Development of Additive Manufacturing
Development of Additive Manufacturing
Development of Additive Manufacturing
Technology
Implications on the design process and the transportation industry, moving
from prototyping to production
Erik
Stre
Department
of
Product
Design
Norwegian
University
of
Science
and
Technology
ABSTRACT
As
additive
manufacturing
continuously
is
gaining
momentum
and
its
technology
is
rapidly
developing
designers
are
being
enabled
to
make
better
products
faster
and
cheaper,
without
worrying
about
the
constraints
of
traditional
manufacturing
processes.
This
paper
reviews
the
development
of
the
additive
manufacturing
technology
with
a
focus
on
its
impact
on
the
design
process,
and
how
it
is
moving
from
prototyping
into
production.
There
will
also
be
an
emphasis
on
how
additive
manufacturing
is
affecting
the
automotive
and
aerospace
industry.
The
results
of
this
paper
show
that
the
use
of
AM
in
product
development
is
necessary
for
companies
to
compete
with
industry
standards.
However
a
shift
can
be
seen
in
the
manufacture
of
production
parts
as
3D
printing
is
emerging.
Future
implications
of
3D
printing
are
also
explored.
Figure
2:
SLS
process
(Thompson
2007)
Figure
3:
3D
printed
models
shown
with
soluble
2.3
Direct
metal
laser
sintering
(DMLS)
support
material
(dark)
intact,
and
after
removal.
Similar
to
SLS,
a
CO2
laser
is
used
to
sinter
metal
alloy
powder.
An
expendable
first
layer
of
the
3.
AM
IN
PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
part
is
anchored
to
a
steel
plate
to
stop
With
an
increasingly
competitive
market,
getting
distortion,
which
makes
for
easier
removal
when
products
out
faster
is
crucial.
The
longer
a
the
build
is
complete.
product
stays
in
the
design
cycle,
the
longer
It
takes
to
get
it
to
market,
meaning
less
potential
2.4
Fused
deposition
modeling
(FDM)
profit
for
companies.
For
that
reason
AM
has
become
standard
practice
for
product
FDM
produces
3D
parts
by
melting
and
advancing
development
across
manufacturing
sectors
and
a
fine
ribbon
of
production
grade
thermoplastic
continents.
Prototyping
is
an
essential
part
of
the
materials
through
a
computer
controlled
product
development
and
manufacturing
cycle
extrusion
head,
producing
parts
that
are
ready
to
required
for
assessing
the
form,
t
and
use.
This
extrusion
nozzle
moves
in
the
horizontal
functionality
of
a
design
before
a
signicant
XY
plane
while
the
build
platform
moves
down,
investment
in
tooling
is
made
(Pham
1997).
building
the
part
layer
by
layer.
This
method
Additive
manufacturing
is
an
enabler
for
requires
a
supportive
structure
to
be
printed,
but
designers
and
it
is
changing
the
way
design
is
the
strength
to
weight
ratio
is
very
high.
Raw
being
designed.
The
process
of
adding
material
FDM
parts
have
visible
layer
lines,
which
can
be
layer
by
layer
allows
designers
and
engineers
to
removed
with
several
post
processes.
develop
complex
geometries,
which
would
be
prohibitively
expensive
or
physically
impossible
2.5
Jetting
Systems
to
produce
with
other
manufacturing
methods
(Lane
2013).
The
technology
is
giving
designers
Utilizes
Inkjet
technology
by
jetting
layers
of
close
to
limitless
freedom,
removing
the
liquid
photopolymer
onto
a
build
tray
and
then
constraints
of
traditional
manufacturing
methods
curing
them
with
UV
light.
Fully
cured
models
can
(Excell
2010).
be
handled
and
used
immediately,
without
additional
post-curing.
The
3D
printer
also
jets
a
gel-like
support
material
specially
designed
to