The Boy Said That Was Tired. He: in This Example, The Pronoun "He" Is Refer-Ring Back To The Noun (Antecedent) "Boy."

WHAT IS A PRONOUN?
A pronoun is a word that refers to or takes the place of a noun. The noun being referred to is
called the antecedent. The identity of the pronoun is made clear by the antecedent. For example:
The boy said that he was tired.

Antecedent
In this example, the pronoun he is referring back to the noun (antecedent) boy.
Pronoun
There are many different types of pronouns: personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, and reciprocal.
Personal Pronouns are pronouns that refer to a specific person or thing in a sentence and can be divided into two groups: nominative and objective.
Nominative personal pronouns can act as the subject of a sentence (I, you, he, she, it, we,
they). For example:
I went to the store after work.
You should not go to class if you are sick.
Objective personal pronouns, on the other hand, act as objects of a sentence (me, you, him,
her, it, us, them). For example:
Alex came out with Joe and me.
Melissa really likes him.
Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that show ownership; in other words,

something belongs to someone else (my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers,
its, our/ours, their/theirs). For example:
That book is mine.
Their shoes are under the bed.
Reflexive Pronouns are pronouns that are used to show that the subject of
the sentence is receiving the action of the verb (myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, themselves). For example:
She can handle the situation herself.
We can write the paper ourselves.
Personal
(Nominative)
Personal
(Objective)
Possessive
Reflexive
me
my/mine
myself
you
you
your/yours
yourself
he
him
his
himself
she
her
her/hers
herself
it
it
its
itself
we
us
our/ours
ourselves
they
them
their/theirs
themselves
Intensive Pronouns are pronouns that are used only to place emphasis on the
subject and are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Note: These
pronouns look the same as reflexive pronouns, but they act differently in the
sentence and are always placed next to the subject that they are emphasizing (myself, yourself,
himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves). For example:
You yourself must go to the police station.

*Here, the pronoun yourself is used only to place emphasis on the subject you and does not change the meaning of the sentence.
Demonstrative Pronouns are pronouns that are used to identify nouns and
answer the question which one? (this, that, these, those) For example:
These are the books that John was talking about.

*Here, the pronoun these identifies which books John was talking about.
Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns that are used only in reference to a

question (who, what, which, whom, whose). For example:
Which one of these pens is yours?

Who is that girl?
Relative Pronouns are pronouns that are used to connect clarifying information to nouns or other pronouns within a sentence (who, that, which,
whom, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever).
Who vs. Whom

Who is used when referring to a subject.
Who went to the store after work?
Who sings this song?
Whom is used when referring to an object.

With whom did Alex go out?
The letter should be addressed to whom?
Note: Refer back to the Personal Pronouns section on page 1 of this skills page. Who works like a nominative pronoun, while whom works like an objective pronoun.
Who vs. That

Who is used to refer to people or animals with names.
Liz, who wrote the review, got in trouble.
That is used to refer to things.

The paper that I wrote last night vanished.
That vs. Which

That is used in essential clauses (clauses necessary for understanding the subject of a sentence).
The pizza parlor that is down the street from the college is great.
*The subject is unclear without the additional information. Which pizza parlor? The one that is down the street from the college.
Which is used in nonessential clauses (clauses unnecessary for understanding the subject of a sentence).
My moms jewelry was stolen, which upset her very much.

*The subject is clear without the additional information.
Note: For more information on essential and nonessential clauses, see the skills page on Independent and Dependent
Clauses.
Indefinite Pronouns are pronouns that are used in reference to a person

or thing that is not specific or not known. Indefinite pronouns are also
used to identify a general group of people or things (i.e. everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody,
somebody, most, all, each every, some, none, one, few, both, many, several). For example:
Everybody has to take the Writing Proficiency Examination in order to graduate.

All of the seniors were excited for graduation.
Note: Singular indefinite pronouns must always take singular verbs. For more information on indefinite pronouns, see
the skills page on Pronoun Antecedent Agreement.
Reciprocal Pronouns are pronouns that are used to refer to a mutual

set of people (each other, each others, one another, one anothers).
For example:
We need to help one another survive.

They had remembered each others phone numbers.
Note: It is also important to be clear when using pronouns. For example: He really should not do that.
(Who is he? What is that?)
For more information, please refer to the skills page on Pronoun Antecedent Agreement.
Last modified 8/11/11

The Boy Said That Was Tired. He: in This Example, The Pronoun "He" Is Refer-Ring Back To The Noun (Antecedent) "Boy."

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WHAT IS A PRONOUN?

The boy said that he was tired.

I went to the store after work.

You should not go to class if you are sick.

Alex came out with Joe and me.

Melissa really likes him.

Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that show ownership; in other words,

That book is mine.

Their shoes are under the bed.

She can handle the situation herself.

We can write the paper ourselves.

You yourself must go to the police station.

These are the books that John was talking about.

Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns that are used only in reference to a

Which one of these pens is yours?

Who vs. Whom

Whom is used when referring to an object.

Who vs. That

That is used to refer to things.

That vs. Which

My moms jewelry was stolen, which upset her very much.

Indefinite Pronouns are pronouns that are used in reference to a person

Everybody has to take the Writing Proficiency Examination in order to graduate.

Reciprocal Pronouns are pronouns that are used to refer to a mutual

We need to help one another survive.

Last modified 8/11/11

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