RAINBOW

WHATS RAINBOW?

Rainbow is a natural phenomenon that is so impressive. This phenomenon often appears after
rain. Rainbow is an arc spectrum which is so large and occurs because the drops are refracted
by sunlight. When the sun is shining and the light passing through water droplets, then you
will see a refraction that causes a wide variety of colors. Light is refracted like light passing
through a glass prism.

Other names of the rainbow is a rainbow which is a symptom of optical and meteorological
phenomenon in which light with different colors refracted parallel to each other into water
droplets. You can also see this phenomenon under the very high and heavy waterfall.

How does rainbow happen in detail? All the happenings begin when the sunlight passing
through the raindrops. Then the light is deflected to the center of the droplet. The white light,
now separated from each other into a spectrum of colors. The process does not stop there.
The colors that have been separated, then separate again into the very small portions. There is
more light separated from each other in the droplets. Then there are more curved and finally
those color form a light curve called a rainbow.

KIND OF RAINBOW
1. Primary Rainbows
This is the rainbow we are all most familiar with.
The primary rainbow is the single multi-colored arc
that usually appears after a rainstorm. Primary
rainbows are formed when refracted light is
reflected through a water droplet. The intensity of
the rainbows colors depends on how large the water
droplets are.
2. Secondary Rainbows
 If you have seen a primary rainbow, then chances
are you have also seen a secondary rainbow. They
are also known as double rainbows. A secondary
rainbow forms behind the primary rainbow when the
light in the water droplet is reflected twice instead of
once. The secondary is about twice as wide as the
primary rainbow, but is only one-tenth as intense. Its
colors are also reversed.
3. Alexanders Dark Band
Alexanders Band is technically not a
rainbow, but it is associated with the primary
and secondary rainbows. An Alexanders
band is the area of sky between the primary
and secondary rainbow and it is noticeably
darker than the rest of the sky. The single
reflected light of the primary brightens the
sky inside and the double reflected light of
the secondary brightens the sky outside of it.
To our eyes, it appears that the sky is darker between the primary and secondary
rainbows.
4. Supernumerary Rainbows
Supernumerary rainbows are also known as
stacker rainbows, and occur rather infrequently.
They consist of several faint rainbows on the
inner side of the primary and more rarely, they
appear outside of the secondary. They are
formed by small but similarly sized raindrops, and by the interference of light which
reflects once, but travels along a different path inside the raindrop.
5. Red Rainbows
Red rainbows also called monochrome
rainbows are formed after rainfall during
sunrise or sunset. The shorter wavelengths of
the spectrum, such as blue and green, are
scattered by dust and air molecules. This leaves
the remaining light to display the colors with
the longest wavelengths, red and yellow, to
finally form the red rainbow.
6. Cloud Rainbows
 Cloud rainbows form from small water
droplets in clouds and damp air, rather than
from raindrops. They appear white because
the water drops are very small in size (bigger
water drops are more able to reflect the
spectrum colours). Cloud rainbows are much
broader than n ormal rainbows, and are most
likely to form over water. They can also
form over land, so long as the fog is thin
enough for the suns rays to shrine through.
7. Twinned Rainbows
Twinned rainbows are not the same as the
double rainbow theyre actually very
rare. Theyre made up of two rainbow arcs
that stem from a single base point, and
theyre caused when a combination of
small and large water droplets fall from the
sky. The large drops are forced to flatten by
air resistance, while the smaller drops are
kept in shape by its surface tension. The
water droplets then form their own rainbow, which may come together to form
twinned rainbows.
8. Reflected and Reflection Rainbows
Reflected and reflection rainbows which
are not the same thing, despite their similar
names only form over water. A reflected
rainbow is the most commonly seen: it
appears when light is deflected off the water
droplets and then reflected off the water
before we have time to process the light with
our eyes.
A reflection rainbow is what appears when
light reflects off the water before it is deflected off the water droplets. Reflection
rainbows are not nearly as visible as a reflected rainbow, because of the specific
conditions they require.
9. Rainbow Wheels
Rainbow wheels are formed when dark
clouds or dense rain showers prevent the
light from reaching your eye. The shadowed
raindrops do not allow you to see the colours
of the rainbow. The result is a rainbow that
can resemble a wagon wheel, with large
spokes centered towards a specific point. If
 the clouds are moving quickly across the sky, then the rainbow wheel can appear to
rotate.
10. Lunar Rainbows
Lunar rainbows are rainbows that are formed at night by moonlight. However,
moonlight is very weak and lunar rainbows are very rarely seen. The best time to see
them, logically, is on the night of a full moon while its raining. The sky must also be
very dark, which means that lunar rainbows appear very dull or white because the
colour of the night is not bright enough to activate the cone cells (colour receptors) in
our eyes.
HOW TO MAKE A RAINBOW
Can we make a rainbow? Of course. There
are at least three ways that you can do to
make a rainbow.
First, fill a glass of water (almost to the top)
and place it at the very edge of the counter in
a dark kitchen. Place a sheet of plain white
paper on the floor a few inches away from the
counter. Put two pieces of masking tape over
the front of a flashlight so that the light comes
out of a slit about 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) wide.
Shine this light across and down into the water as shown in the figure. When a narrow beam
of light is passed through a glass of water, a spectrum can be seen on a white sheet of paper.

Second, you can use a spray containing water.

We know that rainbows occur when sunlight
passing through the raindrops. So, we make our
own rain droplets from the water spray. In the
morning or afternoon, spray water under the
sun, then see the water droplets flying. Spray
lots of water and you will see a small rainbow
that you can touch easily.

Third, use pieces of video discs then

reflected to the light of the sun, and
navigate to the wall or ceiling of your
house. On the ceiling or the wall, you
will see a colorful light that have the
same color with the rainbow.

Sources :
http://listverse.com/2012/12/20/10-beautiful-types-of-rainbows/
https://opticalillusion.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/how-to-make-a-rainbow-at-home/
http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/09/contoh-explanation-text-rainbow-
dan-terjemahannya.html