ Real time radiography
c. Cancer treatment
6. Taking an X-ray/ radiograph
a. X-rays pass through soft tissue but are absorbed by bones.
b. X-rays are directed onto the patient from the X-ray tube.
c. A light proof cassette containing a photographic film is
placed on the other side of the patient.
Gamma rays:
1. Gamma rays, like x-rays and only source of origin is different.
2. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths of the
electromagnetic spectrum typically range of 10-10-10-14 metres.
3. They are emitted by radioactive substances (Ir-192, Co-60, I-131,
Cs-137)
4. Penetrability is very high and can cause ionization.
5. Gamma rays are used;
a. to kill cancer cells
b. to kill harmful bacteria in food
c. to sterilise surgical instruments
d. to industrial radiography