Simply Supported (Two-Way Spanning Slab)

Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room measuring 7.5m x 4.0m. The slab carries a
variable action of 2.5kN/m2 and permanent action due to finishes of 1.0kN/m2. The
characteristic material strength are fck=25N/mm2 and fyk=500N/mm2. The slab can be
considered simply supported on all four edges with corners free to lift. The slab is inside
buildings which subjected to 1.5 hours fire resistance and 50 years design life.

A slab simply supported on its four sides will deflect about both axes under load and the
corner will tend to lift and curl up from the support, causing torsional moments. When no
provision has been made to prevent this lifting or to resist the torsion, then the moment
coefficient of Table 3.13 BS8110: 1997 may be used and the maximum moments as given
by:
Ly

where;
Lx
= total ultimate load per unit area
= length of shorter side
= length of longer side
and are the moment coefficient

Table 3.13 BS8110: 1997

Ly/Lx 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.75 2.0
0.062 0.074 0.084 0.093 0.099 0.104 0.113 0.118
0.062 0.061 0.059 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.029

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1.0 SPECIFICATION
7500

5000

Long span, Ly = 7500mm

Short span, Lx = 5000mm
Ly/Lx = 7500/5000
= 1.5 < 2.0
Two-way slab

Characteristic actions:
----Permanent, gk = 1.2kN/m2 (excluding selfweight)
----Variable, qk = 2.5kN/m2
Design life = 50 Years
Fire resistance = R90
Exposure classes = XC1
Materials:
----Characteristic strength of concrete, fck = 25N/mm2
----Characteristic strength of steel, fyk = 500N/mm2
----Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25kN/m3
Assumed: bar = 10mm

2.0 SLAB THICKNESS

Min. thickness for fire resistance = 120mm

Estimated thickness for deflection control, h = Lx/26
= 192mm

Use, h = 200mm

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3.0 DURABILITY, FIRE AND BOND REQUIREMENTS

Min. concrete cover regard to bond, Cmin,b = 10mm

Min.concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin, dur = 15
Min. required axis distance for R60, a = 15mm

Min. concrete cover regard to fire

----Cmin = a-bar/2 = 15-(10/2)
= 10mm

Allowance in design for deviation, Cdev = 10mm

Nominal cover,
----Cnom = Cmin+ Cdev = 15+10
= 25mm
Cnom = 25mm

4.0 LOADING AND ANALYSIS

Slab self-weight = 0.2x25

= 5.0kN/m2
Permanent load (excluding self-weight) = 1.2kN/m2
Characteristic permanent action, Gk = 6.2kN/m2
Characteristic variable action, Qk = 2.5kN/m2

Design action, nd = 1.35Gk+1.5Qk

= 1.35(6.2) + 1.5(2.5)
= 12.12kN/m2
= 11.76kN/m

Moment:
Short span, Msx = sxnLx
2 = 0.104x12.12x5.02
= 31.51kNm/m
Long span, Msy = 2 = 0.046x12.12x5.02
synLx
= 13.94kNm/m

5.0 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth:
dx = h-Cnom-0.5bar = 200-30-(0.5x10)
= 170mm
dy = h-Cnom-1.5bar = 200-30-(1.5x10)
= 160mm

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Short span:
Msx = 31.5kNm/m
K = M/bd2fck = 31.5x106/(1000x1702x25)
= 0.044 < Kbal=0.167

Compression reinforcement is not required

= 0.96d 0.95d
z = d[0.5+ ]

Use 0.95d
= 31.5x106/(0.87x500x0.95x170)
= 449mm2/m
As = M/0.87fykz

H10-175 (bot)
(449mm2/m)
= 13.9kNm/m
Long span:
= 13.9x106/(1000x1602x25)
Msx
= 0.022 < Kbal=0.167
K = M/bd2fck

Compression reinforcement is not required

= 0.98d 0.95d

z = d[0.5+ ]
= 13.9x106/(0.87x500x0.95x170)
2
Use 0.95d = 211mm /m

As = M/0.87fykz

H10-325 (bot)
(242mm2/m)
= 0.26x(2.56/500)bd
= 0.0013bd > 0.0013bd
Min. and max. reinforcement area, = 0.0013x1000x170
As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bd = 227mm2/m
Use 0.0013bd
= 0.04x1000x200
= 8000mm2/m
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh

Quiz (Determine size, spacing and As,prov for

4
 secondary bar) 5 minutes

6.0 SHEAR

Lx

1m

= nLx/2
Max. design shear force, VEd = 12.1x(5.0/2)
= 30.3kN

Design shear resistance, = 1+(200/170)1/2

k = 1+(200/d)1/2 2.0 = 2.08 2.0

= 449/(1000x170)
1 = As1/bd 0.02 = 0.0026 0.02

1 1/3
= [0.12x2.0(100x0.0026x30)1/3]x1000x170
VRd,c = [0.12k(100 fck) ]bd = 76535N = 76.5kN

3/2
= [0.0035x2.03/2x251/2]x1000x170
Vmin = [0.35k fck1/2]bd = 84146N = 84.1kN

VRd,c ; Vmin > VEd (OK)

7.0 DEFLECTION

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

=As,req/bd = 449/(1000x170)
= 0.0026

Reference reinforcement ratio,

=(fck)1/2x10-3 = (25)1/2x10-3
= 0.0050

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Percentage of required compression reinforcement
=As,req/bd = 0/(1000x139)
= 0.000

Factor for structural system,

K = 1.0
use equation (2)

= 1.0(11+14.2+13.55)
= 38.8

= 1.0
Modification factor for span less than 7m
= As,prov/As,req
Modification factor for steel area provided = 449/449
= 1.0 1.5

= (l/d)allowable
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio = 38.8x1.0x1.0
= 38.8

= (l/d)actual
Actual span-effective depth = 5000/170
= 29.4 (l/d)allowable
(OK)

8.0 CRACKING

h = 200mm < 200mm

Main bar, = 600mm > 400mm

Smax,slabs = 3h or 400mm
(OK)
Max. bar spacing = 325mm Smax,slab = 400mm

Secondary bar, = 700mm > 450mm

Smax,slabs = 3.5h or 450mm
(OK)
Max. bar spacing = 350mm Smax,slab = 450mm

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9.0 DETAILING

7500

01

02 5000

Reinforcement:
02 01: H10 175
01
02: H10 325