USUFRUCT DEPOSIT

TITLE VI
USUFRUCT TITLE XII
CHAPTER 1 DEPOSIT
Usufruct in General
Article 562. Usufruct gives a right to enjoy the property of another
with the obligation of preserving its form and substance, unless
CHAPTER 1
the title constituting it or the law otherwise provides. (467)
Deposit in General and its Different Kinds
Article 563. Usufruct is constituted by law, by the will of private
persons expressed in acts inter vivos or in a last will and
testament, and by prescription. (468) Article 1962. A deposit is constituted from the moment a
Article 564. Usufruct may be constituted on the whole or a part of person receives a thing belonging to another, with the
the fruits of the thing, in favor of one more persons, obligation of safely keeping it and of returning the same. If
simultaneously or successively, and in every case from or to a the safekeeping of the thing delivered is not the principal
certain day, purely or conditionally. It may also be constituted on a purpose of the contract, there is no deposit but some other
right, provided it is not strictly personal or intransmissible. (469) contract. (1758a)
Article 565. The rights and obligations of the usufructuary shall be
those provided in the title constituting the usufruct; in default of
such title, or in case it is deficient, the provisions contained in the Article 1963. An agreement to constitute a deposit is
two following Chapters shall be observed. (470) binding, but the deposit itself is not perfected until the
CHAPTER 2 delivery of the thing. (n)
Rights of the Usufructuary
Article 566. The usufructuary shall be entitled to all the natural, Article 1964. A deposit may be constituted judicially or
industrial and civil fruits of the property in usufruct. With respect to extrajudicially. (1759)
hidden treasure which may be found on the land or tenement, he
shall be considered a stranger. (471)
Article 1965. A deposit is a gratuitous contract, except
Article 567. Natural or industrial fruits growing at the time the
usufruct begins, belong to the usufructuary. when there is an agreement to the contrary, or unless the
Those growing at the time the usufruct terminates, belong to the depositary is engaged in the business of storing goods.
owner. (1760a)
In the preceding cases, the usufructuary, at the beginning of the
usufruct, has no obligation to refund to the owner any expenses Article 1966. Only movable things may be the object of a
incurred; but the owner shall be obliged to reimburse at the deposit. (1761)
termination of the usufruct, from the proceeds of the growing
fruits, the ordinary expenses of cultivation, for seed, and other
Article 1967. An extrajudicial deposit is either voluntary or
similar expenses incurred by the usufructuary.
The provisions of this article shall not prejudice the rights of third necessary. (1762)
persons, acquired either at the beginning or at the termination of
the usufruct. (472) CHAPTER 2
Article 568. If the usufructuary has leased the lands or tenements Voluntary Deposit
given in usufruct, and the usufruct should expire before the
termination of the lease, he or his heirs and successors shall SECTION 1
receive only the proportionate share of the rent that must be paid
General Provisions
by the lessee. (473)
Article 569. Civil fruits are deemed to accrue daily, and belong to
the usufructuary in proportion to the time the usufruct may last. Article 1968. A voluntary deposit is that wherein the
(474). delivery is made by the will of the depositor. A deposit may
Article 570. Whenever a usufruct is constituted on the right to also be made by two or more persons each of whom
receive a rent or periodical pension, whether in money or in fruits, believes himself entitled to the thing deposited with a third
or in the interest on bonds or securities payable to bearer, each person, who shall deliver it in a proper case to the one to
payment due shall be considered as the proceeds or fruits of such whom it belongs. (1763)
right.

Article 1969. A contract of deposit may be entered into

Whenever it consists in the enjoyment of benefits accruing from a orally or in writing. (n)
participation in any industrial or commercial enterprise, the date of
the distribution of which is not fixed, such benefits shall have the Article 1970. If a person having capacity to contract
same character. accepts a deposit made by one who is incapacitated, the
In either case they shall be distributed as civil fruits, and shall be
applied in the manner prescribed in the preceding article. (475) former shall be subject to all the obligations of a depositary,
Article 571. The usufructuary shall have the right to enjoy any and may be compelled to return the thing by the guardian,
increase which the thing in usufruct may acquire through
or administrator, of the person who made the deposit, or by
accession, the servitudes established in its favor, and, in general,
the latter himself if he should acquire capacity. (1764)
all the benefits inherent therein. (479)
Article 572. The usufructuary may personally enjoy the thing in
usufruct, lease it to another, or alienate his right of usufruct, even
by a gratuitous title; but all the contracts he may enter into as such
usufructuary shall terminate upon the expiration of the usufruct, Article 1971. If the deposit has been made by a
saving leases of rural lands, which shall be considered as capacitated person with another who is not, the depositor
subsisting during the agricultural year. (480) shall only have an action to recover the thing deposited
Article 573. Whenever the usufruct includes things which, without
while it is still in the possession of the depositary, or to
being consumed, gradually deteriorate through wear and tear, the
usufructuary shall have the right to make use thereof in
compel the latter to pay him the amount by which he may
accordance with the purpose for which they are intended, and have enriched or benefited himself with the thing or its
shall not be obliged to return them at the termination of the price. However, if a third person who acquired the thing
usufruct except in their condition at that time; but he shall be acted in bad faith, the depositor may bring an action
obliged to indemnify the owner for any deterioration they may against him for its recovery. (1765a)
have suffered by reason of his fraud or negligence. (481)
Article 574. Whenever the usufruct includes things which cannot SECTION 2
be used without being consumed, the usufructuary shall have the
Obligations of the Depositary
right to make use of them under the obligation of paying their
appraised value at the termination of the usufruct, if they were
appraised when delivered. In case they were not appraised, he Article 1972. The depositary is obliged to keep the thing
shall have the right to return the same quantity and quality, or pay safely and to return it, when required, to the depositor, or to
their current price at the time the usufruct ceases. (482) his heirs and successors, or to the person who may have
Article 575. The usufructuary of fruit-bearing trees and shrubs been designated in the contract. His responsibility, with
may make use of the dead trunks, and even of those cut off or regard to the safekeeping and the loss of the thing, shall be
uprooted by accident, under the obligation to replace them with governed by the provisions of Title I of this Book.
new plants. (483a)
Article 576. If in consequence of a calamity or extraordinary
If the deposit is gratuitous, this fact shall be taken into
event, the trees or shrubs shall have disappeared in such
considerable number that it would not be possible or it would be account in determining the degree of care that the
too burdensome to replace them, the usufructuary may leave the depositary must observe. (1766a)
dead, fallen or uprooted trunks at the disposal of the owner, and
demand that the latter remove them and clear the land. (484a) Article 1973. Unless there is a stipulation to the contrary,
Article 577. The usufructuary of woodland may enjoy all the the depositary cannot deposit the thing with a third person.
benefits which it may produce according to its nature. If deposit with a third person is allowed, the depositary is
If the woodland is a copse or consists of timber for building, the liable for the loss if he deposited the thing with a person
usufructuary may do such ordinary cutting or felling as the owner
who is manifestly careless or unfit. The depositary is
was in the habit of doing, and in default of this, he may do so in
accordance with the custom of the place, as to the manner,
responsible for the negligence of his employees. (n)
amount and season.
In any case the felling or cutting of trees shall be made in such Article 1974. The depositary may change the way of the
manner as not to prejudice the preservation of the land. deposit if under the circumstances he may reasonably
In nurseries, the usufructuary may make the necessary thinnings presume that the depositor would consent to the change if
in order that the remaining trees may properly grow. he knew of the facts of the situation. However, before the
depositary may make such change, he shall notify the
depositor thereof and wait for his decision, unless delay
With the exception of the provisions of the preceding paragraphs,
would cause danger. (n)
the usufructuary cannot cut down trees unless it be to restore or
improve some of the things in usufruct, and in such case shall first
inform the owner of the necessity for the work. (485) ARTICLE Article 1975. The depositary holding certificates, bonds,
578. The usufructuary of an action to recover real property or a securities or instruments which earn interest shall be bound
real right, or any movable property, has the right to bring the to collect the latter when it becomes due, and to take such
action and to oblige the owner thereof to give him the authority for steps as may be necessary in order that the securities may
this purpose and to furnish him whatever proof he may have. If in preserve their value and the rights corresponding to them
consequence of the enforcement of the action he acquires the according to law.
thing claimed, the usufruct shall be limited to the fruits, the
dominion remaining with the owner. (486)
Article 579. The usufructuary may make on the property held in The above provision shall not apply to contracts for the rent
usufruct such useful improvements or expenses for mere pleasure of safety deposit boxes. (n)
as he may deem proper, provided he does not alter its form or
substance; but he shall have no right to be indemnified therefor.
He may, however, remove such improvements, should it be Article 1976. Unless there is a stipulation to the contrary,
possible to do so without damage to the property. (487) the depositary may commingle grain or other articles of the
Article 580. The usufructuary may set off the improvements he same kind and quality, in which case the various depositors
may have made on the property against any damage to the same. shall own or have a proportionate interest in the mass. (n)
(488)
Article 581. The owner of property the usufruct of which is held by Article 1977. The depositary cannot make use of the thing
another, may alienate it, but he cannot alter its form or substance, deposited without the express permission of the depositor.
or do anything thereon which may be prejudicial to the
usufructuary. (489)
Article 582. The usufructuary of a part of a thing held in common Otherwise, he shall be liable for damages.
shall exercise all the rights pertaining to the owner thereof with
respect to the administration and the collection of fruits or interest. However, when the preservation of the thing deposited
Should the co-ownership cease by reason of the division of the requires its use, it must be used but only for that purpose.
thing held in common, the usufruct of the part allotted to the co- (1767a)
owner shall belong to the usufructuary. (490)
CHAPTER 3
Article 1978. When the depositary has permission to use
Obligations of the Usufructuary
the thing deposited, the contract loses the concept of a
Article 583. The usufructuary, before entering upon the
enjoyment of the property, is obliged: deposit and becomes a loan or commodatum, except
(1) To make, after notice to the owner or his legitimate where safekeeping is still the principal purpose of the
representative, an inventory of all the property, which contract.
shall contain an appraisal of the movables and a
description of the condition of the immovables; The permission shall not be presumed, and its existence
(2) To give security, binding himself to fulfill the must be proved. (1768a)
obligations imposed upon him in accordance with this
Chapter. (491)
Article 1979. The depositary is liable for the loss of the
Article 584. The provisions of No. 2 of the preceding article shall
not apply to the donor who has reserved the usufruct of the thing through a fortuitous event:
property donated, or to the parents who are usufructuaries of their
children's property, except when the parents contract a second (1) If it is so stipulated;
marriage. (492a)
Article 585. The usufructuary, whatever may be the title of the (2) If he uses the thing without the depositor's
usufruct, may be excused from the obligation of making an permission;
inventory or of giving security, when no one will be injured thereby.
(493)
(3) If he delays its return;

(4) If he allows others to use it, even though he

himself may have been authorized to use the same.
Article 586. Should the usufructuary fail to give security in the (n)
cases in which he is bound to give it, the owner may demand that
the immovables be placed under administration, that the Article 1980. Fixed, savings, and current deposits of
movables be sold, that the public bonds, instruments of credit money in banks and similar institutions shall be governed
payable to order or to bearer be converted into registered by the provisions concerning simple loan. (n)
certificates or deposited in a bank or public institution, and that the
capital or sums in cash and the proceeds of the sale of the
Article 1981. When the thing deposited is delivered closed
movable property be invested in safe securities.
The interest on the proceeds of the sale of the movables and that and sealed, the depositary must return it in the same
on public securities and bonds, and the proceeds of the property condition, and he shall be liable for damages should the
placed under administration, shall belong to the usufructuary. seal or lock be broken through his fault.
Furthermore, the owner may, if he so prefers, until the
usufructuary gives security or is excused from so doing, retain in Fault on the part of the depositary is presumed, unless
his possession the property in usufruct as administrator, subject to there is proof to the contrary.
the obligation to deliver to the usufructuary the net proceeds
thereof, after deducting the sums which may be agreed upon or
judicially allowed him for such administration. (494)
Article 587. If the usufructuary who has not given security claims, As regards the value of the thing deposited, the statement
by virtue of a promise under oath, the delivery of the furniture of the depositor shall be accepted, when the forcible
necessary for his use, and that he and his family be allowed to live
opening is imputable to the depositary, should there be no
in a house included in the usufruct, the court may grant this
proof to the contrary. However, the courts may pass upon
petition, after due consideration of the facts of the case.
The same rule shall be observed with respect to implements, tools the credibility of the depositor with respect to the value
and other movable property necessary for an industry or vocation claimed by him.
in which he is engaged.
If the owner does not wish that certain articles be sold because of When the seal or lock is broken, with or without the
their artistic worth or because they have a sentimental value, he depositary's fault, he shall keep the secret of the deposit.
may demand their delivery to him upon his giving security for the (1769a)
payment of the legal interest on their appraised value. (495)
Article 588. After the security has been given by the usufructuary,
he shall have a right to all the proceeds and benefits from the day
Article 1982. When it becomes necessary to open a locked
on which, in accordance with the title constituting the usufruct, he box or receptacle, the depositary is presumed authorized to
should have commenced to receive them. (496) do so, if the key has been delivered to him; or when the
Article 589. The usufructuary shall take care of the things given in instructions of the depositor as regards the deposit cannot
usufruct as a good father of a family. (497) be executed without opening the box or receptacle. (n)
Article 590. A usufructuary who alienates or leases his right of
usufruct shall answer for any damage which the things in usufruct Article 1983. The thing deposited shall be returned with all
may suffer through the fault or negligence of the person who
its products, accessories and accessions.
substitutes him. (498)
Article 591. If the usufruct be constituted on a flock or herd of
livestock, the usufructuary shall be obliged to replace with the Should the deposit consist of money, the provisions relative
young thereof the animals that die each year from natural causes, to agents in article 1896 shall be applied to the depositary.
or are lost due to the rapacity of beasts of prey. (1770)
If the animals on which the usufruct is constituted should all
perish, without the fault of the usufructuary, on account of some Article 1984. The depositary cannot demand that the
contagious disease or any other uncommon event, the depositor prove his ownership of the thing deposited.
usufructuary shall fulfill his obligation by delivering to the owner
the remains which may have been saved from the misfortune.
Should the herd or flock perish in part, also by accident and
Nevertheless, should he discover that the thing has been
without the fault of the usufructuary, the usufruct shall continue on stolen and who its true owner is, he must advise the latter
the part saved. of the deposit.
Should the usufruct be on sterile animals, it shall be considered,
with respect to its effects, as though constituted on fungible If the owner, in spite of such information, does not claim it
things. (499a) within the period of one month, the depositary shall be
relieved of all responsibility by returning the thing deposited
to the depositor.
Article 592. The usufructuary is obliged to make the ordinary
repairs needed by the thing given in usufruct.
If the depositary has reasonable grounds to believe that the
By ordinary repairs are understood such as are required by the thing has not been lawfully acquired by the depositor, the
wear and tear due to the natural use of the thing and are former may return the same. (1771a)
indispensable for its preservation. Should the usufructuary fail to
make them after demand by the owner, the latter may make them Article 1985. When there are two or more depositors, if
at the expense of the usufructuary. (500) they are not solidary, and the thing admits of division, each
Article 593. Extraordinary repairs shall be at the expense of the
one cannot demand more than his share.
owner. The usufructuary is obliged to notify the owner when the
need for such repairs is urgent. (501)
Article 594. If the owner should make the extraordinary repairs, When there is solidarity or the thing does not admit of
he shall have a right to demand of the usufructuary the legal division, the provisions of articles 1212 and 1214 shall
interest on the amount expended for the time that the usufruct govern. However, if there is a stipulation that the thing
lasts. should be returned to one of the depositors, the depositary
Should he not make them when they are indispensable for the shall return it only to the person designated. (1772a)
preservation of the thing, the usufructuary may make them; but he
shall have a right to demand of the owner, at the termination of the
Article 1986. If the depositor should lose his capacity to
usufruct, the increase in value which the immovable may have
contract after having made the deposit, the thing cannot be
acquired by reason of the repairs. (502a)
Article 595. The owner may construct any works and make any
improvements of which the immovable in usufruct is susceptible, returned except to the persons who may have the
or make new plantings thereon if it be rural, provided that such administration of his property and rights. (1773)
acts do not cause a diminution in the value of the usufruct or
prejudice the right of the usufructuary. (503)
Article 596. The payment of annual charges and taxes and of Article 1987. If at the time the deposit was made a place
those considered as a lien on the fruits, shall be at the expense of was designated for the return of the thing, the depositary
the usufructuary for all the time that the usufruct lasts. (504) must take the thing deposited to such place; but the
Article 597. The taxes which, during the usufruct, may be expenses for transportation shall be borne by the depositor.
imposed directly on the capital, shall be at the expense of the
owner. If no place has been designated for the return, it shall be
If the latter has paid them, the usufructuary shall pay him the made where the thing deposited may be, even if it should
proper interest on the sums which may have been paid in that
not be the same place where the deposit was made,
character; and, if the said sums have been advanced by the
usufructuary, he shall recover the amount thereof at the
provided that there was no malice on the part of the
termination of the usufruct. (505) depositary. (1774)
Article 598. If the usufruct be constituted on the whole of a
patrimony, and if at the time of its constitution the owner has Article 1988. The thing deposited must be returned to the
debts, the provisions of articles 758 and 759 relating to donations depositor upon demand, even though a specified period or
shall be applied, both with respect to the maintenance of the time for such return may have been fixed.
usufruct and to the obligation of the usufructuary to pay such
debts. The same rule shall be applied in case the owner is
This provision shall not apply when the thing is judicially
obliged, at the time the usufruct is constituted, to make periodical
payments, even if there should be no known capital. (506)
attached while in the depositary's possession, or should he
Article 599. The usufructuary may claim any matured credits have been notified of the opposition of a third person to the
which form a part of the usufruct if he has given or gives the return or the removal of the thing deposited. In these cases,
proper security. If he has been excused from giving security or the depositary must immediately inform the depositor of the
has not been able to give it, or if that given is not sufficient, he attachment or opposition. (1775)
shall need the authorization of the owner, or of the court in default
thereof, to collect such credits.
The usufructuary who has given security may use the capital he
has collected in any manner he may deem proper. The
usufructuary who has not given security shall invest the said
Article 1989. Unless the deposit is for a valuable
capital at interest upon agreement with the owner; in default of consideration, the depositary who may have justifiable
such agreement, with judicial authorization; and, in every case, reasons for not keeping the thing deposited may, even
with security sufficient to preserve the integrity of the capital in before the time designated, return it to the depositor; and if
usufruct. (507) the latter should refuse to receive it, the depositary may
secure its consignation from the court. (1776a)
Article 600. The usufructuary of a mortgaged immovable shall not
be obliged to pay the debt for the security of which the mortgage
Article 1990. If the depositary by force majeure or
was constituted.
government order loses the thing and receives money or
Should the immovable be attached or sold judicially for the another thing in its place, he shall deliver the sum or other
payment of the debt, the owner shall be liable to the usufructuary thing to the depositor. (1777a)
for whatever the latter may lose by reason thereof. (509)
Article 601. The usufructuary shall be obliged to notify the owner Article 1991. The depositor's heir who in good faith may
of any act of a third person, of which he may have knowledge, that have sold the thing which he did not know was deposited,
may be prejudicial to the rights of ownership, and he shall be shall only be bound to return the price he may have
liable should he not do so, for damages, as if they had been received or to assign his right of action against the buyer in
caused through his own fault. (511)
case the price has not been paid him. (1778)
Article 602. The expenses, costs and liabilities in suits brought
with regard to the usufruct shall be borne by the usufructuary.
(512) SECTION 3
CHAPTER 4 Obligations of the Depositor
Extinguishment of Usufruct
Article 603. Usufruct is extinguished: Article 1992. If the deposit is gratuitous, the depositor is
(1) By the death of the usufructuary, unless a contrary obliged to reimburse the depositary for the expenses he
intention clearly appears;
may have incurred for the preservation of the thing
(2) By the expiration of the period for which it was
deposited. (1779a)
constituted, or by the fulfillment of any resolutory
 condition provided in the title creating the usufruct;
(3) By merger of the usufruct and ownership in the same Article 1993. The depositor shall reimburse the depositary
person; for any loss arising from the character of the thing
(4) By renunciation of the usufructuary;
deposited, unless at the time of the constitution of the
(5) By the total loss of the thing in usufruct;
deposit the former was not aware of, or was not expected
(6) By the termination of the right of the person
constituting the usufruct; to know the dangerous character of the thing, or unless he
(7) By prescription. (513a) notified the depositary of the same, or the latter was aware
Article 604. If the thing given in usufruct should be lost only in of it without advice from the depositor. (n)
part, the right shall continue on the remaining part. (514)
Article 605. Usufruct cannot be constituted in favor of a town, Article 1994. The depositary may retain the thing in pledge
corporation, or association for more than fifty years. If it has been until the full payment of what may be due him by reason of
constituted, and before the expiration of such period the town is
the deposit. (1780)
abandoned, or the corporation or association is dissolved, the
usufruct shall be extinguished by reason thereof. (515a)
Article 606. A usufruct granted for the time that may elapse Article 1995. A deposit its extinguished:
before a third person attains a certain age, shall subsist for the
number of years specified, even if the third person should die (1) Upon the loss or destruction of the thing
before the period expires, unless such usufruct has been deposited;
expressly granted only in consideration of the existence of such
person. (516) (2) In case of a gratuitous deposit, upon the death of
Article 607. If the usufruct is constituted on immovable property of either the depositor or the depositary. (n)
which a building forms part, and the latter should be destroyed in
any manner whatsoever, the usufructuary shall have a right to
CHAPTER 3
make use of the land and the materials.
The same rule shall be applied if the usufruct is constituted on a Necessary Deposit
building only and the same should be destroyed. But in such a
case, if the owner should wish to construct another building, he Article 1996. A deposit is necessary:
shall have a right to occupy the land and to make use of the
materials, being obliged to pay to the usufructuary, during the (1) When it is made in compliance with a legal
continuance of the usufruct, the interest upon the sum equivalent obligation;
to the value of the land and of the materials. (517)
Article 608. If the usufructuary shares with the owner the
(2) When it takes place on the occasion of any
insurance of the tenement given in usufruct, the former shall, in
calamity, such as fire, storm, flood, pillage, shipwreck,
case of loss, continue in the enjoyment of the new building, should
or other similar events. (1781a)
one be constructed, or shall receive the interest on the insurance
indemnity if the owner does not wish to rebuild.
Should the usufructuary have refused to contribute to the
insurance, the owner insuring the tenement alone, the latter shall
Article 1997. The deposit referred to in No. 1 of the
receive the full amount of the insurance indemnity in case of loss,
preceding article shall be governed by the provisions of the
saving always the right granted to the usufructuary in the
preceding article. (518a) law establishing it, and in case of its deficiency, by the rules
Article 609. Should the thing in usufruct be expropriated for public on voluntary deposit.
use, the owner shall be obliged either to replace it with another
thing of the same value and of similar conditions, or to pay the The deposit mentioned in No. 2 of the preceding article
usufructuary the legal interest on the amount of the indemnity for shall be regulated by the provisions concerning voluntary
the whole period of the usufruct. If the owner chooses the latter deposit and by article 2168. (1782)
alternative, he shall give security for the payment of the interest.
(519)
Article 610. A usufruct is not extinguished by bad use of the thing
Article 1998. The deposit of effects made by travellers in
in usufruct; but if the abuse should cause considerable injury to hotels or inns shall also be regarded as necessary. The
the owner, the latter may demand that the thing be delivered to keepers of hotels or inns shall be responsible for them as
him, binding himself to pay annually to the usufructuary the net depositaries, provided that notice was given to them, or to
proceeds of the same, after deducting the expenses and the their employees, of the effects brought by the guests and
compensation which may be allowed him for its administration. that, on the part of the latter, they take the precautions
(520) which said hotel-keepers or their substitutes advised
Article 611. A usufruct constituted in favor of several persons relative to the care and vigilance of their effects. (1783)
living at the time of its constitution shall not be extinguished until
the death of the last survivor. (521)
Article 612. Upon the termination of the usufruct, the thing in Article 1999. The hotel-keeper is liable for the vehicles,
usufruct shall be delivered to the owner, without prejudice to the
right of retention pertaining to the usufructuary or his heirs for animals and articles which have been introduced or placed
taxes and extraordinary expenses which should be reimbursed. in the annexes of the hotel. (n)
After the delivery has been made, the security or mortgage shall
be cancelled. (522a)
Article 2000. The responsibility referred to in the two
preceding articles shall include the loss of, or injury to the
personal property of the guests caused by the servants or
employees of the keepers of hotels or inns as well as
strangers; but not that which may proceed from any force
majeure. The fact that travellers are constrained to rely on
the vigilance of the keeper of the hotels or inns shall be
considered in determining the degree of care required of
him. (1784a)

Article 2001. The act of a thief or robber, who has entered

the hotel is not deemed force majeure, unless it is done
with the use of arms or through an irresistible force. (n)

Article 2002. The hotel-keeper is not liable for

compensation if the loss is due to the acts of the guest, his
family, servants or visitors, or if the loss arises from the
character of the things brought into the hotel. (n)

Article 2003. The hotel-keeper cannot free himself from

responsibility by posting notices to the effect that he is not
liable for the articles brought by the guest. Any stipulation
between the hotel-keeper and the guest whereby the
responsibility of the former as set forth in articles 1998 to
2001 is suppressed or diminished shall be void. (n)

Article 2004. The hotel-keeper has a right to retain the

things brought into the hotel by the guest, as a security for
credits on account of lodging, and supplies usually
furnished to hotel guests. (n)

CHAPTER 4
Sequestration or Judicial Deposit

Article 2005. A judicial deposit or sequestration takes place

when an attachment or seizure of property in litigation is
ordered. (1785)

Article 2006. Movable as well as immovable property may

be the object of sequestration. (1786)

Article 2007. The depositary of property or objects

sequestrated cannot be relieved of his responsibility until
the controversy which gave rise thereto has come to an
end, unless the court so orders. (1787a)

Article 2008. The depositary of property sequestrated is

bound to comply, with respect to the same, with all the
obligations of a good father of a family. (1788)
Article 2009. As to matters not provided for in this Code,
judicial sequestration shall be governed by the Rules of
Court. (1789a)