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    M Phase in An Animal Cell

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    John
    The stages of mitosis and cytokinesis in an animal cell are: 1) Prophase: Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form. 2) Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules. 3) Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell. 4) Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles. 5) Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at poles and the nuclear envelope reforms. 6) Cytokinesis: The cell divides into two through contraction of a ring, forming two daughter cells each with its own nucleus.

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    M Phase in An Animal Cell

    Uploaded by

    John
    185 views2 pages
    The stages of mitosis and cytokinesis in an animal cell are: 1) Prophase: Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form. 2) Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules. 3) Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell. 4) Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles. 5) Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at poles and the nuclear envelope reforms. 6) Cytokinesis: The cell divides into two through contraction of a ring, forming two daughter cells each with its own nucleus.

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    The Principle Stages of M Phase (Mitosis and Cytokinesis) in an Animal Cell

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    M Phase in an Animal Cell

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    The stages of mitosis and cytokinesis in an animal cell are: 1) Prophase: Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form. 2) Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules. 3) Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell. 4) Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles. 5) Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at poles and the nuclear envelope reforms. 6) Cytokinesis: The cell divides into two through contraction of a ring, forming two daughter cells each with its own nucleus.

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    185 views2 pages

    M Phase in An Animal Cell

    Uploaded by

    John
    The stages of mitosis and cytokinesis in an animal cell are: 1) Prophase: Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form. 2) Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules. 3) Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell. 4) Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles. 5) Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at poles and the nuclear envelope reforms. 6) Cytokinesis: The cell divides into two through contraction of a ring, forming two daughter cells each with its own nucleus.

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    of 2

    1072

    PANEL 171: The Principle Stages of M Phase (Mitosis and Cytokinesis) in an Animal Cell

    PROPHASE

    intact
    nuclear
    envelope

    centrosome
    forming
    mitotic
    spindle

    kinetochore
    condensing replicated chromosome, consisting of
    two sister chromatids held together along their length

    PROMETAPHASE

    centrosome
    at spindle
    pole

    kinetochore
    microtubule

    At prophase, the replicated


    chromosomes, each
    consisting of two closely
    associated sister chromatids,
    condense. Outside the
    nucleus, the mitotic spindle
    assembles between the two
    centrosomes, which have
    replicated and moved apart.
    For simplicity, only three
    chromosomes are shown. In
    diploid cells, there would be
    two copies of each chromosome present. In the photomicrograph, chromosomes
    are stained orange and
    microtubules are green.

    Prometaphase starts
    abruptly with the
    fragments of
    nuclear envelope breakdown of the nuclear
    envelope. Chromosomes
    can now attach to spindle
    microtubules via their
    kinetochores and undergo
    active movement.

    chromosome in active motion

    METAPHASE
    centrosome at
    spindle pole

    kinetochore
    microtubule

    At metaphase, the
    chromosomes are aligned
    at the equator of the
    spindle, midway between
    the spindle poles. The
    kinetochore microtubules
    attach sister chromatids to
    opposite poles of the
    spindle.

    1073

    ANAPHASE
    daughter chromosomes

    shortening
    kinetochore
    microtubule

    spindle pole
    moving outward

    TELOPHASE
    set of daughter chromosomes
    at spindle pole
    contractile ring
    starting to
    contract

    overlap
    microtubules

    At anaphase, the sister


    chromatids synchronously
    separate to form two
    daughter chromosomes,
    and each is pulled slowly
    toward the spindle pole it
    faces. The kinetochore
    microtubules get shorter,
    and the spindle poles also
    move apart; both
    processes contribute to
    chromosome segregation.

    During telophase, the two


    sets of daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles of
    the spindle and decondense.
    A new nuclear envelope
    reassembles around each
    set, completing the formation
    of two nuclei and marking
    the end of mitosis. The
    division of the cytoplasm
    begins with contraction of
    the contractile ring.

    centrosome
    nuclear envelope reassembling
    around individual chromosomes

    CYTOKINESIS
    completed nuclear envelope
    surrounds decondensing
    chromosomes

    contractile ring
    creating cleavage
    furrow

    During cytokinesis, the


    cytoplasm is divided in two
    by a contractile ring of
    actin and myosin
    filaments, which pinches
    the cell in two to create
    two daughters, each with
    one nucleus.

    re-formation of interphase
    array of microtubules nucleated
    by the centrosome

    (Micrographs courtesy of Julie Canman and Ted Salmon.)

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