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    Administrative Stuff: Ackert 120 (Note Change)

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    Nathan King
    The document provides information about an upcoming quiz and review session on Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Ampere's law, and Maxwell's equations. It also contains several multiple choice questions testing understanding of these electromagnetic concepts. Key ideas discussed include using Ampere's law to compute magnetic fields, Faraday's law to compute induced voltages and currents, and how Maxwell extended Ampere's law to account for displacement current and produce electromagnetic waves as a solution to his full set of equations in empty space.

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    Administrative Stuff: Ackert 120 (Note Change)

    Uploaded by

    Nathan King
    62 views21 pages
    The document provides information about an upcoming quiz and review session on Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Ampere's law, and Maxwell's equations. It also contains several multiple choice questions testing understanding of these electromagnetic concepts. Key ideas discussed include using Ampere's law to compute magnetic fields, Faraday's law to compute induced voltages and currents, and how Maxwell extended Ampere's law to account for displacement current and produce electromagnetic waves as a solution to his full set of equations in empty space.

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    Lecture 21.pdf

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    The document provides information about an upcoming quiz and review session on Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Ampere's law, and Maxwell's equations. It also contains several multiple choice questions testing understanding of these electromagnetic concepts. Key ideas discussed include using Ampere's law to compute magnetic fields, Faraday's law to compute induced voltages and currents, and how Maxwell extended Ampere's law to account for displacement current and produce electromagnetic waves as a solution to his full set of equations in empty space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views21 pages

    Administrative Stuff: Ackert 120 (Note Change)

    Uploaded by

    Nathan King
    The document provides information about an upcoming quiz and review session on Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Ampere's law, and Maxwell's equations. It also contains several multiple choice questions testing understanding of these electromagnetic concepts. Key ideas discussed include using Ampere's law to compute magnetic fields, Faraday's law to compute induced voltages and currents, and how Maxwell extended Ampere's law to account for displacement current and produce electromagnetic waves as a solution to his full set of equations in empty space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
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    Administrative Stuff

    Quiz 4 Is Friday, November 4, 4:30-5:45, CW101-102103.


    The laws: Biot-Savart, Ampere, Faraday, Lenz; plus
    displacement current and Maxwells equations.
    Review will be Wednesday evening, November 2, 7:30
    PM, ACKERT 120 (NOTE CHANGE).
    A progress report consisting of your range of possible
    points in various categories has been posted.

    Bar Exam--1
    Use this rule to compute magnetic fields for cases when
    currents are arranged in cylindrically symmetric
    situations.
    A. Biot-Savart Law.
    B. Lenzs Law.
    C. Faradays Law.
    D. Amperes law.

    Bar Exam--2
    Use this rule to compute voltages and currents induced
    by a changing magnetic flux.
    A. Biot-Savart Law.
    B. Lenzs Law.
    C. Faradays Law.
    D. Amperes law.

    Bar Exam--3
    A single-turn coil has insufficient symmetry to deploy
    Amperes law. Youre stuck with using?
    A. Biot-Savart Law.
    B. Lenzs Law.
    C. Faradays Law.
    D. Amperes law.

    Bar Exam--4
    This rule describes a way to generate electric fields in
    space without directly using electric charge.
    A. Biot-Savart Law.
    B. Lenzs Law.
    C. Faradays Law.
    D. Amperes law.

    Bar Exam--5
    This rule lets you pick out the correct direction that
    induced currents flow.
    A. Biot-Savart Law.
    B. Lenzs Law.
    C. Faradays Law.
    D. Amperes law.

    Faradays Law is a Big Deal


    This voltage difference can drive currents just like a
    battery, but we dont need the battery.
    We just need some way to change magnetic flux through
    a coil.
    Something like this:

    Voltage vs. Time in Rotating coil

    Define n to be a unit vector normal to the loop, such that


    FB=NABn=BNAcosq, where q is the angle between B and
    n, A is the area of the loop, and N is the number of turns..
    Then FB=BNAcosqt, and E=-dFB/dt=wBNAsinq.
    The voltage varies sinusoidally; it is AC, or alternating
    current.

    Loads
    Suppose a small diesel powered generator is used to
    drive the resistive load in a household circuit. Which
    total load resistance will require the most mechanical
    power from the diesel engine in the generator?
    A. 1 .
    B. 10 .
    C. 100 .
    D. 1000 .

    Pick-up coils

    Bury a coil in the road near a traffic light.


    The earths magnetic field will result in flux through the
    coil.
    The iron elements in a cars frame and engine can
    amplify and distort the field, changing the flux in the coil.
    The induced current can then trip a switch, and viola!
    The light changes.

    Guitar String Pickups

    As strings move across coils that wrap around


    permanent magnets, flux changes are produced in the
    coils.
    Flux change voltage changeelectrical signal.
    The flux changes at the rate the string vibrates.

    Pick-up lines

    A magnetic pickup on an electric guitar will work best


    with?
    A. Nylon strings.
    B. Aluminum strings.
    C. Copper strings.
    D. Steel strings.

    Back EMF

    A motor uses current supplied by an external power


    source .
    But the rotating coil intercepts a changing magnetic flux
    as the coil turns.
    Motors always act like generators.
    This produces a voltage that, by Lenzs law, opposes the
    change in flux. This back EMF reduces the maximum
    power that the motor can deliver.

    A loaded generator
    Suppose we connect the generator to a resistive load
    with Z=R.
    A current will be produced I=(wBNA/R)sinq, which in turn
    implies that electric power will be produced at a rate
    PE=VI= [(wBNA)2/R]sin2q.
    But the current will result in the coil developing a
    magnetic dipole moment mB= A(wBNA/R)sinq, which will
    generate a torque t=mBB= A(wBNA/R)Bsin2q.
    This will require a mechanical power PM=wt=
    [(wBNA)2/R]sin2q. Energy is conserved!

    Producing E-fields without charge


    Use the full version of Faradays Law

    d B
    d

    dA
    E E d dt dt B
    Take a closed circular path outside an solenoid driven
    with an AC current I=I0coswt:
    E=2prE=-dFB/dt
    FB=nm0pR2I0coswt.
    E=nm0pR2I0wsinwt/(2pr).
    A changing B-field is another way to produce an E-field!

    Magnetic Field in a Capacitor Gap

    Suppose current moved through a capacitor.


    Physically this happens by the opposite plates of the
    capacitor charging and discharging.
    In the gap of the capacitor, no physical current flows.
    Applying Amperes law in the gap would then imply no
    magnetic fields exists in this region, but experiment
    shows otherwise.

    Displacement Current
    Maxwell patched up Amperes law to fix this problem,
    adding a new term to the physical current called the
    displacement current: ID=e0dFE/dt.
    FE is the flux of the electric field through the open
    surface bounded by the Amperian loop.
    A changing FE can induce a magnetic field in a fashion
    quite similar to the way that a changing FB can induce
    an electric field.

    Producing B-fields without currents


    Suppose the charge on the capacitor plate varies as
    Q=Q0sinwt. Then:
    E=(Q0/(Ae0))sinwt.
    FE=(Q0A)/(Ae0)sinwt=(Q0/e0)sinwt
    e0dFE/dt = wQ0e0coswt/e0=wQ0coswt
    But note that wQ0coswt is exactly the physical current
    I=dQ/dt.
    So Amperes law implies B=I/2pr in the gap and
    outside the gap. The B-field is continuous across the
    capacitor.

    Maxwells Equations:
    The da Vinci Code of Electromagnetism

    Solution to ME in Free Space:


    Under certain conditions, these functions for E and B
    solve Maxwells Equation for the case q=I=0 (i.e., in
    empty space):
    E=E0sin(kz-wt)i.
    B=(E0/c)sin(kz-wt)j.

    These are electromagnetic waves, propagating


    oscillation, moving in the z direction at a speed v=w/k=c,
    where c is the speed of light.
    And indeed, the rest of the semester will take up the
    properties of these solution, a part of electromagnetism
    called optics.

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