Wa-Acon vs. People G.R. NO. 164575 Criminal Law DOCTRINES: Malversation - Elements: Any Public Officer Who, by Reason of The Duties of His Office
Wa-Acon vs. People G.R. NO. 164575 Criminal Law DOCTRINES: Malversation - Elements: Any Public Officer Who, by Reason of The Duties of His Office
Wa-Acon vs. People G.R. NO. 164575 Criminal Law DOCTRINES: Malversation - Elements: Any Public Officer Who, by Reason of The Duties of His Office
PEOPLE
G.R. NO. 164575
CRIMINAL Law
DOCTRINES: Malversation - Elements: Any public officer who, by reason of the duties of his office,
is accountable for public funds or property, shall appropriate the same, or shall take or misappropriate or
shall consent, or through abandonment or negligence, shall permit any other person to take such public
funds or property, wholly or partially, or shall otherwise be guilty of the misappropriation or malversation
of such funds or property. Elements (Art. 217): 1) offender be a public officer; 2) that the custody or
control of funds or property by reason of the duties of his office; 3) these funds were public funds or
property of which he was accountable; and 4) that he appropriated, took, misappropriated or consented or
through abandonment or negligence, permitted another person to take them.
Presumptions: Presumption of law is sanctioned by a statute prescribing that a certain inference must
be made whenever facts appear which furnish the basis of inference. While presumption of fact which is
conclusion drawn from particular circumstances, the connection between them and the sought for fact
having received such a sanction in experience as to have become recognized as justifying the assumption.
When there is presumption of law, the onus probandi (burden of proof), generally imposed upon the
State, is shifted to the party against whom the inference is made to adduce satisfactory evidence to rebut
the presumption and hence, to demolish the prima facie case.