CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter present research design and variable, population, sample,

sampling technique, instrument of the research, procedure of collecting data and

tecnique of data analysis.

A. Research Design

This research applied pre-experimental design with one groups namely

pre-test and post-test design. The design is formulated as the following tables:

Table 3.1 Research Design

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

(O1) X (O2)

Where: O1 the pre-test

O2 the post-test

X the treatment

(Gay, 1981:22)

B. Variable and Indicators of the Research

1. Variable

There were two variables of the research namely, independent variable and

dependent variable

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a. Independent variable was the use of culture oriented materials for the

experimental class.

b. Dependent variable was the students’ reading comprehension.

2. Indicator

The indicators of this research were the use of culture oriented materials

especially about Buginese culture, which was used to improve students’

reading comprehension. Where the reading comprehension was included in

the literal reading category that involves thinking the ideas and facts that are

directly stated on the printed pages. It was the skill of getting the literal

meaning of word idea or sentence in a text.

C. Population and Sample

1. Population

The population of the research was taken from the students at the

second year students of SMA Negeri 8 Selayar. This population consisted

of the students of XI class. Which consisted of two classes of this grade

namely XI IPA and XI IPS. XI IPA was consisted of 25 students and XI

IPS was consisted of 30 students. The total of population were 55 students.

2. Sample

The sampling technique of this research used purposive sampling,

which every member of the population has the same opportunity to be the

sample of the research. The researcher taken was XI IPA consisting of 25

students.
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D. Instruments of the research

In collecting data, the research used one kind of instrument namely

reading test that which was consisted of essay test where it was

administrated in pre-test and post-test as the instrument of the research.

Pre-test was intended to find out the prior levels of students reading

comprehension, while post-test was intended to find out the effectiveness

and the improvement of the treatment. The test for pre-test was the same

for as post –test these consisted of 5 items.

E. Procedure of data collection

1. Pre-test

Before giving the treatment, the researcher give a pre-test to the

sample. There aimed to identifying the students’ prior knowledge of

Reading Comprehension.

2. Treatment

The students were treating by using teaching speech technique. In

this case, the researcher taught the students by using Culture Oriented

Materials in reading comprehension. The research used speech technique

to present this method. Treatments were held for 4 (four) meetings where

the topic present in the classroom, through Culture Oriented Materials.

a. First Meeting: The researcher gave the students’ reading material “the

history of Buginesse and world origin Buginesse” with text book to

improve reading comprehension.

b. Second Meeting : The researcher gave the students’ reading material “a

traditional wedding ceremony in the east area of bulukumba,” with text

book to improve reading comprehension.

c. Third Meeting : The researcher gave the students’ reading material

“Datok Tiro” with text book to exercise to improve reading

comprehension.

d. Fourth Meeting : The researcher gave the students’ reading material

“Phinisi” with text book to exercise to improve reading comprehension.

3. Post-test

The researcher gave post-test to find the value or the students’in

learning reading comprehension. In this part, the students’ gave the test

with the same question with pre-test. It was to know the students’ before

and after giving treatment by using culture oriented materials to improve

reading comprehension.

F. Technique of data analysis

The data collected through the pre-test and post-test were analyzed

statistically through the following steps:

Rubric Assessment of literal comprehension in reading comprehension by using

this formula :
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NO Main Idea Score

1 Clearly identified the main idea by providing strong 4

evidence, details relating to the main idea.

2 Identified main idea and provided adequate evidence, 3

details relating to the main idea.

3 Limited main idea identification and limited evidence, 2

details relating to the main idea.

4 Did not identify the main idea of the story or provided any 1

limited evidence, details relating to the main idea.

NO Criteria Supporting Details Score

1 Relevant, telling, quality details give reader important 4

information that goes beyond the obvious or predictable.

2 Supporting details and information were relevant, but one key 3

issues maybe unsupported or more predictable than others.

3 Supporting details and information were relevant, but one key 2

issues maybe unsupported or fairly predictable.

4 Supporting details and information were relevant, but several 1

key issues were unsupported or were fairly predictable.

(Harmer, 1996) in Nirwana (2014:28)

1. Scoring the students’ correct answer in pre-test and post-test by using this

formula

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

(Sugiono, 1997:52)

2. Classifying the students’ score into seven base on the following criteria:

No Score Criteria

1 9.6 to 10 Excellent

2 8.6 to 9.5 Very Good

3 7.6 to 8.5 Good

4 6.6 to 7.5 Fairly Good

5 5.6 to 6.5 Fair

6 3.6 to 5.5 Poor

7 0 to 3.5 Very Poor

(Layman, in Nirwana 2014:30)

3. Test significance

Calculating the value of the t-test to show the mean score of pre-test

was significantly different from that of the post test by applying this

formula:
Where:
̅
D
t = t = test of significance
(Ʃ𝐷)² D = the different of mean score
√Ʃ𝐷²− 𝑁
𝑁(𝑁−1) D2 = deviation standard quadrate
Ʃ = sigma
N = number of students

(Gay, 1981: 331)

4. Calculating the mean score.

The mean score that the students achieve both pre-test (X1) and post-

test (X2) in their reading comprehension test were calcuted by using the mean

score formula as follows :

Where :
∑𝑥
𝑋= 𝑋 = mean score
𝑁
∑𝑥 = total score

N = number of students

(Gay, 1981: 298)