CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. The Time and Location of the Study

This research will be conducted at SMK Swasta Setia Budi Binjai 2014/2015 of

seventh year student. The plan of study as the following table:

Table 3.1

Month/Year 2014/2015 Explanation

Activity
Agust September Oktober

Observation

Planning/
Development Proposal

Ratification of

Proposal

Seminar

Collecting of the Data

Preparation of Thesis

B. The Design of the Study

The method this research namely experimental research. Here, the research will

observe two variables. The first, which was given assignments, is the experimental group and

the second without being given assignment was the control group.

The procedure of administering the assignments is that the test is administered to both

groups of students before they are taught the reading. Then the same assignment is also

administered to both sample groups after they are taught the reading.

The researcher used the following experiment design as follow:

18
Group Pre-test Treatment Post-test
Experiment Pre-test X Post-test
Control Pre-test Y Post-test
 X : Giving Assignment
Y : Without Giving assignment
C. The Population and Sample
1. Population

The population is whole object to be examined 1. The population of this research is

all seventh year students of SMK Swasta Setia Budi Binjai, of the academic year of

2014/2015, which consist of 2 classes. The following is a table of population on SMK

Swasta Setia Budi Binjai :

Class Population
X-1 31 Students
X-2 31 Students
Total 62 Students

2. Sample

For just then square off when the subject is less than 100, are best taken all of
his research is to study the population.2

Based on the opinion above, the sample in this study will explained on the table

below:

Sample
Population Experimental Group Control Group
X-1 X-2
62 students 31 students 31 students

D. The Research Variable

A variable is a term support on symptoms, characteristics, or appearance of

different circumstances - different on each subject as test scores, academic achievement,

1 S. Arikunto. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2001). Page 107.

2 Ibid. page 108.

 motivation, interest and such. Variables can be classified into two kinds of independent

variables and the dependent variable.

E. Operational Definition Of Variables

a) Independent variables

Independent variables is variabel affecting. The Use Of Picture As Media, with the

code (X).

b) Dependent variable

The dependent variable is the variable that influenced the investigation or related.

Ability Of Writing, with code (Y)

F. Procedure for Collecting Data

In this research, the data are collected by giving the test to the student. The test is

given to the students in other to know the development of students achievement in reading.

The students will be given the assignments that consist of multiple-choice tests. The test

consists of 20 items.

The material of test is related to the English text book for SMK and it is concerned to

competence based on Curriculum 2006.

In procedure for collecting data, the writer uses 2 steps. They are pre-test, and post-

test. Teacher gives students test to measure their knowledge.

1. Pre Test

The pre test is conduct to finding out the homogeneity of sample and the result is

available arrange to the group as suppose. Pre test function is to know the mean score of

experimental group and control group. The time given to finish the text is 45 minutes and

then answer sheet are collect.

2. Post Test
 Post-test will give after the treatment. Post-test is use to know the effect of giving

assignment to the students. The answers of the post-test are correct accurately to find the

result.

F. The Data Analysis Techniques

a. Normality test.

Normality Tests conducted to determine whether a normal distribution of data. It is

important to know the provisions relating to the selection of statistical tests that will be used.

Test parametik for example, suggests data should be normally distributed. If the data

distribution is not normal then suggest using non parametik test.

Normality testing should be done if there is no theory that is examined variables is

normal. In other words, if there is a theory which states that a variable that is being

meticulous is normal, it is not in need of further testing the normality of the data.

Having collected the data of this study are the results of tests given, the data will be

analyzed by the following steps:

1) Determine the Mean

By using the formula:

X
X i

Y
Yi
n

2) Standard Deviation

n X 2 X
2

Sx
n n 1

n Y 2 Y
2

Sy
n n 1
3) Test of Normality

Test of normality following the procedure in Sudjana is:

a. Observations X1, X2, Xn used as raw numbers Z1,

Z2, ...... Zn using the formula:

Xi X
Z1
S

X
( and S respectively are the average and standard deviation of the sample)

b. To that end each of these raw numbers and use distribution lists

moral standard, then calculated odd(Zi) = P(Z Zi)

c. Furthermore, calculating the proportion of Z1, Z2, Zn ......

smaller or equal to Z1 if this proportion is based on S (Zi) then:

Z1, Z2, ., Zn yang Zi
SZi =
n
b. Data homogeneity test.

Testing homogenitass is about equal variances least two or more distributions.

Homogeneity test which will be discussed in this paper is a test of homogeneity of

variance and test burlett. Homogeneity test is done to determine whether the data in the

variables X and Y are homogeneous or not.

To test whether the two groups of homogeneous, the following hypothesis will be

tested :

Ho : 1 = 2

Ho : 1 2

Statistical formula used is:

S 21
Fhitung = S 22

Creteria of test
 acept Ho if Fhitung< Ftabel

c. The Hypotesis of Test

To determine whether there is a relationship between the independent variable (X)

with the dependent variable (Y) in proving whether or not the proposed hypotheses, we

used the product moment correlation coefficient formula3 :

N XY ( X )( Y )
r xy
N X ( X ) N .Y ( Y )
2 2 2 2

Explanation :

rxy= The correlation coefficient between the variables x and y

X
= Raw Score Variables X

Y
= Raw Score Variables Y
N = the number of respondents / sample

X
2
= After X number of scores squared

Y
2
= After Y number of scores squared
To test the significance level 4 formula above, then use the t-test formula:

r N 2
t
1 r 2

Explanation :

t = result of t table
r = Amount of correlation between the variables X and Y
N = Number of samples

3 Riduan. Easy Learning The study. (Bandung : Alpabet, 2010)Page. 138.

4 Ibid .Page 139.

R2 = The results of the correlation between the variables X and Y are squared.