Evs 2 Mark
Evs 2 Mark
Evs 2 Mark
Unit I
1. Define Environment?
Physical, chemical and biological presence of living and nonliving things outside an individual
species is called as its environment.
Environment can be defined as, Surroundings in which an organization operates, including
air,water,land, natural resources,flora,fauna,humans and inter relation.
2. What are all the categories of environment?
The main categories of environment are biotic and abiotic environments. The abiotic environment
can further be classified into atmosphere (air),lithosphere(soil),and hydrosphere(water). The biotic
environment is called as biosphere.
6. Define ecosystem.
Ecosystem has been defined as a system of interaction of organisms with their surroundings.
Numerous dynamic interaction are occurring with in an ecosystem and these are complex.
(iv). Through the biotic and abiotic components nutrient cycle and energy
flow occur.
8. What are the different types of ecosystem
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Natural Ecosystem
Artificial Ecosystem
Incomplete Ecosystem
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Producers (Autotrophs)
Consumers (Heterotrophs)
Decomposers
Ponds are small fresh water bodies surrounded by land and lakes are large fresh water bodies
surrounded by land. Most of the ponds are seasonal and exist for just few months of a years or more.
Unit II
1. Define Air pollution.
Air pollution may be defined as the presence of impurities in excessive quantity and duration
to cause adverse effects on plants, animals, human beings and materials.
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Natural Sources
Man made or anthropogenic sources
Natural sources include dust storms, volcanoes, lightening sea salt, smoke, forest fires, ect. The man
made sources are agricultural activities, industrial growth, domestic wastes, automobile
exhausts, etc,
8. How can you differentiate point? Source from nonpoint source of pollution.
Point sources discharge pollutant at a specific place through pipe lines, sewer lines, or ditches into
water bodies. Non point sources discharge pollutants from large and scattered area. These sources
have no specific location.
10. How do the nutrients from agricultural fields affect the watershed?
Enrichment of nutrients (Eutrophication) from surrounding watershed affects the penetration of light
through the water, causing damage to the characteristic of water and aquatic life.
Unit III
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Evergreen forests
Deciduous forests.
Coniferous forests.
a o
Steps should be taken by the government to discourage the migration of
people into the islands from mainland.
b o
To counter the depletion of forest areas, tree plantation programs have
been started.
c o
Education and awareness programmes must be conducted.
d o
Strict implementation of law of forest Conservation Act.
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6.
a
b
c
d
e
o
Devegetation and defacing of
landscape.
o
Ground water pollution.
o
Surface water pollution.
o
Air pollution
o
Subsidence of land.
1 Traditional agriculture.
2 Modern agriculture (a) Industrialized agriculture.
12. What are renewable and nonrenewable energy resources? Give examples?
Renewable energy resources are natural resources which can be regenerated continuously and are
inexhaustible. They can be used again and again in an endless manner. Examples:
Non
13. What are the conventional sources of energy for the mankind?
Non renewable energy resources are natural resources, which cannot be regenerated once they are
exhausted. They cannot be used again.
19. Mention the various causes of desertification?
1. Deforestation 2. Over grazing 3. Water management 4. Mining and quarrying 5. Climate change 6.
Pollution.
20. Mention the factors causing soil erosion?
1. Water 2. Wind 3. Biotic agents 4. Landslides 5. Construction.
UNIT IV
ii. Community development (providing food, shelter, cloth, education, and other essentials for the
human beings).
iii. Environmental protection (providing clear air, water and environment for the present and future
generations and utilization of resources in a sustainable manner).
4. Define sustainable development indicators?
Sustainable development Indicators (SDI) are various statistical values that collectively measure the
capacity to meet present and future needs. SDI will provide information crucial to decisions on
national policy and to the general public.
6. Define sustainability.
Sustainability can be defined as the ability of a society or ecosystem to continue functioning into the
indefinite future without being forced into decline through complete loss of its strength or
overloading of key resources on which that system depends.
iv. Only renewable energy will be used in the society, either directly or in the forms of
The production, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial use is
called as water conservation. The following are some of the techniques for water conservation.
20. What are the factors that influence climate change on the earth?
Climate change on the earth is influenced by the following factors.
Variations in the Earths orbital characteristics.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations.
Volcanic eruptions
Variations in solar output.
UNIT V
1.How the population problem in India is analysed?
Indias population problem may be viewed from three aspects
(1) The absolute size of population
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Increased consumption of resources available in the environment and depletion of the same
quickly.
Due to over consumption of natural resources, the environment gets deteriorated and
polluted.
There will be desertification, deforestation, soilerosion, loss of fertility and poor productivity.
Mass poverty, poor percapital availability of food for consumption and prevalence of disease
on large scale.
4. What is health?
5. Define wellness.
s responsibility for making decisions that will lead not only to the prevention for disease but to the
promotion of a high level of health.
Health is considered as a quality of life that enables the individual to live most and serve best.
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Flexibility
Body composition 4
Cardiovascular endurance
7. Define Demography.
It refers to the science of dealing with the study of size, composition and territorial distribution of
population; it includes study of natality,fertility,mortality, migration, and social mobility.
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Right to equality
Right to freedom of Speech and Activity
Right against Exploitation
Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Our environment has a major component that does not belong to individuals. There are several
commonly owned resources that all of us use as a community. The water that nature recycles, t
he air that we all breathe, the forests and grasslands which maintain our climate and soil, are all
common property resources.
Infection with HIV can weaken the immune system to the point that it has difficulty fighting off
certain infections. These types of infections are known as opportunistic infections because they
take the opportunity to weaken the immune system which causes illness of the body.
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By having vaginal, anal or oral sex without a condom with someone who has HIV.
By using needles, syringes or other druginjecting equipment that is infected with HIV.
From a woman with HIV to her baby (before or during birth) and by Breast feeding.
By receiving infected blood, blood products or donated organs as part of medical
treatment.
15. List the special features of Comprehensive programme on women and child welfare.
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Personality
Reduction of Deprivation
Coordinational Effectivity
Maternity and Motherhood
Meterology