MULTILINGUAL & MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

6th Grade CA ELD Standards

Part%I:%Interacting%in%
EMERGING% EXPANDING% BRIDGING!
Meaningful%Ways%
A.%Collaborative%(engagement!in!dialogue!with!others)%
1.%Exchanging%information/ideas:! 1.!Engage!in!conversational!exchanges!and! 1.!Contribute!to!class,!group,!and!partner!1.!Contribute!to!class,!group,!and!partner!
Exchanging!information!and!ideas!with! express!ideas!on!familiar!topics!by!asking!and! discussions!by!following!turn:taking!rules,!
discussions!by!following!turn:taking!rules,!
others!through!oral!collaborative! answering!yes$no!and!wh$!questions!and! asking!relevant!questions,!affirming!others,!
asking!relevant!questions,!affirming!others,!
discussions!on!a!range!of!social!and! responding!using!simple!phrases.! adding!relevant!information,!and!paraphrasing!
adding!relevant!information!and!evidence,!
academic!topic:!SL.6.1,6;!L.6.3,6! key!ideas.! paraphrasing!key!ideas,!building!on!responses,!
and!providing!useful!feedback.!
2.%%Interacting%via%written%English:! 2.!Engage!in!short!written!exchanges!with!peers! 2.!Engage!in!longer!written!exchanges!with! 2.!Engage!in!extended!written!exchanges!with!
Interacting!with!others!in!written!English! and!collaborate!on!simple!written!texts!on! peers!and!collaborate!on!more!detailed!written! peers!and!collaborate!on!complex!written!texts!
in!various!communicative!forms!(print,! familiar!topics,!using!technology!when! texts!on!a!variety!of!topics,!using!technology! on!a!variety!of!topics,!using!technology!when!
communicative!technology,!and! appropriate.! when!appropriate.! appropriate.!
multimedia)!:W.6.6;!WHST.6.6;!SL.6.2;! !
L.6.3,6!
3.%%Supporting%opinions%and%persuading% 3.!Negotiate!with!or!persuade!others!in! 3.!Negotiate!with!or!persuade!others!in! 3.!Negotiate!with!or!persuade!others!in!
others:!Offering!and!justifying!opinions,! conversations!(e.g.,!to!gain!and!hold!the!floor!or! conversations!(e.g.,!to!provide!counter:! conversations!using!appropriate!register!(e.g.,!
negotiating!with!and!persuading!others!in! ask!for!clarification)!using!basic!learned!phrases! arguments)!using!an!expanded!set!of!learned! to!reflect!on!multiple!perspectives)!using!a!
communicative!exchanges:!W.6.1;! (e.g.,!I*think*.!.!.!,!Would*you*please*repeat* phrases!(I*agree*with!X,!but!.!.!),!as!well!as!open! variety!of!learned!phrases,!indirect!reported!
WHST.6.1;!SL.6.1,4,6;!L.6.3,6! that?),!as!well!as!open!responses.! responses.! speech!(e.g.,!I*heard*you*say!X,!and*Gabriel*just*
! pointed*out*Y),!as!well!as!open!responses.!
4.%Adapting%language%choices:% 4.!Adjust!language!choices!according!to!social! 4.!Adjust!language!choices!according!to!purpose! 4.!Adjust!language!choices!according!to!task!
!Adapting!language!choices!to!various! setting!(e.g.,!classroom,!break!time)!and! (e.g.,!explaining,!persuading,!entertaining),!task,! (e.g.,!facilitating!a!science!experiment,!providing!
contexts!(based!on!task,!purpose,! audience!(e.g.,!peers,!teacher).! and!audience.! peer!feedback!on!a!writing!assignment),!
audience,!and!text!type):!W.6.4:5;! purpose,!task,!and!audience.!
WHST.6.4:5;!SL.6.6;!L.6.1,3,6!
B.%Interpretive%(comprehension!and!analysis!of!written!and!spoken!texts)%
5.%Listening%actively:!!Listening!actively!to! 5.!Demonstrate!active!listening!in!oral! 5.!Demonstrate!active!listening!in!oral! 5.!Demonstrate!active!listening!in!oral!
spoken!English!in!a!range!of!social!and! presentation!activities!by!asking!and!answering! presentation!activities!by!asking!and!answering!
presentation!activities!by!asking!and!answering!
academic!context:!! basic!questions!with!prompting!and!substantial! detailed!questions!with!occasional!prompting!
detailed!questions!with!minimal!prompting!and!
SL.6.1,3,6;!L.6.1,3,6! support.! and!moderate!support.! support.!
6.%Reading/viewing%closely:!Reading! 6.!a)!Explain!ideas,!phenomena,!processes,!and! 6.!a)!Explain!ideas,!phenomena,!processes,!and!
6.!!a)!Explain!ideas,!phenomena,!processes,!and!
closely!literary!and!informational!texts! text!relationships!(e.g.,!compare/contrast,! text!relationships!(e.g.,!compare/contrast,!
text!relationships!(e.g.,!compare/contrast,!
and!viewing!multimedia!to!determine! cause/effect,!problem/solution)!based!on!close! cause/effect,!problem/solution!base!on!close!
cause/effect,!problem/solution)!based!on!close!
how!meaning!is!conveyed!explicitly!and! reading!of!a!variety!of!grade:level!texts!and! reading!of!a!variety!of!grade:level!texts!and!
reading!of!a!variety!of!grade:level!texts!and!
implicitly!through!language:!! viewing!of!multimedia!with!substantial!support.! viewing!of!multimedia!with!moderate!support.!
viewing!of!multimedia!with!light!support.!
! b)!Express!inferences!and!conclusions!drawn! b)!Express!inferences!and!conclusions!drawn!
b)!Express!inferences!and!conclusions!drawn!
RL.6.1:7,9:10;!RI.6.1:10;! based!on!close!reading!of!grade:level!texts!and! based!on!close!reading!of!grade:level!texts!and!
based!on!close!reading!of!grade:level!texts!and!
RH.6.1:10;RST.6.1:10;!SL.6.2;!L.6.1,3,6! viewing!of!multimedia!using!some!frequently! viewing!of!multimedia!using!a!variety!of!verbs!
viewing!of!multimedia!using!a!variety!of!precise!
used!verbs!(e.g.,!shows*that,*based*on).! (e.g.,!suggests*that,*leads*to).! academic!verbs!(e.g.,!indicates*that,*influences).!
c)!Use!knowledge!of!morphology!(e.g.,!affixes,! c).!Use!knowledge!of!morphology!(e.g.,!affixes,!
c)!Use!knowledge!of!morphology!(e.g.,!affixes,!
roots,!and!base!words),!context,!reference! roots,!and!base!words),!context,!reference!roots,!and!base!words),!context,!reference!
materials,!and!visual!cues!to!determine!the! materials,!and!visual!cues!to!determine!the!
materials,!and!visual!cues!to!determine!the!
meaning!of!unknown!and!multiple:meaning! meaning!of!unknown!and!multiple:meaning! meaning,!including!figurative!and!connotative!
words!on!familiar!topics.! words!on!familiar!and!new!topics.! meanings,!of!unknown!and!multiple:meaning!
words!on!a!variety!of!new!topics.!
7.%Evaluating%language%choices:%% 7.!Explain!how!well!writers!and!speakers!use! 7.!Explain!how!well!writers!and!speakers!use! 7.!Explain!how!well!writers!and!speakers!use!
Evaluating!how!well!writers!and!speakers! language!to!support!ideas!and!arguments!with! specific!language!to!present!ideas!or!support! specific!language!resources!to!present!ideas!or!
use!language!to!support!ideas!and! detailed!evidence!(e.g.,!identifying!the!precise! arguments!and!provide!detailed!evidence!(e.g.,! support!arguments!and!provide!detailed!
arguments!with!details!or!evidence! vocabulary!used!to!present!evidence,!or!the! showing!the!clarity!of!the!phrasing!used!to! evidence!(e.g.,!identifying!the!specific!language!
depending!on!modality,!text!type,! phrasing!used!to!signal!a!shift!in!meaning)!with! present!an!argument)!with!moderate!support.! used!to!present!ideas!and!claims!that!are!well!
purpose,!audience,!topic,!and!content! substantial!support.! ! supported!and!distinguishing!them!from!those!
area:!RL.6.4:5;!RI.6.4,6,8;!RH.6.4:6,8;! that!are!not)!with!light!support.!
RST.6.4:6,8;!SL.6.3;!L.6.3,5:6!
8.%Analyzing%language%choices:%%% 8.!Explain!how!phrasing!or!different!common! 8.!Explain!how!phrasing,!different!words!with! 8.!Explain!how!phrasing,!different!words!with!
Analyzing!how!writers!and!speakers!use! words!with!similar!meaning!(e.g.,!choosing!to! similar!meaning!(e.g.,!describing!a!character!as! similar!meaning!(e.g.,!stingy$*
vocabulary!and!other!language!resources! use!the!word!cheap!versus!the!phrase!a*good* stingy!versus!economical),!or!figurative! economical$unwasteful$thrifty),!or!figurative!
for!specific!purposes!(to!explain,! saver)!produce!different!effects!on!the! language!(e.g.,!The*room*was*depressed*and* language!(e.g.,!The*room*was*depressed*and*
persuade,!entertain,!etc.)!depending!on! audience.! gloomy.)!produce!shades!of!meaning!and! gloomy.)!produce!shades!of!meaning,!nuances,!
modality,!text!type,!purpose,!audience,! different!effects!on!the!audience.! and!different!effects!on!the!audience.!
topic,!and!content!area:!RL.6.4:5;!RI.6.4:5;!
RH.6.4:5;!RST.6.4:5;!SL.6.3;!L.6.3,5:6!
C.%Productive%(creation!of!oral!presentations!and!written!texts)%
9.%Presenting:!!Expressing!information!and! 9.!Plan!and!deliver!brief!oral!presentations!on!a! 9.!Plan!and!deliver!longer!oral!presentations! 9.!Plan!and!deliver!longer!oral!presentations!on!a!
ideas!in!formal!oral!presentations!on! variety!of!topics!and!content!areas.! on!a!variety!of!topics!and!content!areas,!using! variety!of!topics!and!content!areas,!using!
academic!topics! details!and!evidence!to!support!ideas.! reasoning!and!evidence!to!support!ideas,!as!well!
SL.6.4:6;!L.6.1,3,5,6! ! as!growing!understanding!of!register.!
10.%Writing:%%Writing!literary!and! 10.!a)!Write!short!literary!and!informational! 10.!a)!Write!longer!literary!and!informational! 10.!!a)!Write!longer!and!more!detailed!literary!and!
informational!texts!to!present,!describe,! texts!(e.g.,!an!argument!for!protecting!the! texts!(e.g.,!an!argument!for!protecting!the! informational!texts!(e.g.,!an!argument!for!
and!explain!ideas!and!information,!using! rainforests)!collaboratively!(e.g.,!with!peers)! rainforests)!collaboratively!(e.g.,!with!peers)! protecting!the!rainforests)!collaboratively!(e.g.,!
appropriate!technology! and!independently.! and!independently!using!appropriate!text! with!peers)!and!independently!using!appropriate!
% b)!Write!brief!summaries!of!texts!and! organization.! text!organization!and!growing!understanding!of!
W.6.1:10;!WHST.6.1:2,4:10;!L.6.1:6! experiences!using!complete!sentences!and!key! b)!Write!increasingly!concise!summaries!of! register.!
words!(e.g.,!from!notes!or!graphic!organizers).! texts!and!experiences!using!complete! b)!Write!clear!and!coherent!summaries!of!texts!
sentences!and!key!words!(e.g.,!from!notes!or! and!experiences!using!complete!and!concise!
graphic!organizers).! sentences!and!key!words!(e.g.,!from!notes!or!
graphic!organizers).!
11.%Justifying/arguing:%%Justifying!own! 11.!a)!Justify!opinions!by!providing!some!textual! 11.!a)!Justify!opinions!or!persuade!others!by! 11.!a)!Justify!opinions!or!persuade!others!by!
arguments!and!evaluating!others! evidence!(e.g.,!quoting!from!the!text)!or! providing!relevant!textual!evidence!(e.g.,! providing!detailed!and!relevant!textual!evidence!
arguments!in!writing% relevant!background!knowledge!with! quoting!from!the!text!or!referring!to!what!the! (e.g.,!quoting!from!the!text!directly!or!referring!to!
! substantial!support.! text!says)!or!relevant!background!knowledge! specific!textual!evidence)!or!relevant!background!
W.6.1,8:9;!WHST.6.1,8:9;!L.6.1:3,6! b)!Express!attitude!and!opinions!or!temper! with!moderate!support.! knowledge!with!light!support.!
! statements!with!some!basic!modal!expressions! b)!Express!attitude!and!opinions!or!temper! b)!Express!attitude!and!opinions!or!temper!
! (e.g.,!can,*has*to).! statements!with!a!variety!of!familiar!modal! statements!with!nuanced!modal!expressions!(e.g.,!
! expressions!(e.g.,!maybe/probably,* probably/certainly/definitely,*should/would,*
! can/could,*must).! might)!and!phrasing!(e.g.,!In*my*opinion!.!.!.).!
12.%Selecting%language%resources:%%% 12.!a)!Use!a!select!number!of!general!academic! 12.!a)!Use!a!growing!set!of!academic!words! 12.a)!Use!an!expanded!set!of!general!academic!
Selecting!and!applying!varied!and!precise! words!(e.g.,!author,*chart)!and!domain:specific! (e.g.,!author,*chart,*global,*affect),! words!(e.g.,!affect,*evidence,*demonstrate,*
vocabulary!and!other!language!resources! words!(e.g.,!scene,*cell,*fraction)!to!create!some! domain:specific!words!(e.g.,!scene,*setting,* reluctantly),!domain:specific!words!(e.g.,!scene,*
to!effectively!convey!ideas! precision!while!speaking!and!writing.! plot,*point*of*view,*fraction,*cell*membrane,* setting,*plot,*point*of*view,*fraction,*cell*
! b)!Use!knowledge!of!morphology!to! democracy),!synonyms,!and!antonyms!to! membrane,*democracy),!synonyms,!antonyms,!
W.6.4:5;!WHST.6.4:5;!SL.6.4,6;!L.6.1,3,5:6! appropriately!select!affixes!in!basic!ways!(e.g.,! create!precision!and!shades!of!meaning!while! and!figurative!language!to!create!precision!and!
She*likes*X.).! speaking!and!writing.! shades!of!meaning!while!speaking!and!writing.!
b)!Use!knowledge!of!morphology!to! b)!Use!knowledge!of!morphology!to!appropriately!
appropriately!select!affixes!in!a!growing! select!affixes!in!a!variety!of!ways!to!manipulate!
number!of!ways!to!manipulate!language!(e.g.,! language!(e.g.,!changing!observe!:>!observation,*
She*likes!X.!Thats*impossible.).! reluctant*:>!reluctantly,*produce!:>!production,!
etc.).!

LAUSD&'Adapted'from'the'2012'CA'ELD'Standards'
 MULTILINGUAL & MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
6th CA ELD Standards%
Part%II:%Learning%About%%
EMERGING% EXPANDING% BRIDGING!
How%English%Works%
A.%Structuring%Cohesive%Texts%
1. Understanding%text%structure!and! 1.!Apply!basic!understanding!of!how! 1.!Apply!growing!understanding!of!how! 1.!Apply!increasing!understanding!of!how!
organization!based!on!purpose,!text!type,! different!text!types!are!organized!to! different!text!types!are!organized!to! different!text!types!are!organized!to!
and!discipline:! express!ideas!(e.g.,!how!a!narrative!is! express!ideas!(e.g.,!how!a!narrative!is! express!ideas!(e.g.,!how!a!historical!
! organized!sequentially!with!predictable! organized!sequentially!with!predictable! account!is!organized!chronologically!
RL.6.5;!RI.6.5;!RH.6.5;!RST.6.5;!W.6.1:5,10;!stages!versus!how!arguments!are! stages!versus!how!arguments!are! versus!how!arguments!are!structured!
WHST.6.1:2,4:5,10;!SL.6.4! organized!around!ideas)!to! structured!logically!around!reasons!and! logically!around!reasons!and!evidence)!to!
!! comprehending!texts!and!writing!basic! evidence)!to!comprehending!texts!and! comprehending!texts!and!writing!cohesive!
texts.! writing!texts!with!increasing!cohesion.! texts.!
2.%%Understanding%cohesion!and!how! 2.!a)!Apply!basic!understanding!of! 2.!a)!Apply!growing!understanding!of! 2.!a)!Apply!increasing!understanding!of!
language!resources!across!a!text!contribute! language!resources!for!referring!the! language!resources!for!referring!the! language!resources!for!referring!the!
to!the!way!a!text!unfolds!and!flows:! reader!back!or!forward!in!text!(e.g.,!how! reader!back!or!forward!in!text!(e.g.,!how! reader!back!or!forward!in!text!(e.g.,!how!
! pronouns!refer!back!to!nouns!in!text)!to! pronouns!or!synonyms!refer!back!to! pronouns,!synonyms,!or!nominalizations!
RI.6.5;!RH.6.5;!RST.6.5;!W.6.1:5,10;! comprehending!texts!and!writing!basic! nouns!in!text)!to!comprehending!texts!and! refer!back!to!nouns!in!text)!to!
WHST.6.1:2,4:5,10;!L.6.1,3:6! texts.! writing!texts!with!increasing!cohesion.! comprehending!texts!and!writing!cohesive!
! b)!Apply!basic!understanding!of!how! b)!Apply!growing!understanding!of!how! texts.!
ideas,!events,!or!reasons!are!linked! ideas,!events,!or!reasons!are!linked! b)!Apply!increasing!understanding!of!how!
throughout!a!text!using!a!select!set!of! throughout!a!text!using!a!variety!of! ideas,!events,!or!reasons!are!linked!
everyday!connecting!words!or!phrases! connecting!words!or!phrases!(e.g.,!for* throughout!a!text!using!an!increasing!
(e.g.,!first/next,*at*the*beginning)!to! example,*in*the*first*place,*as*a*result,*on* variety!of!academic!connecting!and!
comprehending!texts!and!writing!basic! the*other*hand)!to!comprehending!texts! transitional!words!or!phrases!(e.g.,!
texts.! and!writing!texts!with!increasing!cohesion.! consequently,*specifically,*however,*
moreover)!to!comprehending!texts!and!
writing!cohesive!texts.!
B.%Expanding%&%Enriching%Ideas%
3.%Using%verbs%and%verb%phrases!to!create! 3.!Use!a!variety!of!verb!types!(e.g.,!doing,! 3.!Use!various!verb!types!(e.g.,!doing,! 3.!Use!various!verb!types!(e.g.,!doing,!
precision!and!clarity!in!different!text!types:! saying,!being/having,!thinking/feeling),! saying,!being/having,!thinking/feeling,! saying,!being/having,!thinking/feeling,!
! tenses!(e.g.,!present,!past,!future),!and! reporting),!tenses!(e.g.,!present,!past,! reporting),!tenses!(e.g.,!present,!past,!
W.6.5;!WHST.6.5;!SL.6.6;!L.6.1,3:6! aspects!(e.g.,!simple,!progressive)! future),!and!aspects!(e.g.,!simple,! future),!and!aspects!(e.g.,!simple,!
! appropriate!for!the!text!type!and! progressive,!perfect)!appropriate!for!the! progressive,!perfect)!appropriate!for!the!
discipline!(e.g.,!simple!past!and!past! task,!text!type,!and!discipline!(e.g.,!simple!task,!text!type,!and!discipline!(e.g.,!the!
progressive!for!recounting!an!experience)! present!for!literary!analysis)!on!an! present!perfect!to!describe!previously!
on!familiar!topics.! increasing!variety!of!topics.! made!claims!or!conclusions)!on!a!variety!
! ! of!topics.!
4.%Using%nouns%and%noun%phrases!to! 4.!!Expand!noun!phrases!in!simple!ways! 4.!Expand!noun!phrases!in!a!variety!of! 4.!Expand!noun!phrases!in!an!increasing!
expand!ideas!and!provide!more!detail:! (e.g.,!adding!a!sensory!adjective!to!a! ways!(e.g.,!adding!comparative/! variety!of!ways!(e.g.,!adding!
! noun)!in!order!to!enrich!the!meaning!of! superlative!adjectives!to!noun!phrases!or! comparative/superlative!and!general!
W.6.5;!WHST.6.5;!SL.6.6;!L.6.1,3:6! sentences!and!add!details!about!ideas,! simple!clause!embedding)!in!order!to! academic!adjectives!to!noun!phrases!or!
! people,!things,!etc.! enrich!the!meaning!of!sentences!and!add! more!complex!clause!embedding)!in!order!
! ! details!about!ideas,!people,!things,!etc.! to!enrich!the!meaning!of!sentences!and!
! add!details!about!ideas,!people,!things,!
etc.!
5.%Modifying%to%add%details!to!provide! 5.!Expand!sentences!with!simple! 5.!Expand!sentences!with!an!increasing! 5.!Expand!sentences!with!a!variety!of!
more!information!and!create!precision:! adverbials!(e.g.,!adverbs,!adverb!phrases,! variety!of!adverbials!(e.g.,!adverbs,!adverb! adverbials!(e.g.,!adverbs,!adverb!phrases!
! prepositional!phrases)!to!provide!details! phrases,!prepositional!phrases)!to!provide! and!clauses,!prepositional!phrases)!to!
W.6.4:5;!WHST.6.4:5;!SL.6.6;!L.6.1,3:6! (e.g.,!time,!manner,!place,!cause)!about!a! details!(e.g.,!time,!manner,!place,!cause)! provide!details!(e.g.,!time,!manner,!place,!
familiar!activity!or!process.! about!a!familiar!or!new!activity!or!process.! cause)!about!a!variety!of!familiar!and!new!
! activities!and!processes.!
C.%Connecting%and%Condensing%Ideas%
6.%Connecting%ideas!within!sentences!by! 6.!Combine!clauses!in!a!few!basic!ways!to! 6.!Combine!clauses!in!an!increasing!variety! 6.!Combine!clauses!in!a!wide!variety!of!
combining!clauses:! make!connections!between!and!join!ideas! of!ways!(e.g.,!creating!compound!and! ways!(e.g.,!creating!compound!and!
! (e.g.,!creating!compound!sentences!using! complex!sentences)!to!make!connections! complex!sentences)!to!make!connections!
W.6.1:5;!WHST.6.1:2,4:5;!SL.6.4,6;!L.6.1,3:6! and,*but,*so).! between!and!join!ideas,!for!example,!to! between!and!join!ideas,!for!example,!to!
! ! express!a!reason!(e.g.,!He*stayed*at*home* express!a!reason!(e.g.,!He*stayed*at*home*
! ! on*Sunday*to*study*for*Mondays*exam.)! on*Sunday*to*study*for*Mondays*exam.),!
or!to!make!a!concession!(e.g.,!She*studied* to!make!a!concession!(e.g.,!She*studied*all*
all*night*even*though*she*wasnt*feeling* night*even*though*she*wasnt*feeling*
well).! well.),!or!to!link!two!ideas!that!happen!at!
! the!same!time!(e.g.,!The*students*worked*
! in*groups*while*their*teacher*walked*
around*the*room).!
7.%Condensing%ideas!within!sentences!using! 7.!Condense!ideas!in!simple!ways!(e.g.,!by! 7.!Condense!ideas!in!an!increasing!variety! 7.!Condense!ideas!in!a!variety!of!ways!
a!variety!of!language!resources:! compounding!verbs,!adding!prepositional! of!ways!(e.g.,!through!various!types!of! (e.g.,!through!various!types!of!embedded!
! phrases,!or!through!simple!embedded! embedded!clauses!and!other!ways!of! clauses,!ways!of!condensing,!and!
W.6.1:5;!WHST.6.1:2,4:5;!SL.6.4,6;!L.6.1,3:6! clauses!or!other!ways!of!condensing!as!in,! condensing,!as!in,!Organic!vegetables!are! nominalization!as!in,!They!destroyed!the!
! This!is!a!story!about!a!girl.!The!girl! food.!Theyre!made!without!chemical! rainforest.!Lots!of!animals!died.!:>The!
!! changed!the!world.!:>This!is!a!story!about! fertilizers.!Theyre!made!without!chemical! destruction!of!the!rainforest!led!to!the*
a!girl!who*changed*the*world.)!to!create! insecticides.!:>Organic!vegetables!are! death!of!many!animals.)!to!create!precise!
precise!and!detailed!sentences.! foods!that!are!made!without*chemical* and!detailed!sentences.!
fertilizers*or*insecticides.)!to!create!precise!
and!detailed!sentences.!
!
Part%III:%Using%Foundational%Literacy%Skills\%RF.K\1.1\4;%RF.2\5.3\4%(as%appropriate)
Foundational%Literacy%Skills:%% See!Appendix!A!for!information!on!teaching!reading!foundational!skills!to!English!learners!of!various!profiles!based!on!age,!native!
language,!native!language!writing!system,!schooling!experience,!and!literacy!experience!and!proficiency.!Some!considerations!are:!!
Literacy%in%an%Alphabetic%Writing%System%
Native!language!and!literacy!(e.g.,!phoneme!awareness!or!print!concept!skills!in!native!language)!should!be!assessed!for!
Print!concepts!! potential!transference!to!English!language!and!literacy.!!
Phonological!awareness!! Similarities!between!native!language!and!English!should!be!highlighted!(e.g.,!phonemes!or!letters!that!are!the!same!in!both!
Phonics!&!word!recognition!! languages).!!
Fluency!! Differences!between!native!language!and!English!should!be!highlighted!(e.g.,!some!phonemes!in!English!may!not!exist!in!the!
students!native!language;!native!language!syntax!may!be!different!from!English!syntax).!
!

LAUSD&'Adapted'from'the'2012'CA'ELD'Standards'