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    Notebook 11 Final

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    This document describes the key components of an x-ray tube. The tube contains a filament circuit that supplies power to heat the filament, producing thermionic emission of electrons. These electrons are focused by electromagnets through a glass or metal envelope maintained at high vacuum towards a rotating tungsten anode target. Electrons hitting the target produce x-rays, which exit through windows to image the patient. Key parts include the filament, focusing cup, rotating anode assembly, and envelope, which together generate x-rays from thermionic emission and target impact of electrons accelerated across the high voltage potential between cathode and anode.

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    Notebook 11 Final

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    29 views3 pages
    This document describes the key components of an x-ray tube. The tube contains a filament circuit that supplies power to heat the filament, producing thermionic emission of electrons. These electrons are focused by electromagnets through a glass or metal envelope maintained at high vacuum towards a rotating tungsten anode target. Electrons hitting the target produce x-rays, which exit through windows to image the patient. Key parts include the filament, focusing cup, rotating anode assembly, and envelope, which together generate x-rays from thermionic emission and target impact of electrons accelerated across the high voltage potential between cathode and anode.

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    This document describes the key components of an x-ray tube. The tube contains a filament circuit that supplies power to heat the filament, producing thermionic emission of electrons. These electrons are focused by electromagnets through a glass or metal envelope maintained at high vacuum towards a rotating tungsten anode target. Electrons hitting the target produce x-rays, which exit through windows to image the patient. Key parts include the filament, focusing cup, rotating anode assembly, and envelope, which together generate x-rays from thermionic emission and target impact of electrons accelerated across the high voltage potential between cathode and anode.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Notebook 11 Final

    Uploaded by

    api-339050167
    This document describes the key components of an x-ray tube. The tube contains a filament circuit that supplies power to heat the filament, producing thermionic emission of electrons. These electrons are focused by electromagnets through a glass or metal envelope maintained at high vacuum towards a rotating tungsten anode target. Electrons hitting the target produce x-rays, which exit through windows to image the patient. Key parts include the filament, focusing cup, rotating anode assembly, and envelope, which together generate x-rays from thermionic emission and target impact of electrons accelerated across the high voltage potential between cathode and anode.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Anode X-ray Tube

    1. Filament Circuit
    2. Envelope
    3. Tungsten Anode
    4. Bearing
    5. Stator Electromagnets
    6. Armature
    7. Rotating Portion
    8. Molybdenum neck and base
    9. Electron Beam
    10. Filament
    11. Thermionic Emission
    12. Focusing Cup
    13. Actual focal spot size (target)
    14. Effective focal spot
    15. Glass/ metal housing
    16. Leftover electrons
    1. Filament Circuit- supplies the filament of the x ray tube with the acceptable modified
    power. It also modifies the incoming line power to produce the thermionic emission,
    which produces electrons from the filament wire of the X-ray tube.

    2. Envelope- is composed of the entire cathode and anode assembly. The envelope can be
    made with a glass or metal structure. The Pyrex or metal used allows a vacuum to be
    more efficient in allowing no air to enter. Envelope keeps air out which if allowed in
    would which allows electrons to not be hindered the envelope keeps the air out which if
    entering envelope would hinder electron movement. The Oil surrounds the envelope to
    absorb the heat that dissipates.
    3. Tungsten Anode- positive side and is the target for the electrons from the cathode.
    4. Bearing- rotating of the anode on X-ray tube
    5. Stator Electromagnets- Induction-motor electromagnets that turn the anode. The
    electromagnetic affect causes the rotor to turn allowing isolating of the stator coils from
    the high voltage exposure to be isolated.
    6. Armature- a coil of wire that acts as a conductor
    7. Rotating portion- this part of the anode rotates (turns) during exposure so heating
    is displaced.
    1|Page Notebook 11

    8. Molybdenum neck and base- base of the focal track target


    9. Electron Beam- Is greater on Cathode side than anode side.
    10. Filament- is a small coil of thin thoriated tungsten wire. The function of the
    filament is to provide sufficient emission of current
    11. Thermionic Emission- electrons from a heated surface are emitted. Boiling
    electrons off the filament in preparation for x ray production.
    12. Focusing cup- keep electrons close together
    13. Actual Focal spot size- is actual area on target where x-rays are emitted
    14. Effective focal spot size- is beam directed towards patient
    15. Glass/metal housing- Provide a vacuum
    16. Leftover electrons- is DC current that is reused
    X-ray Tube Parts
    In the x-ray tube, electric circuit, the current flows from the negative side (cathode of the
    circuit to the positive side. The purpose of cathode is the production of the thermionic
    cloud and production of a high voltage current. The electrons from the cathode and leave
    towards the anode are focused in a central beam. These electrons end up hitting the
    anode (positive) that is the target. Cathode consists of the filament, focusing cup and
    wiring. Filament is a tightly wound coil of wire. When the current passes through the
    filament it heats up that electrons move. The focusing cup is composed of molybdenum
    and is negatively charged. This cup forces the electrons to converge rather than separate
    creating excitement in the electrons. The anode (target) is on the positive end of the X-ray
    tube and consists of the anode, stator, and the rotor. The anode is the primary conductor
    of heat that exits the tube and plays a vital role in the high voltage circuit. The envelope
    contains the cathode and anode. An envelope can be made of Pyrex or metal both, which
    contain electron. A vacuum is important with an envelope because all gases are removed
    from the envelope that permits electrons to flow from the cathode to anode. There is a
    window that is apart of the envelope that allows the primary beam to exit for production
    of an x-ray. Housing protects the anode assembly along and is a protective barrier for
    leaks or scatter radiation. X-ray beam gives us the x-ray image after it has hit the anode
    target. From here we get an x-ray.
    2|Page Notebook 11

    Tungsten- is used because of its high melting point of (3,370 Celsius) and because its
    difficult to vaporize (turn into gas) Melting point of tungsten is 3170c. This high melting
    point allows the filament to operate at higher than normal required for an x-ray tube and
    x- ray production.
    Flow of electricity
    The electrons enter from the cathode (filament) and go to the Anode (target). The
    filament heats up on the cathode but because the wire is so thin and small when the
    current flows through, the electrons break free causing thermionic emission. The filament
    cup is a negative charge, which facilitates keeping the electrons flowing in a channel
    close together. The electron beam is greater on cathode side but hits the Anode (actual
    focal spot size. From here the x-ray beam (photons) hit the effective focal spot (patient)
    producing an x-ray. The electrons that do not produce x-rays will return to the original
    circuit and some will turn into heat.

    References:
    Carlton, R. R., & Adler, A. M. (2013). Principles of radiographic imaging: An art and a
    science. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar/Cengage Learning.

    3|Page Notebook 11

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