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Cathodic Protection &
Be Notified Of Responses
To Your Posts Earthing system
thread338-262053
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Cathodic
One-Click Access To Your Protection &
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Earthing eBook: The Midsize
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Protection &
Best Of All, It's Free! Earthing
system
zaza123
(Electrical)
Join Us! Investing in a machining
*Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. By (OP) center with full 5-axis
capabilities can make a
joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. 1 Jan 10 06:29 world of difference for
Posting Guidelines Happy New Year ! manufacturers. Download
Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework Now
and thesis posting is forbidden. I have some White Paper:
Eng-Tips Posting Policies Questions regarding Improving Injection-
Jobs Cathodic Protection Mold Tooling
& Earthing system, i Development With
am referring to SOLIDWORKS
Pipeline structures Simulation Premium
1. Is both
overground &
underground
pipelines are
required to be
In the world of injection
protected by CP molding and plastics
system or only engineering, the proper
pipelines below expertise is essential. Robert
Elwell launched PROCAD
ground need CP TECHNOLOGIES as a means
protection. of providing that expertise.
2. Is earthing Download Now

required for all the White Paper:

pipelines ,is it true Improve Tooling
that earthing Connectivity Design
nullifies the effect of and Collaboration
CP system with SOLIDWORKS
3. Does earthing of
pipeline is proper
protection for
Lightining,i.e if the
pipeline is not
earthed & lightining The development of
occurs on the advanced electrical systems,
such as industrial robotic
pipeline it will arms, requires the proper
destroy the Pipeline. CAD tools. Download Now
4. I had checked the White Paper:
Earthing resistance Leverage ERP for
of the Pipeline by Sales & Operations
Digital Earth Planning
Leakage Test
Meter ,value is 19.5
ohm, ,Is the earthing
readings OK

The pipeline i am
Sales & Operations planning,
talking is Oxygen when done well, can bring
Pipeline. tremendous benefits to a
manufacturing organization.
Download Now

RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
Kiribanda
(Electrical) 1 Jan 10
13:51
zaza123,

1)No.Only the
underground portion
is supposed to be
protected by a CP
system because
only the
underground portion
is subjected to
corrosion which is
also not visible from
outside.Therefore,w
hen the line comes
out of ground
insulating flanges
are installed to stop
draining the CP
current to the
overground
portion.Normally
overground portion
can be protected by
painting etc.

2)It is always better

to ground any metal
surface.Pipe lines
carrying petroleum
products are
grounded to avoid
static charge
buildup.But
grounding of the line
will not nullify the
CP system installed.

3)If the subject pipe

line is struck with a
direct lightning
stroke then most
probably it might
get destroyed
eventhough it is
properly grounded.If
it is hit by an
indirect stroke then
the difference in
current will be
easlily conducted by
the line and there
cannot be a
damage.But in my
opinion the line
profile and
installation details
are required to
provide a better
answer.

4)What do you
understand by the
grounding
resistance of a long
underground pipe
line?I cannot
understand how you
obtained a very high
value of resistance
when any pipe line
is always bonded to
ground.Also I donot
think the usual
testing techniques
(Fall of Potential
method,Slope
method etc)used for
measuring ground
electrode resistance
are valid for
underground
pipelines.
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
zaza123
(Electrical)
(OP)
1 Jan 10 23:27
Thanks Kiribanda,

1. Will the
Underground Portion
which is protected
by CP system will
also be protected by
grounding.
4.We did not
measure at the
Electrode, we
measured with Earth
resistance meter
connecting the
Earth point to
Pipeline.There are
three leads in Earth
resistance meter.
Current Spike,
Voltage Spike &
Earth.We connected
the Earth Point of
Meter to Pipeline
structure after
removing small
pained coating.The
value showed 19
Ohms.The result
suggested that the
Pipeline is grounded
but not properly as
it has high
resistance.
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
Kiribanda
(Electrical) 2 Jan 10
13:53
zaza123,

1)I donot
understand what do
you mean by
"protected by
grounding"?.The
underground line is
definitely
mechanically
bonded to various
other grounded
structures like tanks,
vesels etc.

4)The method that

you used for earth
resistance
measurement is the
Fall of Potential
method.But as far as
I know this Fall of
Potential method
cannot be applied
for such long
underground lines.

4.1)Does the user

guide of your tester
specify how to
measure the
resistance of a long
underground pipe
using Fall of
Potential Method?

4.2)If yes,can you

please upload that
page with the make
& model of your
tester?

4.3)Why are you

trying to measure
the ground
resistance of this
already grounded
metallic pipeline?
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
zaza123
(Electrical)
(OP)
2 Jan 10 14:11
Dear Kiribanda,
1) The Underground
Pipeline is not
mechanically
bonded to any
structure.Only a
small portion of the
pipeline is
underground rest is
overground.
4.1) The user guide
specifies the
method of Testing,
but it does not
specify whether the
pipeline grounding
can be measured by
it.It is basically used
for measuring the
resistance of Earth
electrodes.
4.3) We had an
incident in which
there was explosion
in the Piepline due
to Lightining, i am
measuring the Earth
resistance of the
pipeline to check
whether the pipeline
is groinded or not.
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
Kiribanda
(Electrical) 2 Jan 10
23:49
zaza123,

If the line is not

mechanically
connected,then
what are connected
to its either ends?

Pipe line ground

resistance cannot
measure using Fall
of Potential
method.It is true
only for a single
electrode or for a
small grounding
system consisting
several electrodes.

From your
description it seems
that the line had
been struck by a
direct
stroke.Therefore, I
donot understand
why you are worried
about ensuring a
low grounding
resistanec for the
line.

Could you please

upload (pdf)a simple
hand drawn sketch
showing the line,its
 elevation,end
connections and the
point where the
lightning struck?

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Electrical Grounding, Electrical Standards

Is it acceptable to have cathodic protection (CP) impressed current on a
grounding system and how will it impact instrumentation grounding?

Tom from Texas sent us:

We have building a Gas Plant in North Dakota. We are using over 2000 bare steel
piles 36inch diameter and 50 ft deep. We want to use it as our primary grounding
grid. The CP system is an impressed current system. We are bonding all piles
together with insulated copper 4/0 ground wires CADWELDED to each other.
1. Is this acceptable to have impressed current on our Safety Ground system?
2. The instumentation ground will be isolated with copper rods, however, the
instrumetn themselves will be mounted to steel structures that will be tied to the
CP impressed current protected steel. Is this an issue?
Hi Tom,
Thank you for your excellent questions regarding grounding using pilings,
impressed current and instrumentation grounding, it is our pleasure to help.
It sounds from your email that you have the basics of a good ground design.
Utilizing the steel pilings is a great way to provide effective grounding. This
grounding system is what is called building steel and it does require that there
are no vapor barriers between the concrete and the earth. Vapor barriers are
typically plastic which can prevent the flow of electricity from leaving the rebar in
the steel and entering the earth.
Please be aware that there are two key drawbacks when using building steel.
The first one is that building steel is an extremely noisy environment, electrically
speaking. Generally, you will want to avoid using it for grounding of your
electronics systems. The second issue is that during lightning strikes and/or
electrical utility faults at your main transformers (which can be tens of thousands
of amps), the steel rebar can heat up causing the concrete to crack. You may
wish to consider installing some copper down the length of some key pilings to
ensure that an effective path to earth exists. This may also help reduce
magnetism and some of the electrical noise issues. Typically we recommend
conducting Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and Ground Potential Difference (GPD)
studies on these systems, to ensure that the proper amount of copper is being
installed. You dont want to much, or too little copper. You may also want bare
copper versus insulated, its hard to know without seeing your blue prints.
To your question #1 regarding impressed current, the general answer is yes, it is
acceptable to have direct current corrosion rectifiers on the grounding system,
given that it is not interfering with your instrumentation ground.
Question #2 is a bit more complicated. We recommend you review the Motorola
R56 standard and the ANSI/ITA/EIA-J-STD-607A for reference to grounding of your
computer server rooms. Maintaining a separate (yet bonded) instrumentation
ground that is isolated from the electrical ground is key. You may also need a
dedicated (and clean) 5-ohm or less grounding system just for the servers.
Bonding of the raised floor pedestals, AC equipment, fire suppression gear,
metallic conduits, server racks, etc., can get very complicated. Let alone when
you consider the lightning protection system, gas pipelines, water lines, fire
systems, telecommunications, and your electrical substations (which will require
human safety and step & touch voltage hazard analysis under 29 CFR 1910.269),
all of which need to be bonded back to each other.
Here are a few previous blogs that we think may be of interest to you for your
particular project:
http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/blog/516/do-i-need-down-conductors-to-
be-bonded-to-the-re-bar-in-concrete-column
http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/i-am-designing-a-ground-grid-for-a-new-
115kv-substation-the-civil-design-is-planning-on-utilizing-steel-piles-for-
strucutral-support-we-would-like-to-utilize-the-piles-as-ground-rods-if-possible-bu
http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/blog/337/is-it-possible-to-provide-
electrical-grounding-utilzing-planned-structural-deep-earth-shafts
E&S Grounding Solutions is happy to help you with these issue. Please feel free
to call us at 310-318-7151 and one of our engineers will be happy to discuss your
project with you, free of charge.
Best regards,
The Engineering Team at E&S Grounding Solutions

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I am designing a ground grid for a new 115kV substation. The civil design is
planning on utilizing steel piles for structural support. We would like to utilize the
piles as ground rods if possible, but we are concerned with corrossion issues
since the grid is going to be copper. To avoid galvanic corrossion issues will we
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Japanese code for Lightning Protection has followed IEC 61024-1 (IEC 62305-3
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We have a product that is made from urethane and is used to provide temporary
repairs of steel equipment. The urethae has magnets cast inside and steel bars
that are cast in the urethane and extend out to magnetically hold the product to
the steel equipment. (IE there is steel to steel contact) A customer asked me if
the urethane part would be anti static or if the steel in & out of the urethane
would provide ground thru the steel in the equipment, which is grounded.
Pipes have no grounding in them, how do I do it?
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What is an L Visa & How Can I Use One To Start A Business In The U.S.?
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What is an L Visa & How Can I Use One To Start A Business In The U.S.?

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An L-1 visa is a good option for a foreign company that that seeks to send an
employee to work at an existing U.S. company. An L visa is also a good option for
a foreign company trying to send an employee to open a new office in the United
States. The employee must have a particular set of skills and either be a
manager/executive or have particular specialized knowledge. In the past, L visas
were relatively easy to get approved but the past few years have seen a rampant
increase in Requests for Evidence (RFEs) and denials of L petitions. This is
particularly the case for applicants applying under the specialized knowledge
category or those seeking to extend a visa that was granted for a new office. The
relatively new scrutiny makes an L visa an extremely document intensive visa
that must be navigated carefully.
There are four main requirements to obtain an L visa outlined below. Remember
that even if a foreign company is opening a new office in the U.S., it is always the
U.S. entity or employer that will actually apply for the L visa.
The U.S. employer must have a qualifying relationship with a foreign company.
This means that the foreign company and the entity in the U.S. have a
relationship such as parent, branch, subsidiary or affiliate and the U.S. entity and
foreign company share common ownership and control.
The company must be doing business in the United States and at least one
foreign country, either directly or through a company with a qualifying
relationship to the U.S. employer (parent, branch, subsidiary or affiliate).
The employee must have been working for the foreign company for one
continuous year out of the preceding three years (normally you show payroll
records to prove this) and
The employee must be entering the United States to work at the U.S. company
as a manager, executive or specialized worker.
Types of L Visas
There are two types of L-1 visas, corresponding to different job functions.
L-1A Visa
The first type of visa is the L-1A, which is used for managers and executives who
are responsible for running the business and managing professional workers,
among other things. The Code of Federal Regulations provides strict definitions of
managers and executives and the visa application must include a detailed
job description as evidence that the executive or manager has the authority to
plan, direct, supervise and control the companys main functions. While
beneficial, managers need not supervise employees necessarily and can manage
functions or processes instead. That being said, the case for managing
employees is much easier to document.
L-1B Visa
The second type of visa is the L-1B, which is appropriate for workers who possess
special knowledge of an organizations product, services, research techniques or
policies and procedures. A specialized knowledge worker refers to someone who
is a key member of the organization and has proprietary knowledge that can only
be gained through experience with that particular employer. An example of
specialized knowledge is knowledge of an exclusive software owned solely by the
company or any other knowledge that has an impact on the competitiveness of
the business.
New Offices
If a foreign company wants to establish a new office in the U.S., they may create
a U.S. business entity and then apply for an L-1A visa to send an executive or
manager to run the new U.S. office. When a new office is being established, the
employer must submit additional evidence in the L visa application. Namely, the
employer must show that they have obtained physical office space and that the
business is going to be profitable such that it can support the new employee
brought to start the operations. Normally a business plan is submitted with this
application in addition to the lease agreement for the premises obtained. While
obtaining an approval for a new office L visa is manageable, the visa is only
issued for one year and getting an extension is difficult. Normally you must show
significant growth in the first year in order to get an extension and you should
have hired a number of employees.
Timing & Cost
The L-1A visa can be extended for a maximum period of 7 years, while an L-1B
visa can be extended for a maximum period of 5 years. For managers,
executives and specialized knowledge workers transferring to an established
company in the U.S., the L-1 visa will be granted for an initial period of 3 years
and then can be extended in 2 year increments. However, executives and
managers who are being transferred to start a new office in the U.S. will only be
granted an L visa for an initial period of 1 year. As noted above, it is quite
difficult to get an extension after one year if your company has not experienced
significant growth.
L visas are all processed by USCIS and after the approval notice is obtained, the
employee must get a visa in his/her own country. To file an L petition, you must
pay a $325 filing fee plus a number of additional filing fees. (eg. Possibly
Premium processing & Fraud Prevention fees). Remember that when you submit
documents to USCIS, they must be translated and include the appropriate
translation declarations.
Should I get an E-2 Visa or an L Visa?
The analysis of which visa is appropriate for a particular candidate depends on
the facts and circumstances of the case. That being said, as long as an applicant
is from a Treaty Country and can show the significant investment that is
required for an E-2 visa (usually not less than $50,000) an E visa provides good
flexibility. For example, the E-2 visa can be issued for 5 years and the filing fees
are substantially less than for L visas. (See above) Also, given the increased
scrutiny associated with L visas, E visas are often selected over L visas. As India
and China are not treaty country members, many of the L visas that we process
are from nationals of those two countries. One benefit of an L Visa though is that
it is a dual intent visa so it is easier to apply for a green card while on an L Visa.
Can I Bring My Family?
Spouses and unmarried children under 21 may apply for an L-2 classification,
which allows them to stay in the U.S. for the duration of the L-1 visa holders
stay. Spouses of the L-1 visa holder may apply for work authorization, which will
allow them to work anywhere in the U.S. and unmarried children under 21 will be
able to attend school.
To find out more about our immigration and business services, contact Scott
Legal, P.C.
Ian E. Scott, Esq. is the Founder of Scott Legal, P.C. He can be reached at 212-
223-2964 or by email at [email protected].

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before acting on anything you read here. Past results are no guarantee of future
results and prior results do not imply or predict future results. Each case is
different and must be judged on its own merits.
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2 Comments

Shujauddin Munshi November 15, 2014 at 3:38 pm

Dear Madam
I am Electrical Engineer presently I am working with ABB Electrical Industries
Company Ltd Saudi Arabia as After Sale Service Manager in Power Products
Medium Voltage Switchgear Department. I have join ABB since 1994 and
performing my duties with successfully till to date .
Kindly let me know which visa process will be suitable for I can send you all my
particulars.
Please send me your response to my ABB e-mail address
Thanks for your valuable invitation and appreciated.
Thanks &
Best/regards
Shujauddin Munshi
After Sales Service Manager
ABB Electrical Industrial Co. Ltd.
Phone: +966 1 265 3030 Ext.1383
Telefax: +966 1 265 1211
Mobile: 00966 506233432
email: [email protected]
Kindly find the below my C.V
SHUJAUDDIN MUNSHI
CURRICULUM VITAE
_________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD CO.
P.O.Box 251, Riyadh 11383, Saudi Arabia.
OFFICE CONTACT # 009661-2653030 Ext 1383
RES PHONE # 009661-4642603
MOBILE # 00966506233432
E-MAIL [email protected]
[email protected]
ADDRES IN PAKISTAN Banglow # R-29 Block # 13D/1 KDA
Scheme # 24 Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi
DATE & PLACE OF BRITH 03-March-1962 Karachi Pakistan
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To be part of a growth oriented organization where I can apply my technical
managerial knowledge and gained experience at various academic and
professional places to mutually benefit for organization and for self.
WORK EXPERRIENCE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
1) ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD COMPANY. RIYADH SAUDI ARABIA.
2) MC-DERMOTT AMERICAN ON SHORE OFF SHORE COMPANY DUBAI.
________________________________________________________________________________
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE SUMMARY IN ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES SAUDI
ARABIA
Presently I am working as After Sale Manager for Medium Voltage Power
Products with (ABB Electrical Industries Company Ltd Saudi Arabia)
Promoted as Senior Project Engineer for Medium Voltage Switchgear
Engineering.(ABB Saudi Arabia) in year of January 2007 up- to December 2009
Promoted as Technical Support and After Sales Service Engineer in year of July
2003 up-to December/2006
I have join as Testing/Commissioning of Electrical Power Products , Protection
Relays & Control. In ABB Electrical Industries Company Ltd Saudi Arabia from 16
June/1994 up-to 2003
PROFESSIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE WITH
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA January 2010 till to
Date
A) AFTER SALE MANAGER IN POWER PRODUCTS MEDIUM VOLATGE DEPARTMENT
Promoted as After Sale Manager in Power Products Medium Voltage Department
& Medium Voltage Switchgear Power Technology Department ABB Electrical
Industries Ltd., Riyadh Saudi Arabia Branch.
(http://www.abb.com)
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
After Sales Customer Technical Support with the Medium Voltage Power
Products.
Projects site comments to attend by assigning the within the departments
Technician & Engineers.
Corresponding with ABB venders & suppliers for technical clarification of the
Medium Voltage Products.
Customer record in CCRP (Customer Complaints Resolution Process) data base
for Medium Voltage Products warrantee period.
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA January 2007 up to-
December 2009
B) SENIOR PROJECT ENGINEER IN POWER PRODUCTS MEDIUM VOLATGE
DEPARTMENT
I have worked as Senior Project Engineer in the Medium Voltage Switchgear
Power Technology Department of ABB Electrical Industries Ltd., Riyadh Saudi
Arabia Branch.
I have ABB PMP Certification.
(http://www.abb.com)
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
After the receiving the project documents from front & Sales, study the projects
terms & condition, coordinate with proposal & design as well as supply
management.
Corresponding with vender suppliers for technical clarification of the products.
Project execution as per project specification and contractual terms and
conditions.
Keeping the close coordination between all concerned of the project either side.
Project budget control in all aspect in order to maintain the profitability.
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA July 2003 December
2006
C) CUSTOMER TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND AFTER SALES SERVICE ENGINEER
I have worked in the capacity of Customer Technical Support and After Sales
Service Engineer in the Medium Voltage Switchgear Power Technology
Department of ABB Electrical Industries Ltd., Riyadh Saudi Arabia Branch.
(http://www.abb.com).
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
After Sales Customer Technical Support.
Projects site comments to attend by assigning the within the departments
Technician & Engineers.
Corresponding with vender suppliers for technical clarification of the products.
Handled & Managed Various Projects
I have handled & managed various projects for site Testing & Pre-Commissioning
activity carried out with the professionals team site Technician, Supervisors, and
Commissioning Engineers. Worked with yearly budget of 30 million Saudi-Riyals
for site Testing & Pre-Commissioning projects.
The various projects were commissioned and handle as listed below.
A) Shoaiba Power Plant: Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
B) Quaiza 132kV/13.8kV sub-station: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
C) Hail Water Treatment Plant: Hail, Saudi Arabia.
D) Saudi Aramco Desalination Plant Harad: Harad, Saudi Arabia.
E) Petro Kemiya Plant: Sabic Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
F) Various Saudi Electricity projects handled: Riyadh Central region, Dammam
Eastern region, Jeddah Western region
G) J.RAY Mc-DERMOTT: ON Shore/ OFF Shore oil field Jebel Ali
Dubai.
Responsibility
I was responsible for site Testing & Pre-Commissioning activity, co-ordination with
the customer for site witnessed, organizing the site commissioning schedule,
clearing the customer comments, and final commissioning acceptance test.
Reported to
After the commissioned the projects, all the projects site report customer
acceptance certificates are handing over to Field Commissioning Manager.
I held this position until July 30, 2003.
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA June 1994 June
2003
D)TESTING and COMMISSIONING ENGINEER IN POWER PRODUCTS MEDIUM
VOLATGE DEPARTMENT
I have worked in the capacity of Testing and Commissioning Engineer for Power
Products Medium Voltage Switchgear Department in the ABB Electrical Industries
Ltd., Riyadh Saudi Arabia Branch. (http://www.abb.com).
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Testing & Commissioning of 13.8kV/33kVSwitchgear.
Work involved testing of typical control and protection circuits.
Power Frequency test, insulation test.
Testing of Network Protection and control scheme.
Testing of various electrical components used in the switchgear.
Testing of LV switchgear, Ring Main Units, Compact Substations.
Mobile Substation with capacity 5, 10, 20MVA 69kV/13.8kV.
Trouble shooting during erection, Testing & Commissioning of various projects.
Customer Inspection and Type Test witnessing.
Preparation and study the test results as per IEC regulation.
Quality Control check according to QA regulation for Metering, Control and
Protection. Components used in switchgears.
Testing & Commissioning of substation 13.8kV/0.480kV
33kV/13.8kV.
SHEBBA MARINE PANAMA MV SHIP DUKE OF SA Oct, 1992 20-03-1994
E) ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Marine navigation equipments.
Low Voltage Motor Control and AC/DC Distribution systems.
Generator Protection relays, Synchronizing unit, Load control and
Load sharing systems.
DC Control Devices for DC Motors.
MC DERMOTT DUBAI AMERICAN ON SHORE OFFSHORE COMPANY Jan 1992 Aug
1992
F) ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Installation & commissioning ON SHORE OFF SHORE
Substations Electrical work.
ANSALDO ITALIAN COMPANY (PAKISTAN K.E.S.C. BIN QASIM THARMAL POWER
STATION 210 MW TWO UINTS) April 1989- Feb 1991
G) ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING SUPERVISOR
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Electrical Commissioning Supervisor
Commissioned following systems.
1. H&B Logic Control system.
2. GSX5C Generator Protection system by ABB.
3. M.N.S. Change over system by ABB.
4. Cathodic Protection system by Wilson Walton.
5. 6.6KV Switchgears system by Magrini Italia
6. Power Control & Motor Control Center by BBC Italia.
7. Protection Relays.
8. Hydrogen generation plant.
9. DC System of 24V, 48V, and 220V.
10. 220 KV, SF6 Switchgears auxiliary and Control.
System by HITACHI JAPAN.
SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING COMPANY Jan 1986 April 1989
H) ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
I have worked on various Projects with Siemens Pakistan in capacity of Electrical
Supervisor following are the project brief description.
h.1) GAS TURBINE POWER STATION 100 X 2 MW KOT ADDU
Commissioning of 6.6 KV Switchgear.
Commissioning of Generator Protection Relays by Siemens Germany.
h.2) BELA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES WINDER BALUCHITAN
Commissioning of 6.6 KV Switchgear by Siemens Germany.
h.3) SIEMENS PAKISTAN SITE KARACHI HIGH VOLTAGE TEST FIELD LAB
Commissioning of High Voltage test field for Power Transformer High Voltage
Test up to 400 KV Impulse Generator Test up to 1200 KV Indus Voltage Test.
EDUCATION & PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Electrical Engineer Degree: from Penn Foster USA.
Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Degree: from Preston University Karachi
Pakistan as Private Student.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING:
TECHNICAL SEMENARS AND COURESES
A) I have attended 1 day Seminar for AVO International
In Electrical Test & Measuring Equipments.
B) 5 Days Training course in Protective
Relays Application from ACTRAIN
The course was content as listed below.
Phases and polarity.
Short Circuit Review.
Relay Coordination Basics.
Basic Circuit Arrangement and Relay types.
Current and Potential Transformers.
Grounding and Symmetrical components.
Feeder Protection.
Transformer Protection.
Motor Protection.
Generator Protection.
Plant Utility Tie Circuit Protection.
Bus Bar Protection.
Capacitor Protection.
Time Current Characteristic Curves.
C) I have taken 2 days course in Technical Report
Writing from MCE.
D) 4 Days Training Course for Programming and
Configuration of REF 542 Relay Instructors from
ABB Germany.
E) 5 Days Training Program in Power System
Protection by ABB University Switzerland.
The course was content as listed below.
Fault and disturbances.
Requirements for Protection and Substation.
Automation.
Current and Voltage Transformers.
Line Protection.
Bus Bar Protection.
Generator Protection.
Products.
Motor Protection.
PROTECTION RELAYS
The following listed ABB Protection relays
tested during Testing/Commissioning period.
1) Transformer Diff. relays : RADSB, SPAD330
2) Bus bar Differential relays : RADHA, RADSS
3) Over current relay : RACID, MCGG, SPAJ140
4) Auto reclosuer relay : REXA103, RACIB
5) Directional relay : REL010, RXPE, and METI
6) Breaker failure relay : RAICA, RAICC, and MCTI
7) Pilot wire protection. Relay : H04, MBCI
8) Motor protection relay : SPAM150
9) Under voltage relay : SPAU130
10) Annunciator : SACO16.3D
The below listed equipments were handled during the site Substations
Commissioning
works.
A. Secondary Injection Relays and Metering Components Testing Sets.
B. Injection test sets, Severker 750/650.
C. Freja R.T.S.11, R.T.S.21, R.T.S.300 Computerized secondary Current & Voltage
Injection
Testing sets.
D. Power & Control Test bench.
E. Meg Curve Test set
F. Circuit Breaker Timing Test set (Programa)
G. The Primary Testing Equipments
Power frequency test set.
2kV.Test set, Peak Voltmeter set.
Primary Current Injection Test set.
Contact Resistance Test set.
Shujauddin Munshi
After Sales Service Manager
ABB Electrical Industrial Co. Ltd.
Phone: +966 1 265 3030 Ext.1383
Telefax: +966 1 265 1211
Mobile: 00966 506233432
email: [email protected]

Should I get an E-2 Visa or an L Visa?

The analysis of which visa is appropriate for a particular candidate depends on
the facts and circumstances of the case. That being said, as long as an applicant
is from a Treaty Country and can show the significant investment that is
required for an E-2 visa (usually not less than $50,000) an E visa provides good
flexibility. For example, the E-2 visa can be issued for 5 years and the filing fees
are substantially less than for L visas. (See above) Also, given the increased
scrutiny associated with L visas, E visas are often selected over L visas. As India
and China are not treaty country members, many of the L visas that we process
are from nationals of those two countries. One benefit of an L Visa though is that
it is a dual intent visa so it is easier to apply for a green card while on an L Visa.

IanScott November 16, 2014 at 5:49 pm

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High Impedance Differential protection
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Tips raghun (Electrical)
Resources
Forums! (OP) eBook: The
Midsize 5-
Tal 6 May 08 00:31 Axis
k Buyers
Our client uses High impedance circulating current principle for
Wi Guide
Restricted Earth fault protection and for Busbar protection.
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Of late there is discussion with some section of engineers saying we
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As protection engineer, I am conversant with the merits/demerits of
Me
high impedance based protection and personally hold the view that
m
be unless driven by need, there is no point in changing the protection
rs philosophy just because others are doing and such reasons.
Investing in a
machining center
I am also aware low impedance differential protection from ABB with full 5-axis
(RADSS) was available since 1980s (or even before. capabilities can
Be make a world of
No I would like to know the views of the learned members of this forum. difference for
manufacturers.
tifi I would also like to see if some one has statistical data as to how Download Now
ed many utilities of the world still continue to use the High impedance
Of principle based differential protection. White
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RE: High Impedance Differential protection

REM76 (Electrical) 6 May 08 01:31

I know several years ago Siemens was using the high impedance
differential bus protection in thier high voltage substation design. This
was implemented as a typical design for the new 400 kV substations
that were part of the power interconnection projects between the
Middle East and Europe. This project is still going and I think the
design is still the same.

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

Marmite (Electrical) 6 May 08 05:23

You might find the attached paper of interest. It discusses the relative
merits of high and low impedance REF schemes.
Regards
Marmite

http://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=23b77690-bad0-4fec-a9d6-9d

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

PUNGLU (Electrical) 6 May 08 07:24

It is obvious that technological advancements have enabled

manufacturers to come up with relays with less VA requirements. Low
impendance differential and REF schemes are gaining popularity but a
change from the high impedance could be purely based on economic
sense.

From the merits and demerits and cosidering the economic sense vis a
vis sensitivity then I don't see why you can decide suddenly to
overhaul the scheme.

Unless the relays have deterorited then I think you should maintain
the relays. We still use PBOs, TJMs and FACs and they serve well the
purposes.....
RE: High Impedance Differential protection
slavag (Electrical) 6 May 08 10:47

Hi.
Raghun is very, very intresting Q.
About REF HI, Marmite thanks a lot for the document.
Many countries/utilities request REF HI ( I see from time to time
projects for ME, India and others).
On other hand, I see utilities at retrofir time disconnect REF HI and
used REF LI only, but for the big AT still used REF HI.
BBP, as Rakan said, for the 400kV one and half CB configuration used
HI BBP, but as combination of LI and HI
BBP for redandancy.
Lot of new projects in ME and Eroupean contries used only LI BBP, but
for the redundancy used two options:
1. two LI BBP or one LI BBP and additional separated LI BFP
is connected to different CT's.
Best Regards.
Slava

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

slavag (Electrical) 7 May 08 00:23

Good Morning.
I would like add some intresting document about 87T ( diff )
protection. isn't exactly about OP, but..
http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot296.nsf/veritydisplay/b3
72b00ba07f190ac125721a007606dd/$File/SA2006-
000850_A_en_Transformer_Differential_Protection_Improved_by_Imple
mentation_of_Negative-Sequence_Currents.pdf

Additional about HI BFP,

RADSS is great protection, but "problem" isn't RADSS, are class Px
CT's( we need use same CT ratio on all bays for the BBP HI) and BB
replika EM relays. Before 2 years flashover on this relay was reason for
serious fault in our area. For RADSS we always need RAICA ( BFP), as
separate relay and many times connected to the separated CT core.
I don't say about end-fault protection. Optionality for the bay
protective functionality in the BBP.
Economical reason, less wiring, more flexibility is reason for used
modern LI BBP instaed perfect HI BBP.
Just my pinion.
Best Regards.
Slava

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

raghun (Electrical)

(OP)

8 May 08 09:37

Thanks all for the posts.

Marmite, Thanks for the informative paper on REF protection.

But, I am still looking for some idea as to how many utilities in the
world still continue to specify High impedance type REF/Busbar
protection!

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

 jghrist (Electrical) 8 May 08 12:26

You might be able to get some information on relative sales of bus

differential relays from Schweitzer. They sell both a high impedance
SEL-587Z and a low-impedance (current) SEL-487B for bus differential
applications. One advantage of the SEL-587Z is cost (about 60% of
the 487B).

Schweitzer uses a directional element in their SEL-387 for transformer

REF protecdtion.

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

raghun (Electrical)

(OP)

10 May 08 23:02

Thanks, jghrist.
AREVA also sells MCAG and MFAC models for High impedance
differential protection. They too seem to be doing well.

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

slavag (Electrical) 11 May 08 14:14

Hi Raghun.
Maybe possible ask your local ABB, Areva, GE, Siemens for the
reference list.
Best Regards.
Slava

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