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01 PDF
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B GIAO THNG VN TI
CC NG ST VIT NAM
Thng 2/2013
C quan Hp tc Quc t Nht Bn (JICA)
Cng ty TNHH T vn Giao thng Quc t Nht Bn
Cng ty TNHH ng st in lc Keihan
Vin Nghin cu Nomura
OS
JR()
13-003
Mc lc
Danh mc cc t vit tt
Chng 1 Tng Quan v D n 1-1
1.1 Bi cnh Th H Ni1-1
1.2 Quy hoch pht trin th v giao thng Thnh ph H Ni1-8
1.3 S cn thit ca m hnh hp tc cng-t (PPP) 1-20
1.4 Khuynh hng pht trin th v bt ng sn dc tuyn 1-25
1.5 Tnh cn thit thc hin d n 1-27
1.6 Cch thc tng hp v tm hiu h thng php lut v tiu chun
lin quan 1-31
Chng 2 D Bo Nhu Cu Giao Thng 2-1
2.1 Xy dng m hnh d bo nhu cu2-1
2.2 Thu thp d liu c bn 2-1
2.3 Phn tch d liu c bn 2-3
2.4 Tin thc hin d bo nhu cu 2-14
2.5 Kt qu d bo nhu cu 2-19
2.6 nhy ca gi v v doanh thu t v 2-23
Chng 3 Lp Quy Hoch D n 3-1
3.1 Quy hoch tuyn ng3-1
3.2 Thit b u my toa xe 3-32
3.3 K hoch vn hnh 3-44
3.4 K hoch xy dng cng trnh 3-57
3.5 Trung tm bo dng3-102
3.6 Trm bin in, mng li cp in v trang thit b in3-111
3.7 Thit b thng tin tn hiu3-126
3.8 K hoch thit b AFC3-140
3.9 Qung trng ga 3-144
3.10 Gii thch thut ng v cc hng mc nghin cu khc3-150
3.11 iu kin quan trng khi lp k hoch dnh cho ga s 10,
Depot v ga s 83-180
Chng 4 K Hoch Thc Hin D n 4-1
4.1 K hoch mua sm my mc v nguyn vt liu 4-1
4.2 D ton chi ph d n4-4
4.3 Phng php gim gnh nng n cng cho Chnh ph Vit Nam 4-14
4.4 K hoch xy dng 4-28
Danh mc cc t vit tt
ADB
ATP
H thng T ng Phng h on tu
BOT
BT
BTO
CBTC
CTC
H thng iu Tp trung
D/E ratio
T l N/Vn
DF/R
D tho Bo co Cui k
EIA
nh gi Tc ng Mi trng
EIRR
T l Hon vn Kinh t Ni b
FIRR
T l Hon vn Ti chnh Ni b
FKE
F/R
Bo co Cui k
FS
Nghin cu Kh thi
GDP
HAIDEP
HPC
HRB
ICOCA
IC/R
Bo co u k
IEE
nh gi Mi trng Ban u
IT/R
Bo co Gia k
JARTS
JICA
KEIHAN
MARD
MOC
B Xy dng
MOF
B Ti chnh
MOFA
B Ngoi giao
MOIT
B Cng thng
MOJ
B T php
MONRE
MOPS
B Cng an
MPI
B K hoch v u t
MOST
MOT
B Giao thng Vn ti
NFC
NRI
NPV
Gi tr Hin ti Thun
ODA
PPP
Hp tc Cng - t
RAP
K hoch Hnh ng Ti nh c
ROE
ROI
T l Hon vn u t
RPF
SUICA
TRICC
VNR
VNRA
1-1
1-2
1-3
n v
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
USD
508,1
823,5
1087,2
977,0
1225,3
USD
651,8
1088,4
1405,2
1159,0
1330,2
8,3
11,7
13,3
14,7
16,4
1,1
1,1
1,2
1,1
1,2
7,2
14,0
14,7
22,8
26,2
Triu
ng
Triu
ng
Triu
Vn u t x hi
ng
Ngun: Nin gim Thng k nm 2010
1-4
t 11 triu ngi (nm 2000) n 403 triu ngi (nm 2009). Th phn vn ti phc hi ln ti
10%, nhng so vi cc thnh ph ln trong ng Nam , t l ny vn nm mc thp.
Ngun: Vin Nghin cu Chnh sch Giao thng, Hi tho ng st Tokyo, 21/3/2012
Hnh 1.1.8. Th phn vn ti cc thnh ph ln trong khu vc Chu
Ti H Ni, tc c gii ha ang tng ln nhanh chng, s lng xe t ng k t nm
2000 n nm 2010 tng ln gp i, t 350 nghn chic. S lng xe my cng t 4,04 triu
chic, t 670 chic trn 1000 ngi.
1-6
1-7
(pha Ty ca sng Nhu v pha Bc ca sng Hng) l khu vc dnh cho pht trin th.
H Ni s c 5 khu th v tinh l Ha Lc, Sn Ty, Xun Mai, Ph Xuyn, Sc Sn v cc
khu ny s cng vi khu trung tm c chia ra thnh cc khu chc nng phc v cho cc mc
ch sinh hot, o to, nng nghip v kinh doanh dch v. Vo nm 2030, nm khu th v
tinh ny s c tng dn s khong 1,3 1,4 triu ngi v din tch khong 35.200 ha.
Trong s 5 th v tinh, Ha Lc c quy hoch tr thnh trung tm khoa hc, k thut,
gio dc v o to. Ngoi nhng cng trnh c bn nh Khu i hc Quc gia, khu Cng ngh
cao Ha Lc, trong tng lai ang d kin xy dng khu ngh dng ng M, Lng Vn ha Du lch cc Dn tc Vit Nam. Theo k hoch pht trin nu trn, d kin dn s khu vc ny n
nm 2030 l 600 ngn ngi, dn s mc tiu l 750 ngn ngi, din tch t nhin l 20.113ha,
mt s dng t ai l 80-90m2/ngi, din tch khu vc pht trin ln nht l 18.000ha.
(2) ng b dc Tuyn ng st th s 5
im khi u ca Tuyn ng st th s 5 H Ni l khu vc on giao ct gia ng
Hong Hoa Thm v ng Vn Cao, nm trong khu vc xy dng on Tuyn ng st th
s 2. Tuyn ng st s 5 s chy qua ng Vn Cao, ng Liu Giai v giao ct vi Ttuyn
s 3 ti im giao vi ph Kim M. Ti khu vc ny, hin cng hon thnh vic m rng
ng dc tuyn.
Tuyn ng st s chy xung pha Nam ca ng Kim M, chy qua ng Nguyn Ch
Thanh v ng Trn Duy Hng, ti im giao ct vi ng vnh ai 3. Mc d vn cn tn ti
mt phn khong t hp trong khu vc di phn cch trung tm, c s h tng ng b cng
va mi c hon thnh. Ti on giao ct gia Tuyn s 5 vi ng vnh ai 2 v ng vnh
ai 3, ang c quy hoch xy dng mt cng trnh giao ct khc mc. Hn na, theo quy
hoch hin ti, ton b ng vnh ai 2 v ng vnh ai 3 u c quy hoch xy dng kt
cu trn cao.
Ngun: on Nghin cu
Hnh 1.2.3 Khu vc gn nt giao ng Kim M v ng Liu Giai
1-10
Ngun: on Nghin cu
Hnh 1.2.4. S cc tuyn ng dc Tuyn s 5
Tuyn ng st th s 5 s vt qua im giao ct vi ng vnh ai 3, hng v pha
Ty, dc theo i l Thng Long v tin v Ha Lc. Trc y, ti khu vc gip vi khu vc
trung tm H Ni, v khu vc vnh ai xanh, bo v mi trng t nhin, d kin xy dng
ng vnh ai 4 vi chiu di l 60 km, v chiu rng l 120 km vi 6 hoc 8 ln ng.
Ngun: on Nghin cu
Hnh 1.2.5 Di ng cao tc trn i l Thng Long
i l Thng Long l c bt u t ng vnh ai 3, gn khu vc Trung tm Hi ngh Quc
gia, chy thng ti Quc l 21, thuc khu vc Ha Lc. y l ng c hon thnh vi
chiu rng l 140m, bao gm ng cao tc vi 6 ln xe, v ng gom vi 4 ln xe. Hn na,
theo quy hoch xy dng chung, Tuyn s 5 s c xy dng vo khu vc t trn i l ny.
Ngoi d nh ko di i l Thng Long ln n tnh Ha Bnh, hin cn ang d kin xy
dng thm on ng b t Ha Lc ti khu vc Trung H, gn khu vc cu sng , on
quc l 32 pha Ty Ba V, nhng hin vn cha c k hoch c th. V vy, i vi hng tuyn
on t khu vc Ha Lc tr ra, on nghin cu s xem xt tnh thng nht so vi quy hoch
chung v cn nhc n hng tuyn ca Tuyn ng st th s 5.
(3) ng b khu pha Ty H Ni
C 3 ng b chnh khu vc pha Ty H Ni l Quc l 32, i l Thng Long, v Quc l
6. Ton b nhng tuyn ng b ny u xut pht t khu vc trung tm H Ni chy ra bn
ngoi theo hng Ty Bc, hng Ty v Ty Nam. V ti cc khu vc nh Xun Mai, Ha Lc,
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
1-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
% gp
vn t
nhn
60
80
70
100
100
30
100
Khng
c thng
tin
D n
9
Cng ty TNHH Nc
07/1998
Bnh An
10
Nh my in Ph M
12/1999
I
11
Nh my in Formosa
06/2001
Hng Nghip
12 D n nc Th c
13
ng ng dn kh
Nam Cn Sn
07/2001
12/2002
14 Ph M 2.2
10/2002
15 Mng li S-Fone
06/2003
16 Ph M 3
06/2003
17
Cng ty CP thy in
03/2005
Vnh Sn - Sng Hinh
18
Cng ty in Khnh
Ha
19
Cng ty CP Nhit in
11/2005
Ph Li
20
Cng ty CP Nhit in
12/2005
Thc B
21
D n nc Th c
(Hp ng th hai)
12/2005
22
01/2006
23 Cu Ph M
24
Thi hn
% gp
Phn M hnh
Lnh vc
hp ng
vn t
loi hp ng
chnh
(nm)
nhn
D n xy
Khng c
Nc v
dng trn BOT
thng tin
20
nc thi 100
t xanh
D n xy
Khng c
Nng
dng trn BOT
thng tin
20
100
lng
t xanh
D n xy
Thng
Nng
dng trn BOO
tho trc
100
lng
t xanh
tip
D n xy
Khng c
Nc v
dng trn BOT
25
100
thng tin
nc thi
t xanh
D n xy
u thu
Nng
dng trn BOO
cnh
49
lng
t xanh
tranh
D n xy
u thu
Nng
dng trn BOT
cnh
20
100
lng
t xanh
tranh
D n xy
Vin
Doanh Khng c
50
15
dng trn
thng
nghip thng tin
t xanh
D n xy
u thu
Nng
dng trn BOT
cnh
23
100
lng
t xanh
tranh
u thu
Lc b
Nng
cnh
40
(mt phn)
lng
tranh
Lc b
u thu
Nng
(mt phn) cnh
49
lng
tranh
Lc b
u thu
Nng
(mt phn) cnh
1
lng
tranh
Lc b
u thu
Nng
(mt phn) cnh
35
lng
tranh
u thu
D n xy
cnh
Nc v
dng trn BOO
100
tranh
nc thi
t xanh
03/2005
11/2006
D n xy
dng trn
t xanh
D n xy
dng trn
t xanh
D n xy
dng trn
t xanh
Thng
Doanh
tho trc
nghip
tip
15
Vin
thng
50
BOT
Khng c
thng tin
29
Giao
thng
100
BOT
Thng
tho trc
tip
Nng
lng
Khng
c thng
tin
1-22
D n
25
Cng ty Thy in
Thc M
26
Cng ty Nhit in
Ninh Bnh
27
Cng ty Nhit in B
03/2007
Ria
Lc b
04/2007 (mt phn)
Thi hn
% gp
Phn M hnh
Lnh vc
hp ng
vn t
loi hp ng
chnh
(nm)
nhn
u thu
Nng
cnh
20
lng
tranh
u thu
Nng
31,8
cnh
lng
tranh
u thu
Nng
cnh
20
lng
tranh
Thng
Giao
tho trc
70
BOT
50
thng
tip
D n xy
dng trn
t xanh
D n xy
Thng
Cng Container Quc
Giao
29
05/2008 dng trn BOT
tho trc
49
t B Ra-Vng Tu
thng
t xanh
tip
D n xy
Thng
Cng Container Si
Giao
30
01/2008 dng trn BOT
tho trc
44
80
Gn Premier
thng
t xanh
tip
D n xy
Thng
Cng ty CP
Doanh
Vin
31
07/2009 dng trn
tho trc
15
100
GTEL-Mobile
nghip
thng
t xanh
tip
D n xy
Thng
Cng Quc t Ci
Giao
32
02/2009 dng trn BOT
tho trc
49
Mp(CMIT)
thng
t xanh
tip
Ch : Loi PPP mt phn theo cc cng ty nh nc c c phn ha mt phn v bn ra
theo hnh thc u thu cnh tranh thng thng.
Ngun: Bo co nghin cu v cc d n c s h tng thc hin theo m hnh PPP ti Vit
nam do Cng ty c phn hp tc quc t thuc Vin nghin cu kinh t Nht Bn tin
hnh c lp thng 5/2011.
28
Cng ty TNHH Ga
Quc t Si Gn
12/2007
1-23
(2) Chng trnh v Chin lc Quc gia ca Ngn hng Pht trin Chu (ADB)
Chin lc pht trin mi nht ca ADB i vi Vit Nam l Chng trnh v Chin lc
Quc gia c hoch nh vo nm 2006. Trong vn bn ny c ghi rng, ADB nhn thy Chnh
ph Vit Nam ang dn nhn thc tm quan trng ca khu vc t nhn trong tng trng nn kinh
t v kin to vic lm mi. ADB v Chnh ph Vit Nam c th hp tc cng nhau nhm tng
cng kh nng cnh tranh v kin to vic lm th iu quan trng l phi thc y u t t
nhn v khai thc th trng.
Hin H Ni, Tuyn 2A ang c xy dng bng ngun vn ODA ca Trung Quc, Tuyn 3
ca Php ang c h tr xy dng bi cc nh ti tr khc nhau nh ODA, ADB, AFD, EIB.
Ngoi ra, nu so snh vi cc nc ng , nhng hn ch m khu vc t nhn Vit Nam ang
gp phi cn rt ln, bao gm kh nng tip cn vi cc chng trnh huy ng vn, tip cn t,
nhn lc hay giao thng, v.v.
Nhng d n h tr in hnh ca ADB trong lnh vc ny c th nu ra nh D n Nh my
Nhit in Mng Dng, Nh my in Ph M 2.2, Nh my in Ph M 3. Ngoi ra, cc d
n ang c thc hin di hnh thc hp tc cng t v k thut cn c: d n cung cp nc
cho thnh ph Nng, Hu, H Ch Minh, v d n ng ng dn kh Mn.
T nm 2012 n 2020, nhng d n d kin s thc hin di hnh thc PPP gm c: 1) D
n xy dng ng cao tc Bn Lc-Long Thnh, 2) D n Tuyn MRT s 2 H Ch Minh, 3) D
n Xy dng Mng li Tu in ngm H Ni, 4) d n ng ng dn kh Mn, 5) m bo
Vay vn Thng mi cho Nc CHXH Ch ngha Vit Nam thc hin d n Cng ty in lc H
Ni.
(3) H tr pht trin h tng c s v h thng huy ng vn PPP ca C quan Pht trin Quc t
Hoa K (USAID)
n thi im hin nay, USAID v ang thc hin cc h tr nh cc bui hi tho vi
JICA nhm hng ti xy dng c ch PPP Vit Nam (h tr B K hoch u t pht trin
khung php l mi cho m hnh PPP, Phi hp vi Ngn hng Th gii v Ngn hng ADB
cung cp h tr k thut cc cc c quan nh nc Vit Nam pht trin khung php l mi, Lm
nh ti tr cho cc hi tho, cc hot ng ban u thit lp ng thun i vi cc chnh sch v
th ch mi, v.v.). Hn na, vo thng 8 nm 2011, c quan ny tuyn b hp tc h tr thc
hin cc chng trnh pht trin vi JICA; trong , i vi ngun qu do JICA lp nn quy m
khong 0,4~0,5 t USD, c quan ny s bo lnh 50% vn cho cc d n c s dng ngun vn
ny v s cng vi cc nh ti tr khc ng gp vo xy dng h tng c s theo m hnh PPP
nh in, cng ngh thng tin, cp nc, x l nc thi, v.v. Vit Nam.
Ngoi ra, H Ni, hin cng nhn nhiu h tr xy dng ng st t nhiu ngun ti tr
khc nhau bao gm vn vay ODA ca Chnh ph Trung Quc cho Tuyn s 2A, vn vay ODA
ca Chnh ph Php v cc nh ti tr nh ADB, AFD, EIB, v.v. cho Tuyn s 3.
1.3.4 ngha ca vic thc hin d n theo m hnh PPP, quan im ca cc c quan Chnh ph
Vit Nam
Thng thng vic p dng m hnh PPP khng ch v mc ch gim n cng m cn mang li
hiu qu cho vic s dng, vn dng k thut v kin thc ca t nhn trong lnh vc cng. cc
nc ang pht trin, ti chnh v vn chuyn giao cng ngh ca cc cng ty t nhn c vn
nc ngoi c c bit k vng. Tng t nh Vit Nam, nm 1993 quy nh chi tit v u
t theo hnh thc hp ng BOT c ra i. K t , nhm p ng nhu cu xy dng h tng
k thut ang ngy cng cao hn, Vit Nam lin tc thc hin cng trnh xy dng cng nh xem
xt li cc chnh sch lin quan n m hnh BOT - PPP. Vi bi cnh tng trng kinh t nhng
nm gn y vi tc th ha nhanh chng v nhu cu xy dng h tng c s Vit Nam
ngy cng tng ln. p ng c yu cu ny, n nc ngoi ca Vit Nam trong 3 nm gn
y (2009~2011) tng mc trn 14% hng nm, v thi im nm 2011 ang ln n mc 503
t USD (JETRO: s liu ngy 17 thng 8 nm 2012).
Do vy, p ng c nhu cu xy dng h tng c s ang ngy cng nhiu v t quan
im gim n Chnh ph thu ht cng ngh ca cc cng ty nc ngoi cc nc pht trin, Vit
Nam ang rt coi trng vic a vo s dng nhng tim nng ca t nhn thng qua m hnh
PPP. Vic s dng m hnh PPP t nht cng c th gim c vn Chnh ph trong u t ban
u.
1-24
MOT l c quan u mi ca nghin cu ny. Hin, c quan ny ang xem xt kh nng thc
hin d n thng qua s dng ngun vn khu vc t nhn, d d n c p dng hnh thi u t
c quy nh trong Quyt nh s 71- Lut PPP th im hay khng. Ngoi ra, theo nh iu tra
ca on nghin cu, B K hoch v u t (MPI) - n v ph trch thc hin cc d n th
im PPP Vit Nam ang hng ti xy dng mt b lut v m hnh PPP - cng k vng d n
Tuyn s 5 ny s c thc hin ngoi khung php l ca Quyt nh 71 v s c xem l v d
minh ha cho cc trng hp thc hin m hnh PPP sau ny.
Cng ty c phn
140,3 t Yn
Kinh doanh bt ng sn. Cho thu vn
HimLam
phng.
10,4 t Yn
Ngnh xy dng. Bun bn nguyn vt
Tng cng ty
liu xy dng, kinh doanh bt ng sn.
Vinaconex
Phi c lao ng. ang xut xy dng
(Vinaconex: Vietnam
Tu in mt ray (Monorail) thnh ph
Construction and
H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngoi ra
Import-Export Joint
ang thc hin d n Bc An Khnh. Hin
Stock Corporation)
ang chun b xy dng khu nh chung
c cao 22 tng qun Cu Giy, H Ni.
Ngun: on nghin cu
Tn cng ty
Cng ty c phn xy
dng u t Bnh
Chnh
Cng ty c phn
Hong Anh Gia Lai
Pha di, chng ti a ra s minh ha tnh hnh lp quy hoch s dng t dc Tuyn s 5.
Trong s l nhng v tr d kin cho cc ga t s 1~7. Theo , c rt nhiu phn mc ch s
dng t trong khu vc trung tm thnh ph v khu vc Ha Lc c quy nh r v phn ln
cc k hoch bao gm cc d n pht trin c ph duyt.
Mt khc, khu vc ngoi thnh nm gia khu vc ni thnh v khu vc Ha Lc (t ga 11~12
v ga 13~14, .v.v.) c th xc nhn rng c ch vn cha c quy hoch s dng t. V y c
cho l nhng khu vc c nhng k hoch pht trin gia khu vc cng v t.
Cn thit phi xem xt kh nng p dng phng thc hon tr li nhun t d n ny i vi
ch t dc Tuyn 5 tm ra nhng phng thc gim gnh nng xy dng cho d n.
1-26
dn s mc tiu l 750 ngn ngi vi din tch t nhin l 20.113 ha, mt s dng t l
80-90m2/ngi, v din tch khu vc pht trin nht l 18.000ha.
Hn na, Ha Lc l ca ng pha Ty ca H Ni, s gn kt vi cc khu vc Ba V, ng
M, sng Tch, Quc l 21, ng H Ch Minh v ngoi ra cn gn kt vi khu vc ni thnh
H Ni thng qua tuyn ng i l Thng Long.
i vi nhng th hin c nh th Quc Oai, nm v tr gia khu trung tm H Ni v
khu vc Ha Lc v nm dc i l Thng Long, hin ang c k hoch xy dng c s h tng
c bn nh ng in, nc, c s giao thng, mi trng x hi m vn m bo mi trng
sng xung quanh. C th, d kin khu vc xung quanh sng Nhu s xy dng thnh khu cng
vin th (vnh ai xanh), l khu vc vng m cho vic m rng thnh ph. Ngoi ra, khu vc
gia ca th v tinh pha Ty v ng vnh ai 4 nm dc sng y v sng Tch cng s
c xy dng thnh khu vc vnh ai xanh nhm bo tn vn ha truyn thng, bo v mi
trng, sinh thi v t nhin, phng chng l lt.
Theo Quyt nh s 855/Q-TTG ngy 27/09/2002 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt nh hng Quy hoch chung xy dng tuyn ng Lng Ha Lc n nm 2020,
ng Lng- Ha Lc c nu r l tuyn ng cao tc v l hnh lang k thut ni th H
Ni vi khu vc th Ha Lc nhm phc v nhu cu pht trin ca chui th Miu Mn Xun Mai - Ha Lc - Sn Ty trong vng th H Ni. Tuyn ng ny l trc khng gian v
cnh quan quan trng, c ngha v mt phn b dn c, kinh t v quc phng, to ng lc
pht trin vng Th H Ni.
Bn cnh k hoch xy dng tuyn ng Lng - Ha Lc, tuyn ng st th kt ni trung
tm H Ni vi Khu cng ngh cao Ha Lc cng rt c ch trng. Chnh ph Vit Nam ph
duyt quy hoch chung giao thng vn ti, trong bao gm Quy hoch Xy dng ng st
th da trn bo co HAIDEP ca JICA vo thng 7 nm 2008; Quy hoch chung Pht trin Vn
ti ng st vo thng 9 nm 2009; Quy hoch chung Xy dng H Ni n nm 2030 c ph
duyt vo thng 7 nm 2011. Tt c nhng quy hoch ny u c cp n Tuyn ng st
th s 5.Trong thit k xy dng ng Lng - Ha Lc cng dnh ring mt din tch t
xy dng Tuyn ng st th H Ni - Ha Lc - Ba V.
Mt khi tuyn ng st th ny c xy dng, n s to iu kin cho vic vn chuyn hnh
khch v rt ngn khong cch gia trung tm H Ni v Ha Lc, mang thun tin i li n cho
nhng ngi lm vic trong khu cng nghip v cho hnh khch i du lch ti cc cng trnh dch v.
Nh s c cp n trong Chng 2, theo kt qu d bo trong nghin cu ny, nhu cu vn
ti vo nm 2021, giai on d kin khai thng tuyn ng st, l 158 nghn hnh khch/ ngy,
nm 2030 l 400 nghn hnh khch/ ngy. Nu tnh c lng hnh khch trung chuyn gia Tuyn
5 vi Tuyn 2 v Tuyn 3 sau khi khai thng, nhu cu s dng Tuyn 5 d kin s l 171 nghn
ngi trong nm 2021 v 432 nghn ngi trong nm 2030. Hn th na, tuyn ng st s gim
thiu tc nghn giao thng v cc vn mi trng.
D n Tuyn s 5 kt ni trung tm thnh ph H ni vi mt trong s cc th v tinh l Ha
Lc. khu vc ny, c Khu Cng ngh cao vi din tch 1.586ha s dng vn vay ODA ca JICA
ang c xy dng. Ti y, khng ch xy dng khu cng nghip tp trung m cn hng ti
vic xy dng th i hc nghin cu nhm o to nhn ti, vi 3 trng i hc c phn
b quanh khu vc ny, to mi quan h gn kt gia khu cng ngh cao v hot ng nghin cu
khoa hc.
1.5.2 Tnh cn thit, hiu qu, ph hp i vi vic h tr thc hin d n
(1) Quan im t pha Nht Bn
Vic pht trin cc cng trnh kt cu h tng s dng cng ngh v kinh nghim ca khu vc
t nhn Nht Bn theo m hnh hp tc cng- t (PPP) c ngh trong Chng trnh H
tr quc gia dnh cho Vit Nam ca Nht Bn (ti thng 7 nm 2009). ng thi, vic pht trin h
thng vn ti th khi lng ln, tc cao (UMRT) l mt trong nhng mc tiu chin lc h tr
chnh theo K hoch H tr Lin tc ca JICA trong khun kh ni dung v Pht trin th, Pht
trin Mng li Giao thng v mc ch Thc y Tng trng Kinh t v y mnh Cnh tranh Quc
t.
Chnh v vy, xt v mt ng gp vo qu trnh gim gia tng ch tc giao thng t gp
phn gim lng kh nh knh, d n ny hon ton ph hp vi Chnh sch Pht trin ca Vit
Nam cng nh cc Lnh vc u tin Pht trin ca JICA v Nht Bn.
1-29
1.6 Cch thc tng hp v tm hiu h thng php lut v tiu chun lin
quan
y l d n c thc hin da trn h thng php lut ca Vit nam; chnh v vy, cn thit
phi thu thp v tng hp nhng php lnh, tiu chun, ch tiu lin quan tin hnh nghin cu
ng hng, trnh kh nng b b st. c bit, on nghin cu s cn nhc k lng v xem
xt nhng quy nh lut php lin quan ti nhng vn sau:
1. Tiu chun v c ch php lut v xy dng c s h tng ng st
2. H thng php lut lin quan n cc d n PPP
3. Cc giao dch t ai lin quan
4. Gii phng mt bng v ti nh c
5. Mi trng
1.6.1 H thng php quy v tiu chun lin quan n xy dng ng st
(1) Th ch php lut lin quan trong nghnh ng st
V h thng php l lin quan n ng st Vit Nam th t khi h thng ng st bt u
i vo hot ng n nay hn 100 nm v Tng cng ty ng st Vit nam (Vietnam Railway
Corporation: VNR, tn c l ng st Vit nam) l n v qun l v khai thc vn ti ng st
duy nht c cc quy nh k thut ring qun l h thng ng st n, cha qua in kh ho.
Ngoi ra, Tng cng ty ng st Vit nam cn c quy trnh x l ring cho hot ng ca nh ga
cng cc s tay, quy trnh bo dng u my toa xe v cc trang thit b khc.
Nm 2003, ng st quc gia Vit nam tin hnh t nhn ha theo cc nhim v lin quan
n qun l hnh chnh c giao cho Cc ng st Vit nam (Vietnam Railway
Administration: VNRA) trc thuc B Giao thng vn ti (Ministry of Giao thng: MOT) v n
nm 2005 th Lut ng st (09/2005/L-CTN) c ban hnh.
Lut ng st ch quy nh cc vn ln trong hot ng vn ti ng st nhng khng
bao gm cc quy nh chi tit hng dn thc hin. Do vy, k t nm 2006, cc vn v k
thut ca VNR vn do cc quy chun, tiu chun v cc quyt nh ca B Giao thng vn ti
(vn bn php quy cp B) quy nh.
Lut ng st v Quy ch k thut hin c ang c p dng vo h thng ng st cha
in kh ha. Song nhng quy ch ny khng th a vo p dng i vi h thng ng st
th v ng st vn hnh vi tc v tn sut cao. Ch c p dng i vi chng ch ca
nhn vin li tu loi tu u my hi nc khng cn ph hp cho vic o to nhn vin li
tu loi tu s dng lc y ca bnh xe. Ch mi trong vic chng nhn chng ch dnh cho
nhn vin li tu, c thc hin di s hp tc vi t chc JICA hin ang c xut ln
Cc ng st thnh ph H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Trong nm 2009, di s hp tc k thut ca Nht Bn, vic son tho H thng Tiu chun
K thut ng st th" c hon tt. B Giao thng Vn ti cng tip nhn nhng vn
bn quy chun ny, v hin ang thc y vic son tho mi cc tiu chun k thut ng st.
Mt khc, vo nm 2009, B Xy dng ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v cng trnh
1-31
ngm th mang m s QCVN 08/2009/BXD da trn nhng tiu chun dnh cho tu in
ngm ca Nga. Nhng nhng quy chun ny c nhng im khc bit vi tiu chun tu in
ngm ca Nht Bn v Ty u cng nh vn cn tn ti nhng c tnh m khng th p dng
vi cng ngh tin tin nht nn cn phi c sa i.
Ngoi ra, da trn nhng quy nh trc v cp ng ray, tn hiu v vn hnh ng st
ca VNR nh tiu chun quc gia vo nm 2011, tiu chun quc gia Vit Nam v ng st bao
gm tiu chun cp ng ray (Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 8893:2011 Cp k thut ng st),
tiu chun tn hiu ng st (Quy chun Vit Nam QCVN 06:2011 / BGTVT Quy chun k thut
quc gia v tn hiu ng st), tiu chun vn hnh ng st (Quy chun Vit Nam m s
QCVN 08:2011/BGTVT Quy chun k thut quc gia v vn hnh ng st) c thit lp.
Vit Nam, vi nhng tuyn ng st c xy dng nh vo vn u t ti tr t nc
ngoi, nhng tiu chun k thut ca cc quc gia ny c th c p dng ti Vit Nam. V vy
vi nhng d n xy dng ng st cao tc v ng st th, v.v. bng vn u t ODA ca
Nht Bn, cc d n ny c th c xy dng theo cc tiu chun Nht Bn. Tuy nhin, do cc
tuyn ng st c xy dng theo tiu chun ca cc quc gia khc nhau, nn trong tng lai
khi Vit Nam tip nhn qun l v t vn hnh cc tuyn ny, s xy ra tnh trng khng thun li
v khng c hiu qu v kinh t. Chnh v vy, cn thit phi song hnh h tr Vit Nam trong
vic hon thin b tiu chun k thut v thc hin thit k sao cho ph hp nht.
Vit Nam,ngoi vic p dng k thut ng st th, ng st in kh ha, ng st
ngm, ng st cao tc, .v.v. ca Nht Bn v cc nc Chu u, hin c rt nhiu cc hng mc
k thut cng ang c cung cp bi Trung Quc thng qua cc mi quan h hp tc v ng
st hin c. Trong cc hng mc c p dng nhng quy nh ca Trung Quc vo h thng
ng st Vit Nam s bao gm cc hng mc nh: kho st a cht, ng ray gm 3 ray, tuyn
ng ray chuyn dng vn chuyn hng ha, tng vch ngn, ga v qung trng ga, kho cha
dnh cho ng c Diesel, depo, cc bin php mi trng, cng trnh xy dng ng ray, qun l
xy dng, kim tra thi cng, h thng cp thot nc, v bo dng ng ray.
(2) Th ch php lut cn thit trong vic xy dng cc cng trnh cng cng
Ton b cc hng mc php lut cn thit dnh cho vic thc hin cc d n xy dng cng trnh
cng cng u c trong php lut Vit Nam.
Vic gii phng mt bng s c tin hnh theo Lut ng st v Lut t ai. Sau khi d
n c ph duyt, cn phi lp ra mt Ban Gii phng Mt bng trc thuc U ban nhn dn
Qun/Huyn trong khu vc d n. n v ny s son tho k hoch thu hi gii phng mt bng.
Ph Ch tch U ban Nhn dn Qun/Huyn s l Ch tch ca Ban Gii phng Mt bng. Nhn
vin thc hin d n s l thnh vin ca Ban Gii phng Mt bng ny. Trng hp phi di dn,
s lp k hoch di dn v khung chnh sch ti nh c. Trc tin, s cn son tho k hoch di
dn. Nu d n thuc phm vi qun l ca cp Chnh ph th cn trnh ln Chnh ph; nu d n
thuc phm vi qun l cp a phng, cn trnh ln chnh quyn a phng c ph duyt.
Vi nhng d n c cp Chnh ph ph duyt th khng cn phi trnh ln chnh quyn a
phng. Sau khi d n ng st c ph duyt, n v thc hin d n phi thanh ton chi ph
thc hin cng tc gii phng mt bng do chnh quyn a phng ph trch thc hin. Th tc
gii phng mt bng trong ranh gii dnh cho ng st c ghi r trong Ngh nh s
03/2012/N-CP Php lnh Sa i ca Lut ng st. C 3 loi i tng bi thng sau: t
ai, nh , i tng khc (bi thng i vi hot ng kinh doanh). Ni dung bi thng cho
tng loi i tng c xc nh r trong nhng quy nh ca a phng (trong khu vc
thuc qun l ca thnh ph H Ni, cc ni dung ny c trong Php lnh s 108). Vic bi
thng t c chia ra: bi thng tr bng t vi gi tr tng ng thay th do n v thc
hin d n s chun b; v cch khc l bi thng bng tin.
Hin cc phng tin truyn thng ang ch trch vic xy dng cng trnh cng cng ti Vit
Nam c vn v chi ph v phn k giai on. c bit, tnh trng gii phng mt bng ang
din ra kh khn nn cn thit phi c tiu chun tnh ton tin bi thng cng bng, ch v
thm quyn nh gi bi thng. V vn thu hi t dnh cho xy dng ng b, trc y
cng xut hin tnh trng nhng phn t cn li, gn khu vc ng b xy mi c mua vi
gi cao hn ng k so vi mc gi t bi thng gii phng mt bng, gy ra bt bnh v bt
mn ln trong s nhng h dn bn t. Ti Nht Bn, cng xy ra vn tng t nu trn.
Phng php gii quyt cho cc vn trn l cn phi cn nhc n vic p dng thc hin chnh
1-32
sch ct t ca nhng h dn ven khu vc d n iu chnh li quy hoch khu th; chnh
sch di di h dn sang khu vc mi, hoc phn chia cho h dn mt phn li ch tng ng trong
khu vc d n (v d i vi d n nh , phn chia cho h dn cn h, v.v.). Cng vi vic tm
kim nhng khu t s dng cho cng trnh cng cng, iu chnh li cc k hoch s dng t sao
cho ph hp vi vic xy dng h thng ng st th, cn phi xy dng h thng chnh sch
nhm phn chia li nhun trung bnh t vic pht trin cho ton b cc khu vc. Vic qun l trong
iu chnh li k hoch s dng t l phng php tm kim tng mnh t trong s nhng mnh
t thuc phm vi nht nh v tin hnh iu chnh khu vc sao cho ph hp vi vic xy
dng ng b, cng vin, ng st, ga, cc cng trnh cng cng khc.
Mc d k hoch thc hin d n s c lp da trn quy hoch th ca thnh ph, nhng
do phi nh cc n v t vn ring bit lp quy hoch ng st, quy hoch ng b, quy hoch
xy dng th v do thiu nng lc qun l mi lin kt v trao i thng tin cht ch gia cc
phng ban qun l hay thiu cht ch trong cng tc qun l tng hp ton b cc quy hoch ca
cc phng ban ny, nn pht sinh vn khng th iu chnh cc quy hoch ny cho thng nht
vi nhau. Gii php cho vn ny c th bng cch p dng mt cch thc tng t nh Nht
Bn, thnh lp mt Hi ng thm nh, bao gm cc thnh vin t cc b ngnh c lin quan,
thc hin nhim v iu chnh qu trnh trao i lin lc gia cc B ban ngnh khc nhau, thnh
qu cui cng l a ra quy ch v cc d n cng cng v vic s dng t ai trong ch mt bn
k hoch, v vi th ch hi ng ny th ton b cc thnh vin b ngnh lin quan u c th c
bit v bn quy hoch ny.
Theo iu 4 ca Lut Ngn sch Nh nc nm 2002 s 01/2002/QH11 ngy 16 thng 12 nm
2002, c quy nh nh sau: Tng chi ngn sch nh nc bao gm chi ngn sch a phng. V
vy, vi nhng d n do y ban nhn dn thnh ph H Ni thc hin, s do ngn sch quc gia
phn b. Vit Nam, chnh quyn a phng c v tr l c quan a phng ca nh nc, nn
mi c nhng quy nh k trn. Ti Nht Bn, khi xy dng c s h tng dnh cho ng st, s
phi hp tc vi chnh quyn a phng v phn chia trch nhim b vn u t vi a phng
ny trong vic xy dng c s h tng khu vc ng gom v khu vc qung trng ga. Vit
Nam, s phi tho lun v cng vi chnh quyn a phng thc hin, cn phn ngn sch d
ton s phi trnh ln chnh quyn trung ng v c chnh quyn ny chi tr. Vy nn s
khng c vic chnh quyn a phng s chu 1 khon ph khc h tr cho vic thc hin d
n ca chnh quyn trung ng.
(3) Tnh cn thit ca vic ci thin h thng php lut trong tng lai
Vit Nam nn p dng ch ch trng n tnh hiu qu v minh bch thng qua vic thit lp
hi ng thm nh vi chc nng phi hp cht ch mi lin kt trao i gia cc b ngnh nhm
thc y thc hin cc d n.
Vic vn hnh kinh doanh tuyn ng st s c quyt nh thnh cng hay tht bi ca
doanh nghip sau khi xy dng hon thin tuyn ng st. Nu xy dng tuyn ng st khng
thng nht vi ch trng ca doanh nghip kinh doanh vn hnh ng st, th vic kinh doanh
v vn hnh tuyn ny s l vn v gp kh khn trong vic tip tc hot ng (nh trng hp
ang xy ra ti ng st quc gia Nht Bn). Do vy, trnh tnh trng ny, cc doanh nghip
kinh doanh v vn hnh ng st nn u t vo cc d n ng st vi cc quyn v ngha v
ph hp. Trong nhng nm gn y, cc n v vn hnh ng st khng cn tham gia u t
nng ng vo cc d n c s h tng l bi xu hng phn chia trch nhim phn trn v phn
di trong ton b ti sn ca d n ng st. Song xy dng tuyn ng st m bo hot
ng lu di v bn vng, cn phi thit lp mt c ch m trong cn nhc k n cc vn
v cp nhng ni dung trn vo qu trnh lp quy hoch.
Quy ch v mi trng i vi ting n t ng st khng ch l nhng quy ch dnh cho ting
n thng thng nh hin nay, m cn phi xy dng quy ch bao gm c nhng phng php o
n.
V vn chng nhn an ton u my toa xe v trang thit b ng st lp t mi, hin nay
ti Vit Nam ang khng c c quan chng nhn cc trang thit b ng st th v ng st
cao tc, nn cn phi khn trng thnh lp c quan thuc Chnh ph c chc nng o to v
chng nhn c trch nhim x l cc nhim v nu trn.
Xem bng 1.6.1 di y v cc quy nh, tiu chun v lut l ng st hin hnh:
1-33
Bng 1.6.1 Php lnh v tiu chun v xy dng c s h tng ng st Vit Nam
Thi gian thi
Php lnh
M s php lnh
hnh
ng st
Lut ng st Vit Nam
S 35/2005/QH11
2005-6-27
Quy ch Chi tit Thc thi Lut
Ngh nh s 109/2006/N-CP
2006-9-22
ng st
Vi tr ca Chnh sch v Quy nh
Ngh nh s 34/2003/N-CP
2003-4v ng st
Quy nh Kim tra Mi trng An
Quyt nh s
2006-1-1
ton u my Toa xe ng st
58/2005/Q-BGTVT
Xy dng v t ai
Lut Xy dng
S 16/ 2003/ QH11
2003-11-26
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k
S 68/ 2006/ QH11 sa i
2006-6-29
thut
ngy 1/01/2007
Cu thnh v vic p dng cc Tiu
Thng t s 21/ 2007/
2007-9-28
chun K thut
TT-BKHCN
Th tc Tiu chun K thut
Thng t s 23/ 2007/
2007-9-28
TT-BKHCN
Xy dng Kt cu Ngm th
Php lnh s 41/2007/N-CP
2007-3-22
Qun l Cht lng C s H tng
2004-12-16
Php lnh s 209/2004/N-CP
Xy dng
Lut t ai
S 13/2003/QH11
2003-11-26
Lut Quy hoch th
S 30/2009/QH12
2010-01-01
nh gi v Qun l vic Ph duyt
Ngh nh s 37/2010/N-CP
2010-5-25
Quy hoch th
Quy hoch th v cng tc Xy
Hng dn s 30/1999/CT-TTg
1999-10-26
dng
Qun l lut Quy hoch th
Ngh nh s 91/CP 17/08/1994
1994-8-17
S dng t cho mc ch cng
Ngh nh s 181/ 2004
2004
iu lnh t ai Thnh ph H Ni
Quyt nh ca UBND TP H
2009
Ni s 108/2009
Mi trng
Lut Bo v Mi trng
S 52/2005/QH11 29/11/2005
2006-7-1
nh gi Mi trng Chin lc v
Ngh nh s 29/2011/ N-CP
2011-4-18
Bo v Mi trng
Quy ch Php lut B sung ca B
Thng t s
2011-7-18
Ti nguyn v Mi trng
26/2011/TT-BTNMT
B sung Lut t ai v vn Gii
Ngh nh s 84/2007/N-CP
2007-5-25
phng Mt bng
Quy ch B sung v Gii phng Mt
Ngh nh s 69/2009/N-CP
2009-8-13
bng
Quy ch B sung v Gii phng Mt
Ngh nh s
2007-5-25
bng
84/2007/N-CP
Quy nh Chi tit v Gii phng Mt
Thng t s
2009-10-1
bng ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
14/2009/TT-BTNMT
trng
Hng mc Hng dn ca B Ti
Thng t s
2007-6-15
nguyn v Mi trng
06/2007/TT-BTNMT
C cu v vic thc hin Nghin cu
Ngh nh s 65/ 2006/ N-CP
2006-6-23
Ti nguyn Thin nhin Mi trng
Quy nh chi tit thc hin Lut Bo
Ngh nh s 80/ 2006/ N-CP
2006-8-9
v Mi trng
1-34
2006-11-22
2006-3-30
2002-4-22
2011
2003-6
1988-2-05
1987-12-11
B Giao thng Vn ti
1976-2-9
TCVN-4117-1985 B Xy
dng
1985
1998-3-27
1995-5-03
2005-12-30
TCVN 8585-2011
2011-2-22
2009-10-1
2009
2006
S 1597/ GTVT-KHCN
2/08/1999
S 75/2005/Q-BGTVT s
ng k 22TCN 342-05
22TCN-362-07
22TCN-340-05
30/12/2005
25/07/2007
30/12/2005
396/DS-PC
12/03/1981
2011
S 519/ Q-S
S 41/ 2007/ N-CP
22/03/2007
16/12/2004
5/10/2009
1-35
9/12/2009
TCVN 4527-88
5/02/1988
TCVN 4117:1985
1985
22TCN 18-79
19/09/1979
2007
2000
22TCN 259-2000
2000
22TCN 262-2000
2000
22TCN 251-98
22TCN 220-95
TCVN 5729-2012
2012
TCVN 4054-2005
22TCN 273-01
2005
20TCN 104-83
22TCN 211-2006
22TCN 223-95
TCXDVN 51-84
TCXDVN 295:2001
2001
22TCN 272-05
11TCN 19-2006
22TCN 237-01
529/BXD/VTK-1997
1997
2005
2005
22 TCN-240-99
QCVN 06:2011/BGTVT
2011
1/01/2005
8/2007
2007
1-36
1-37
Tiu chun k
thut ng st
Quy chun
ng st th
S lc
Ni dung lu
c xy dng vo nm 2005
Quy nh cc phn khung chnh cho
cc d n ng st
ng st c phn loi ra thnh:
ng st Quc gia, ng st
th v ng st chuyn dng.
Cc ng st Vit Nam ch o v
gim st cc n v kinh doanh vn
hnh ng st
n v kinh doanh vn hnh ng
st Quc gia v ng st th ln
lt l VNR v y ban Nhn dn
cp tnh.
c xy dng da trn chng
trnh hp tc k thut t pha Nht
Bn, tuy nhin vn cha c ph
duyt
Quy nh c mt vi gii hn
c p dng mt cch cng
ch cho tt c cc loi ng st
Ngun: on nghin cu
Di y l phn trnh by v phn loi theo Lut ng st v phn loi theo tiu chun k
thut.
Bng 1.6.3 Lut v tiu chun p dng i vi vic xy dng ng st
ng st
ng st
ng st
Quc gia
th
chuyn dng
ng st thng thng (Ngoi nhng loi
p dng
p dng
p dng
ng st c th ra, tc di 150km/h)
ng st tc trung (tc di 200km/h)
p dng
ng st c th (ng st mt ray, tu
p dng
m t, v.v.)
(Ngoi tr
loi ng st
c dy ko v
ng st i
trn mt t )
(xe in)
Ngun: on nghin cu
Ti thi im hin ti ch c Quy chun ng st th c ph chun, Tiu chun k
thut ng st vn cha c chnh thc quy nh. Tuy nhin, chi tit ca nhng Quy chun hay
Tiu chun ny c tho lun ht t nhng quan im mang tnh k thut nn s khng gy ra
bt c vn no khi xy dng k hoch cho Tuyn s 5.
1.6.2. Cc vn lin quan n m hnh PPP
Bo co ny c lp trn c s gi nh p dng m hnh phn chia trn di v on
nghin cu s tp trung vo vn ti chnh trong kt cu phn di do Chnh ph Vit Nam thc
hin.
1-38
49%
30%
1-39
21%
6. Cc c quan c
lin quan
Khng quy nh
49%
B K hoch u t, B Ti
chnh, B T php, Ngn hng
Nh nc, cc t cng tc lin
ngnh.
Ngun: JICA Nghin cu v cc d n c s h tng theo m hnh PPP Vit nam, Tp ch
IPBA s thng 6, JICA Nghin cu kh thi cc vn mi trng Vit nam i vi hot ng
ca cc khu cng nghip
Ngoi ra, nhn t kha cnh tin ca d n PPP th im trong quy nh php lut lin quan v
m hnh PPP, tnh n thi im thng 5 nm 2012, hin vn cha c d n no u thu theo
ng quy nh v ch lin quan n cc d n xy dng c s h tng theo m hnh PPP c lit
k trong phn 1.3.2. Cc d n th im s l cc d n u tin c thc hin theo trnh t bng
bn di bi nhm hot ng thuc c quan b ngnh Chnh ph.
1-40
Tn d n
D n u t ng cao tc Ninh Bnh Thanh Ha
ng cao tc Bn Lc- Hip Phc
D n u t ng cao tc Nghi Sn - Bi Vt
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
Nh my nc Sng Hu 3
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
D liu c bn
C quan Nh
nc c thm
quyn (ASA)
MOT
MOIT
22
23
24
D n u t cc ga u cui kt ni h thng ng st
th
Bnh vin a khoa Ph Xuyn (1000 ging)
26
27
28
25
UBND H Ni
1-41
Bc 2: Lp danh mc d n
u t
Bc 3: Cng b danh mc d
n u t
Bc 5: Quyt nh m hnh
ti chnh m bo vn u t
v phn chia gnh nng ngn
sch
Bc 6: Chn nh u t
Bc 7: K kt hp ng
1-42
Dch v vn ti ng st
NgunJETRO-V cc lnh vc lao ng, thu - k ton, php lut v doanh nghip, u t
ca Vit Nam (Nh xut bn: TCG)
(Tham kho) Cc hnh thc u t ca cc nh u t nc ngoi (iu 21 ca Lut u t)
Thnh lp cng ty con lien doanh ca cng ty lin doanh v doanh nghip
Vit Nam (quc doanh,t nhn,c th).
1-43
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.1.1 Biu d bo nhu cu theo M hnh 4 bc phn tch
2-1
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.2.1 Phn chia vng (ton b thnh ph H Ni) trong
D n u t xy dng ng st th H Ni
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.2.2 Phn chia vng (khu vc trung tm thnh ph) trong
D n u t Xy dngng st th H Ni
2-2
2-3
2-4
Bng 2.3.1 Nhng vng gia tng dn s nhanh chng c xem l c k hoch pht trin
2-5
: Vng ln cn khu vc Ha Lc
177
252
175
184
168
179
170
169
172
164
180
281
280
183
166
176
167
171
133
134
181
136
132
173
163
130
182
174
178
208
279
278
160
165
282
261
135
129
219
146
137
310
213
214
131
158
138
263
140
308
220
162
154
204
141
294
309
149
305
267
255
297
225
283
298
221
210
292
142
205
306
211
156
262
202
224
148
215
223
203
155
206
216
212
207
151
153
201
209
217
250
147
226
144
Tng s H Ni
X Mai Lm
Phng M Lao
X Vng La
X Dng H
X Kim Chung
Th trn Yn Vin
X i Mch
X Dc T
X C Loa
X Vn Ni
X Yn Thng
X Sn ng
X Kim Sn
X nh Xuyn
X Vit Hng
X Tm X
X Kim N
X Vnh Ngc
X Nam Sn
X Trung Gi
X Yn Vin
X Minh Ph
X Hng K
X Hi Bi
X Uy N
X Bc Sn
X Ninh Hip
X Xun Canh
X ng Hi
X Minh Khai
Phng Trung Sn Trm
X Thanh M
X Nam Hng
X Lin H
X C ng
X Yn Ngha
X Tn Hng
Th trn Sc Sn
X Thanh Lit
X Mai nh
X Ph Linh
X Ba V
X Ty M
X M Tr
X Minh Tr
X Bc Hng
X Bc Ph
X Ph Lm
X Quang Tin
X Ba Tri
X T Thanh Oai
X Vn H
X Xun Thu
X ng Ngc
X Hin Ninh
X ng Thi
X Minh Quang
X ng Xun
X Cam Thng
X Bin Giang
Phng Yt Kiu
X Vt Li
X Vnh Qunh
Th trn Ty ng
X Chu Minh
X Hu Ho
X Ph Din
X Ph Chu
X Tn Dn
X Thy Phng
X Thun M
X Xun Phng
X Xun Nn
X Kin Hng
X Thng Ct
X Yn M
X Thanh Xun
X i M
X T Hip
X Lin Mc
Th trn ng Anh
X Ty Tu
X Trung Vn
X M nh
X Xun nh
X Ph Cng
X Ph L
Th trn Cu Din
X C Nhu
Th trn Vn in
X Trng Vit
X c Ho
X Ng Hip
X Vit Long
2011
1,831,722
50
9
106
69
73
90
53
186
388
629
464
1,098
669
146
408
2,246
218
970
276
831
1,094
678
497
837
4,030
1,284
1,238
1,221
5,905
62
1,665
1,649
19
1,124
1,881
277
2,715
2,341
282
130
7,095
465
400
185
6,843
465
13,069
691
209
786
385
397
273
653
285
406
382
738
1,161
673
139
581
518
235
287
353
1,634
803
580
223
956
625
886
709
2,370
634
1,216
1,541
1,144
1,963
1,399
3,985
2,005
3,720
3,397
1,467
1,230
7,733
2,932
652
239
2,337
711
1,864
Dn s c vic lm
2020
2030
2040
4,044,415
5,273,770
5,684,725
2,201
2,873
2,882
342
446
638
3,444
4,495
4,510
2,163
2,824
2,833
1,952
2,548
2,556
2,138
2,791
2,800
1,256
1,639
1,644
4,177
5,453
5,470
7,484
9,770
9,801
11,960
15,612
15,662
8,777
11,458
11,494
20,296
26,494
28,549
12,049
15,729
16,949
2,623
3,424
3,435
7,261
9,478
9,508
38,790
50,635
50,795
3,755
4,901
4,917
16,635
21,715
21,783
4,550
5,940
6,636
12,880
16,813
18,785
15,653
20,432
20,497
9,606
12,540
14,010
6,987
9,121
10,190
11,724
15,304
15,353
55,636
72,625
72,856
17,414
22,732
25,397
16,610
21,682
21,751
16,361
21,357
21,425
77,480
101,140
101,461
803
1,048
1,129
21,415
27,955
30,123
21,187
27,657
29,803
243
331
371
13,974
18,241
18,299
23,166
30,240
32,586
3,338
4,358
4,696
29,092
37,976
42,429
22,843
29,818
33,315
2,640
3,446
3,713
1,211
1,649
1,849
65,884
86,003
96,088
4,285
8,390
10,440
3,647
4,761
5,130
1,673
2,184
2,354
59,560
77,748
86,865
4,022
5,479
6,145
111,180
145,131
162,149
5,753
7,510
8,093
1,725
2,350
2,636
6,051
11,847
14,741
2,951
3,852
4,151
2,993
4,077
4,572
2,040
2,778
3,116
4,854
6,336
6,828
2,111
2,876
3,225
2,953
3,854
4,153
2,777
5,437
6,765
5,338
7,271
8,155
8,181
16,018
19,931
4,647
6,066
6,536
955
1,246
1,784
3,980
5,195
5,599
3,506
4,577
4,932
1,588
5,529
6,661
1,877
2,450
2,640
2,188
2,856
3,078
10,029
13,091
14,107
4,895
6,390
6,886
3,527
4,804
5,388
1,342
1,751
1,887
5,723
11,206
13,944
3,740
4,882
5,261
5,295
7,212
8,089
4,171
5,445
5,867
13,754
17,953
19,346
3,676
4,798
5,171
7,039
9,588
10,754
8,713
11,374
12,256
6,428
8,390
9,041
10,884
14,207
15,309
7,744
10,549
11,831
22,006
28,725
30,954
11,039
14,410
15,528
20,213
26,386
28,433
18,385
23,999
25,861
7,930
10,802
12,115
6,605
8,997
10,091
41,390
54,029
58,221
15,504
20,239
21,809
3,431
4,479
4,827
1,254
1,637
2,343
12,205
16,625
18,646
3,668
4,788
5,159
9,598
13,074
14,664
2050
6,164,692
2,891
914
4,524
2,842
2,564
2,809
1,650
5,488
9,832
15,712
11,531
30,764
18,264
3,446
9,538
50,957
4,932
21,853
7,415
20,988
20,562
15,653
11,385
15,401
73,087
28,375
21,820
21,493
101,783
1,217
32,460
32,115
416
18,357
35,114
5,060
47,404
37,221
4,001
2,074
107,355
12,990
5,528
2,536
97,051
6,892
181,163
8,720
2,956
18,342
4,473
5,128
3,495
7,357
3,618
4,476
8,417
9,146
24,800
7,043
2,553
6,033
5,314
8,025
2,845
3,317
15,202
7,420
6,043
2,034
17,350
5,669
9,073
6,322
20,847
5,572
12,061
13,207
9,743
16,497
13,270
33,355
16,733
30,639
27,867
13,588
11,318
62,738
23,501
5,201
3,354
20,913
5,559
16,447
2-6
2011
100.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.12
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.22
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.32
0.00
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.06
0.10
0.02
0.15
0.13
0.02
0.01
0.39
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.37
0.03
0.71
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.13
0.03
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.11
0.08
0.22
0.11
0.20
0.19
0.08
0.07
0.42
0.16
0.04
0.01
0.13
0.04
0.10
: Vng ln cn khu vc Ha Lc
2050
100.00
0.05
0.01
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.09
0.16
0.25
0.19
0.50
0.30
0.06
0.15
0.83
0.08
0.35
0.12
0.34
0.33
0.25
0.18
0.25
1.19
0.46
0.35
0.35
1.65
0.02
0.53
0.52
0.01
0.30
0.57
0.08
0.77
0.60
0.06
0.03
1.74
0.21
0.09
0.04
1.57
0.11
2.94
0.14
0.05
0.30
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.12
0.06
0.07
0.14
0.15
0.40
0.11
0.04
0.10
0.09
0.13
0.05
0.05
0.25
0.12
0.10
0.03
0.28
0.09
0.15
0.10
0.34
0.09
0.20
0.21
0.16
0.27
0.22
0.54
0.27
0.50
0.45
0.22
0.18
1.02
0.38
0.08
0.05
0.34
0.09
0.27
2-7
2-8
+ blog(Y) + c
2-9
Lu lng pht sinh (Z) thu c t kho st lt i ca hnh khch c gii thch bng 2 d
liu l dn s (X) v s ngi lao ng (Y) nh di y. Vi c 2 phng thc u a ra con s
hp l v mt thng k hc da trn gi tr t v h s quyt nh (R2).
2-10
2-11
2-12
Khi so snh lu lng giao thng pht sinh ca tng vng ti thi im hin ti (nm 2012) v
trong tng lai (nm 2030), c th ch ra nhng im sau:
Hin ti (nm 2012), cc vng tp trung nhiu lu lng giao thng pht sinh l khu vc
ni thnh trong thnh ph. Dc Tuyn 5, lu lng pht sinh tp trung nhiu nhng
vng nm trong khu vc ga s 3 v s 5.
Trong tng lai (nm 2030), khu vc tp trung nhiu lu lng giao thng pht sinh c
khuynh hng m rng ra khu vc ngoi . Cc vng c lu lng pht sinh tp trung
nhiu s l khu vc Ty Nam trong c khu vc Ha Lc, khu vc pha Bc, v khu vc
ng Nam.
Lu lng pht sinh s m rng vi mc tng hn 10% x Tn Hng (286) vn l a
phn ca Ha Lc v vng ln cn l phng Trung Sn Trm (279).
Trong tng lai (2030), lu lng pht sinh c xu hng gim xung mt s vng trong
ni thnh thnh ph hn so vi hin ti (2012).
Lu lng pht sinh ca tng vng phc thuc vo quy m dn s v s lao ng ca vng ,
do vy c th thy nhng d on trnh by trn phn nh khuynh hng di dn ra khu vc ni
thnh.
2-13
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.4.1 Phm vi nh hng ca nh ga d bo nhu cu
(Cc ng trn ng tm c phn tch bng phng php Voronoi)
d bo nhu cu trung chuyn tu vi Tuyn 2 v Tuyn s 3 d kin s kt ni ti nh ga s
1 v 2 ca Tuyn 5, chng ti da trn quan im ging vi Tuyn 5 phm vi nh hng ca nh
ga c thit lp trong phm vi bn knh 2km t cc tuyn.
Hn na, ton b khu vc dc Tuyn 2 v 3 H Ni c chia ra thnh khu ATuyn 2 (pha
Bc), khu Btuyn s 3 (pha Ty), v khu C: Tuyn 2, 3 (pha ng, pha Nam), di y
l l mi lin h ca cc tuyn ny vi Tuyn 5.
Khu vc t ga s 1~11 (khu vc ni thnh) ca Tuyn 5 song song vi khu BTuyn s 3 (pha
Ty), khu C: Tuyn 2, 3 (pha ng, pha Nam) v cc nh ga ca c 2 tuyn u rt gn nhau
nn s khng pht sinh trung chuyn tu gia cc khu vc ny vi nhau. Chnh v vy, i vi
2-14
nhng khu vc ny ch tnh nhu cu trung chuyn tu vi ga 12~17 (khu vc ngoi thnh) ca
Tuyn 5.
i vi khu A: Tuyn 2 (pha Bc), tuyn ny c hng ko di khc vi Tuyn 5, c th d
bo c kh nng trung chuyn tu gia hai tuyn nn s tnh ton nhu cu trung chuyn tu vi
ton b cc nh ga ca Tuyn 5.
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.4.2 Phm vi nh hng ca nh ga d bo nhu cu (Tuyn 2, 3)
Bng 2.4.1 Trung chuyn gia Tuyn 5 v cc tuyn khc
ATuyn 2
(pha Bc)
BTuyn s 3
(pha Ty)
C: Tuyn 2, 3
(pha ng, Nam)
Khng lin kt
(i b , xe but)
Khng lin kt
(i b , xe but)
60%
75%
25%
40%
100%
30%
15%
70%
85%
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.4.3 Phn chia vng theo phm vi nh hng ca nh ga (phn chia t l din tch)
(3)Th phn giao thng
Th phn giao thng l thng s tnh ton s lng ngi s dng ng st t lu lng giao
thng pht sinh ca tng OD c tnh tng Phm vi nh hng ca nh ga.
nhng th m h thng giao thng sn c c xy dng nh xe but, ng st, t
hay xe my, c th tnh ton chnh xc s thay i ca th phn giao thng theo s thay i v
iu kin yu t thi gian hoc chi ph. V d, y l phng php tnh th phn giao thng c s
dng m hnh hm s c tnh theo tng chi ph (chi ph hy sinh) bao gm yu t thi gian v
chi ph (gi v), v ng vi s thay i v thi gian v chi ph ta s tnh ton ra th phn giao
thng.
Trong nghin cu ny, do thnh ph H Ni cha c h thng ng st th nn khng th p
dng ngay lp tc phng php ny. Tuy nhin, da trn t l cng nh tnh hnh hin ti ca xe
but, loi c nh hnh l phng tin giao thng cng cng, on nghin cu n lc tnh
ton th phn ca h thng ng st th. Theo , vi gi v tu trung bnh l 0,5 USD th th
phn ca ng st th vo khong trn di 15%.
Ngoi ra, nghin cu ny cng xem xt gi tr mc tiu (20,5%) ca h thng ng st th
trong bo co HAIDEP v ca cc thnh ph khc chu .
Trong khi t phn ca h thng ng st Nht l trn 30% th Singapore, ni c h thng
giao thng th kh phc tp, l 12%, cn Manila v Jakarta ch l 2%.
T phn ca Tuyn 5 c xem l cn phi c thit lp mt cch bo ton hn so vi d liu
trong bo co HAIDEP.
2-16
Ngun: HAIDEP
Hnh 2.4.4 Hin trng th phn giao thng v gi tr mc tiu trong tng lai
ca thnh ph H Ni
Bng 2.4.2 Hin trng th phn giao thng v gi tr mc tiu
trong tng lai ca thnh ph H Ni
Ngun: HAIDEP
2-17
Ngun: HAIDEP
on nghin cu so snh mc gi v v GDP bnh qun u ngi l 1 trong nhng cn c
thit lp gi v hu ht cc nc Chu . Ti Singapore, nc tin hnh iu tit tng lu
lng xe my nhm thc y s dng giao thng cng cng, ang thc hin chnh sch hn ch
gi v xung thp so vi GDP bnh qun u ngi.
thit lp mc gi v, cn phi xem xt chi ph mua bn, bo dng v nhin liu ca xe my
vn c ngi dn s dng nh phng tin i li hng ngy.
Bng 2.4.4 Mc gi v ca h thng giao thng th mt s nc Chu
Hng
Kng
Hn Quc
(Seoul)
Singapore
Thi Lan
(Bng Cc)
Jakarta
Vit Nam
(Tham kho)
Mc gi v bnh qun
(Gi tr trung gian USD)
1,95
1,05
1,04
0,75
0,37
0,50
31.500
20.600
43.100
4.990
9.896
1.170
Ch s (/)
0,006 %
0,005 %
0,002 %
0,015 %
0,0037%
0,042 %
Ngun: on nghin cu
2-18
2.5 Kt qu d bo nhu cu
tin hnh d bo nhu cu tng lai k t sau thi im a vo khai thc tuyn, on
nghin cu d bo nhu cu ng st ca thi im trong tng lai da trn c s cc d liu
hin ti.
(1) Nhu cu vn ti ng st
Nhu cu vn ti ng st ca Tuyn 5 (giai on 1) vo nm 2021 c d bo l 171 nghn
ngi/ngy trong bao gm c hnh khch trung chuyn tu vi cc Tuyn 2, 3.
Nhu cu ca tuyn ng st ny vo nm 2030 khi giai on 2 bt u c a vo vn hnh
l 432 nghn ngi/ngy trong tnh n kh nng gia tng dn s khu vc Ha Lc.
Bng 2.5.1 Kt qu d bo nhu cu
(nghn ngi/ngy)
Thi im d bo
2011
2021
2030
2040
on tuyn
2040
(th phn
tng)
2040
D
ton*
166,5
157,7
226,9
228,0
(321,7)
[227,8]
16,6
13,5
11,1
11,2
(16,9)
[11,2]
183,1
171,3
238,1
239,3
(338,6)
[239,0]
199,1
221,3
399,6
410,6
(565,1)
[409,6]
30,0
30,4
32,1
33,0
(49,5)
[32,5]
229,1
251,7
431,8
443,6
(614,6)
[442,1]
Ngun: on Nghin cu
(Ghi ch)
1. Ct Nm 2040 (tng th phn) l gi tr khi ton trong trng hp mc thit lp ban u tng
5% (Xem Bng 2.5.2).
2. Gi tr c d ton da trn s liu d bo dn s trong tng lai c cp nht mi nht t
s liu ca TEDI (T11/2012).
(B sung):
giai on D tho Bo co Cui k vo thng 06 nm 2012, on Nghin cu nhn t TEDI
thng s OD v lu lng giao thng 320 vng H Ni (hin trng nm 2011, d bo nm
2020 v d bo nm 2030), ph hp vi Quy hoch chung Xy dng Th H Ni. S dng s
liu OD ny, on Nghin cu chng ti tin hnh d bo nhu cu cho Tuyn s 5.
Ngoi ra, chng ti cng c c cc s liu dn s ca 500 khu vc ring bit H Ni v
dn s lao ng (hin trng nm 2011, d bo nm 2020-2030-2050). S dng s liu b sung dn
s v s lao ng nm 2040 l thi im trung gian gia nm 2030 v 2040, chng ti tin hnh
d bo OD lu lng giao thng nm 2040.
Thng 11 nm 2012, chng ti nhn thng bo t TEDI rng trong s cc s liu dn s ni trn,
gi tr d bo tng lai (nm 2050-2030-2020) c thay i, v chng ti cng nhn c
cc s liu ny. Ti thi im thng 11 nm 2012, OD lu lng giao thng trong 320 vng ca
thnh ph H Ni m TEDI d bo khng c g thay i. Tuy nhin, c kh nng s c thay i
nhm lm cho ph hp vi Quy hoch chung xy dng th H Ni.
V l do ny, chng ti th hin chnh lch gia gi tr d bo c v gi tr d bo li s
dng gi tr d bo nhu cu cp nht ca Tuyn s 5 nh trnh by Bng 2.5.1. Kt qu cho thy
chnh lch ny l rt nh, ch khong 100 ngi/ngy. Nng thay i so vi d bo ban u l
kh trnh khi v do tc ng ca cc quy hoch giao thng v iu kin ngn sch.
Th phn giao thng ca hnh khch s dng ng st c thit lp mc 10% trong thi
gian u khi a vo khai thc trn c s tham kho gi tr thc t cc nc Chu . Th phn
thi im 2030, khi bt u a giai on 2 vo khai thc, c thit lp mc 15%, vi gi nh
mng li n tr khch ca tuyn ng st c hon thin.
i vi cc ga ln cn khu vc trung tm thnh ph, do khong cch cc nh ga ch khong
2-19
(%)
2012
2021
2030
2040
2040
(th phn tng)
10,0
10,0
15,0
15,0
(20,0)
5,0
5,0
10,0
10,0
(15,0)
Tuyn 2, 3
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
(15,0)
on tuyn
Ngun: on nghin cu
(2) S khc nhau gia kt qu nghin cu ca on nghin cu JICA v TEDI
Mc d cng s dng chung d liu v lu lng pht sinh giao thng (OD) a ra d bo
nhu cu, song kt qu nghin cu ca TEDI ln gp 3~4 ln so vi kt qu ca on nghin cu
JICA.
Nguyn nhn ca s khc bit ny l nh sau:
TEDI s dng trc tip OD ca mi vng. Trong khi , on nghin cu JICA thit lp
phm vi nh hng ca nh ga v cho rng lu lng pht sinh giao thng nhng vng
ngoi phm vi nh hng ca nh ga l khng nh hng n nhu cu giao thng ca
Tuyn 5.
TEDI s dng th phn giao thng (20-30%) vn l d liu mc tiu trong bo co HAIDEP.
Trong khi , tham kho d liu ca cc nc chu , on nghin cu cho rng th phn
giao thng ca Tuyn 5 s l 10% giai on u khi a vo vn hnh v 15% k t sau
nm 2030.
(3) D bo nhu cu theo OD gia cc ga
Nu xt t gi tr d bo nhu cu ca tng OD gia cc ga, nhu cu OD xut pht ga s 13, 14
tng nhanh t nm 2021~2030. c bit, lu lng pht sinh ga s 14 s tng rt nhanh do s
gia tng dn s quy m ln nh s pht trin khu vc Ha Lc.
Vi cc ga khu vc ni thnh thnh ph, nhu cu mt s ga s gim xung t nm
2020~2030.
Bng 2.5.3 Nhu cu trong ma trn OD theo ti hin hin trng
Ngun: on nghin cu
2-20
(hnh khch/ngy)
Ngun: on nghin cu
2-21
(hnh khch/ngy)
2-22
Ngun: on nghin cu
Ngun: on nghin cu
Hnh 2.6.1 nhy ca gi theo nhu cu (d bo ln 1)
(2) Tng doanh thu t v
Tng doanh thu t v hng nm c tnh da trn d bo nhu cu vi mc v 0,5 USD da
trn mc gi v hin ti v gi v xe but hin nay Vit Nam. Khi , tng doanh thu t v s l
2,4 t Yn trong nm 2021 (t ga s 1~10), nm 2030 l 6,0 t Yn (t ga 1~17) vi mc gi c
nh (2011). Nu bao gm c nhu cu hnh khch trung chuyn vi tuyn khc vi mc gi trung
bnh 0,25 USD, th tng doanh thu t v hng nm l 2,5 t Yn trong nm 2021 v trong nm
2030 l 6,3 t Yn vi mc gi v c nh (2011).
2-23
Ngoi ra, tng doanh thu t v cng ph thuc vo co gin ca cu theo gi. C th nh sau:
4,5 t Yn trong nm 2021 ( vi mc v trung bnh l 0,94 USD), trong nm 2030 l 12,1 t Yn
(vi mc v trung bnh l 1,78 USD) tnh theo mc gi hin hnh ti tng thi im.
Vi ng st th, thng thng nguyn gi vn hnh (chi ph vn hnh c bn) s cao hn
nhiu so vi cc mc ny. i vi Tuyn 5, ph dch v phi c thit lp sao cho n v vn
hnh c th hot ng mt cch bn vng v khong chnh lch gia ph dch v vi tng doanh
thu t v phi do Chnh ph Vit Nam m nhn nh chi ph cho d n cng.
Bng 2.6.1 Doanh thu t v da trn d bo nhu cu
(T Yn/nm)
Doanh thu c nh
Doanh thu hin ti
Thi im d bo
(c xem xt ch s gi tiu dng)
(gi nm 2011)
on tuyn
2021
2030
2021
2030
Hnh khch ca Tuyn 5
2,4
6,0
4,5
12,1
2,5
6,3
4,7
12,4
Ngun: on nghin cu
2-24