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    Speed of Sound Pressure

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    Alessandro Serafini
    The speed of sound in air depends solely on temperature and not on air pressure. The speed of sound increases with rising temperature according to a specific formula. At 0°C, the speed of sound is 331.3 m/s, and at 20°C it is 343 m/s. The speed of sound can be easily calculated at any temperature using a formula that relates speed to temperature.

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    Speed of Sound Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Alessandro Serafini
    25 views1 page
    The speed of sound in air depends solely on temperature and not on air pressure. The speed of sound increases with rising temperature according to a specific formula. At 0°C, the speed of sound is 331.3 m/s, and at 20°C it is 343 m/s. The speed of sound can be easily calculated at any temperature using a formula that relates speed to temperature.

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    The speed of sound in air depends solely on temperature and not on air pressure. The speed of sound increases with rising temperature according to a specific formula. At 0°C, the speed of sound is 331.3 m/s, and at 20°C it is 343 m/s. The speed of sound can be easily calculated at any temperature using a formula that relates speed to temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views1 page

    Speed of Sound Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Alessandro Serafini
    The speed of sound in air depends solely on temperature and not on air pressure. The speed of sound increases with rising temperature according to a specific formula. At 0°C, the speed of sound is 331.3 m/s, and at 20°C it is 343 m/s. The speed of sound can be easily calculated at any temperature using a formula that relates speed to temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Speed of sound - temperature matters, not air pressure

    Die Schallgeschwindigkeit, die Temperatur ... und nicht der Luftdruck http://www.sengpielaudio.com/DieSchallgeschwindigkeitLuftdruck.pdf

    The expression for the speed of sound c0 in air is:


    c0 =
    UdK Berlin
    Sengpiel
    12.96
    Tutorium

    p0

    Eq. 1

    c0 = speed of sound in air at 0C = 331 m/s


    Speed of sound at 20C (68F) is c20 = 343 m/s
    p0 = atmospheric air pressure 101,325 Pa (standard) Specific acoustic impedance at 20C is Z20 = 413 N s /m3
    0 = density of air at 0C: 1.293 kg/m3 = Z0 / c0
    Air density at 20C is 20 = 1.204 kg/m3
    = lower-case Greek letter "rho"
    Specific acoustic impedance at 0C is Z0 = 428 N s /m3
    = adiabatic index of air at 0C: 1.402 = cp / cv = ratio of the specific warmth
    = lower-case Greek letter "kappa"
    Sound resistance = Specific acoustic impedance Z = c
    Calculating from these values, the speed of sound c0 in air at 0C:

    c0

    p0

    101325
    1,402 331.4 m/s
    1,2935

    Eq. 2

    The last accepted measure shows the value 331.3 m/s.

    And from this one gets the speed of sound:


    c = c0 1 in m/s

    Eq. 3

    = coefficient of expansion 1 / 273.15 = 3.661 103 in 1 / C


    273.15C (Celsius) = absolute zero = 0 K (Kelvin), all molecules are motionless.
    = temperature in C = lower-case Greek letter "theta"
    c0 = speed of sound in air at 0C
    The speed of sound c20 in air of 20C is:
    c20 = 343 m/s
    This value of c is usually used in formulas.
    This following formula has sufficient accuracy for sound engineers - the speed of sound in air (m/s) is a
    function of the temperature in C:
    c = 331.3 + 0,6
    Eq. 4 You can get the speed of sound easily using this formula.
    With Eq. 3 it is clear that the speed of sound increases with rising temperature:

    c ~

    Eq. 5

    Note: The speed of sound c in air is only dependent on the temperature . It is completely independent
    of the air pressure p.
    Reason: The air pressure and the air density are proportional to each other at the same temperature.
    This means in Eq. 1: The ratio p0 / 0 is always constant.
    The speed of sound in air depends on the density of air and the density of air depends on the temperature.
    Therefore the speed of sound is the same on a mountain peak as it is at sea level, provided that the
    temperature is the same.
    Questions:
    1. What is the speed of sound c15 at 15C?
    2. What is the speed of sound c25 at 25C?
    3. At 20C, a 1 m sound path gives a time-of-arrival difference of t = 2.915 ms, approximately 3 ms. Thus,
    for a 10 m path it will be 29.15 ms. Which time-of-arrival differences result for 10 meters of sound path if the
    temperature is 15C, and 25C?
    A request: If you find in technical books the speed of sound in air indicated as a function of temperature then
    disregard or cross out any additional misleading reference to it being also a function of air pressure. Any
    qualification of the speed of sound being "at sea level" is also irrelevant.
    A frequent question is "What is the speed of sound?" The reply should be "At what temperature?"
    Calculation: Speed of sound in air - temperature http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-speedsound.htm

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