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    1 Derivatives

    Uploaded by

    Paolo Naguit
    DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS HANDOUTS

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1 Derivatives

    Uploaded by

    Paolo Naguit
    20 views27 pages
    DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS HANDOUTS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS HANDOUTS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views27 pages

    1 Derivatives

    Uploaded by

    Paolo Naguit
    DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS HANDOUTS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Basic Differentiation Rules

    d
    1.
    c 0
    dx

    c is a constant

    Ex. f ( x) 5
    f ( x) 0

    d n
    x nx n1
    2.
    dx

    Ex. f ( x) x 7
    f ( x) 7 x 6

    n is a real number

    Basic Differentiation Rules


    d
    d
    3.
    cf ( x) c f ( x)
    dx
    dx

    Ex. f ( x) 3x

    c is a constant

    f ( x) 3 8 x7 24 x7

    d
    d
    d
    f x g x f ( x) g ( x)
    4.
    dx
    dx
    dx

    Ex. f ( x) 7 x12
    f ( x) 0 12 x11 12 x11

    More Differentiation Rules


    5. Product Rule
    d
    d
    d
    f x g x f ( x) g ( x) g ( x) f ( x)
    dx
    dx
    dx

    1 x

    2 x 5 21x

    3
    7
    2
    Ex. f ( x) x 2 x 5 3x 8x 1

    f ( x) 3x 2 2 3x7 8x 2
    Derivative
    of the first
    function

    16 x

    Derivative of
    the second
    function

    9
    7
    6
    4
    2

    f ( x) 30 x 48x 105x 40 x 45x 80 x 2

    More Differentiation Rules


    6. Quotient Rule
    d
    d
    g ( x) f ( x) f ( x) g ( x)

    f
    x

    d
    dx
    dx

    2
    dx g ( x)
    g
    (
    x
    )

    Sometimes remembered as:


    d hi lo d hi hi d lo

    dx lo
    lo lo

    More Differentiation Rules


    6. Quotient Rule (cont.)
    3x 5
    Ex. f ( x) 2
    x 2
    Derivative of
    the numerator

    f ( x)

    Derivative of
    the denominator

    3 x 2 2 2 x 3x 5

    3x 2 10 x 6

    Lets Try this!

    Seatwork

    Chain rule
    When gear A makes x turns, gear B makes u turns and gear C makes y turns.,

    u turns 3 times as fast as x


    y turns as fast as u
    dy 1

    du 2

    du
    3
    dx

    So y turns 3/2
    as fast as x

    dy dy du

    dx du dx

    Rates are multiplied

    Chain Rule
    The Chain Rule leads to

    The General Power Rule:

    If h( x) f ( x)

    n, real then

    h( x) n f ( x)

    n1

    f ( x)

    Ex. f ( x) 3x 4 x 3x 4 x
    2

    1
    2

    f ( x) 3 x 4 x
    2
    3x 2

    3x 2 4 x

    1 2

    12

    6x 4

    The Chain Rule for composite


    functions
    If y = f(u) and u = g(x) then y = f(g(x)) and

    dy dy du

    dx du dx

    multiply rates

    dy d
    f ( g ( x) f ( g ( x)) g ( x)
    dx dx
    multiply rates

    Outside/Inside method of chain rule


    outside example
    d
    3x 2 x 1
    dx

    1
    3

    f ( g ( x)) g ( x)

    inside

    d 2
    3x x 1
    dx

    derivative
    of inside

    derivative
    of outside
    wrt inside

    1
    3

    1
    3x 2 x 1
    3

    2
    3

    6 x 1

    6x 1

    3 3x 2 x 1

    2
    3

    Find the derivative (solutions to


    follow)
    1) f ( x) (3x 5 x 2 )7

    3) f (t )

    7
    (2t 3)2

    2) f ( x) 3 ( x 2 1)2

    1) f ( x) (3x 5 x 2 )7
    u 3x 5 x 2
    y u7

    Solutions

    du
    3 10 x
    dx

    dy
    7u 6
    du

    2) f ( x) 3 ( x 2 1)2

    u x2 1
    y

    2
    u3

    dy 2
    u
    dx 3

    du
    2x
    dx

    dy 2
    u
    du 3

    dy dy du

    dx du dx
    dy
    7u 6 (3 10 x)
    dx
    dy
    7(3x 2 x 2 )6 (3 10 x)
    dx

    1
    3

    1
    3

    (2 x)

    dy 2 2
    ( x 1)
    dx 3

    1
    3

    (2 x)
    dy
    4x

    1
    dx
    3( x 2 1) 3

    Solutions
    3) f (t )

    7
    (2t 3)2

    7(2t 3)2

    du
    2
    dx
    dy
    y 7u 2
    14u 3
    du

    u 2t 3

    dy dy du

    dx du dx
    dy
    14u 3 2
    dx

    dy
    28
    3
    14(2t 3) (2)
    dx
    (2t 3)3

    Chain Rule Example


    Ex. y u

    , u 7 x 3x
    dy dy du

    dx du dx
    52

    5 32
    u 56 x7 6 x
    Sub in for u
    2
    32
    5
    8
    2
    7 x 3x
    56 x7 6 x
    2

    140 x

    15 x 7 x 3x
    8

    32

    Find the dy/dx of each of the ff. using


    the chain rule and general power rule

    More derivatives with the chain rule 1


    2
    2 2
    2
    2
    f
    (
    x
    )

    x
    1

    x
    f ( x) x
    1 x

    product

    f ( x) x 2

    f ( x) x 2
    f ( x)

    f ( x)

    x3

    1 x

    x3

    1
    1 x2
    2
    2

    1
    2

    d
    1 x2
    dx

    1
    2

    1 x

    1
    x2 2

    1 x
    1
    2

    d
    x2
    dx

    ( 2 x) 1 x 2

    1
    2

    1
    2 2

    f ( x )

    1
    2

    2x

    Simplify terms

    2x

    1
    x2 2

    1 2 x 1

    1 x

    1
    x2 2

    1
    2

    Combine with
    common denominator

    x3 (1 x 2 )2 x
    1
    x2 2

    3 x3 2 x
    1
    x2 2

    x3 2 x 2 x3
    1
    x2 2

    Chain Rule Example


    2
    x

    Ex. G ( x)

    3x 5

    2 x 1 3x 5 2 2 x 1 3
    G( x) 7

    2

    3
    x


    3x 5

    2x 1
    G( x) 7

    3x 5

    13

    3x 5

    91 2 x 1

    3x 5

    Higher Derivatives
    The second derivative of a function f is the derivative
    of the derivative of f at a point x in the domain of the
    first derivative.
    Derivative
    Second
    Third

    Fourth
    nth

    Notations

    d2y
    dx 2

    d3y
    dx3

    (4)

    d4y
    dx 4

    dny
    dx n

    f
    f

    Copyright 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

    Find then

    rd
    3

    derivative

    Copyright 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

    Copyright 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

    Copyright 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

    Copyright 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

    Example of Higher Derivatives


    Given f ( x) 3x5 2 x3 14 find f ( x).

    f ( x) 15x4 6 x 2

    f ( x) 60 x 12 x
    3

    f ( x) 180 x 2 12

    Example of Higher Derivatives


    2x 1
    Given f ( x)
    find f (2).
    3x 2

    f ( x)

    2 3x 2 3 2 x 1

    3x 2

    f ( x) 14 3x 2

    f (2)

    42

    3(2) 2

    3x 2

    42

    3x 2

    42 21
    3
    32
    4

    7 3x 2

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