Shearing Resistance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self

Consolidating Concrete Beams Without Stirrups

M.Sheik Mohamed1,C.Makendran2
1

Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering,AalimMuhammedSalegh College of

Engineering,Muthapudupet, Avadi-IAF, Chennai -600055,TamilNadu,India

Assistant Professor& Head, Civil Engineering,AalimMuhammedSalegh College of

Engineering, Muthapudupet,
Avadi-IAF, Chennai-600055, TamilNadu,India

--------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present
the results of shear strength of steel fiber
reinforced self consolidating concrete
beams as well as normal concrete beams
made without stirrups. Totally three mixes
representing one for control mix and two
for self consolidating concrete with and
without steel fiber. The beams were
tested under two point loading until shear
failure occurred. The experimental test
parameters included size of coarse
aggregate, percentage of the longitudinal
reinforcement and steel fiber content.
Shear span to effective depth of beams
was
kept
constant
(a/d=1.36).The
performance
of
code
based
design
equations
in
predicting
the
shear
resistance of self consolidating concrete
and ordinary concrete is also presented
and compared with the experimental
results. The beams were tested for
ultimate shear failure and experimental
shear loads were taken for first flexural
crack/diagonal shear crack and ultimate
cracking conditions.
Key Words: Self consolidating concrete, steel
fiber, shear span to effective depth ratio, shear
strength, crack width etc

1.INTRODUCTION
SCC means Self-Consolidating Concrete, or Self
Compacting Concrete has the property of high
flow ability, passing ability and filling ability.
Self-compacting concrete is used to cast
structural elements very rapidly and promotes
faster construction. This type of concrete can be
placed in crowded reinforcement zones without
any difficulty and reduces the mechanical
efforts used for concrete compaction. Self
consolidating
concrete
allows
structural
designers to provide thin concrete sections and
congested reinforcement detailing. It has the
better structural performance in terms of bond

strength, crushing strength etc.SCC now widely

used in all the types of structures all around the
world.SCC uses the industrial wastes as a part
of making concrete, tends to reduce wastage of
industrial wastes and acts as an ecofriendly.
Concrete has low tensile strength and has a
brittle failure in nature. Steel fibers in the
concrete
can
enhance
the
mechanical
properties such as ductility and energy
absorbing capacity underseismic, impact and
blast loading. Steel fibers are also used to
increase the compressive strength, shear
strength and tensile strength of concrete.
Residual shear strength of a beam after shear
cracking remained constant as a/d was
decreased up to 2.5, then it increased rapidly as
a/d was further decreased below 2.5 showing
minimum capacity at a/d = 2.5. Both ACI code
and Zsuttys equations gave conservative value
especially for a/d less than 2.5[1].Shear
strength of rectangular fiber reinforced concrete
beams depends mostly on the shear span-todepth ratio, reinforcement ratio, concrete
strength, and fiber properties [3]. Anticipated
shear failure of light weight concrete beams
without shear reinforcement tended to be
brittle; higher the concrete compressive
strength, greater the brittleness became.
Beams with a/dof 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5, under
design loads mostly fail in concrete crushing
above the inclined cracks, while beams with
a/dof 3.0 may fail by bond failure attributed to
splitting
of
bond
along
the
tension
reinforcement
[5].
As
the
longitudinal
reinforcement decreased, there was an observe
reduction in concrete shear strength [8]. SCC
beams showed lower ultimate shear strength
than the normal concrete beams. The shear
strength reduction was higher in deeper beams
with lower reinforcement ratios [9]. Optimum
fiber content was governed by the workability
requirements of the concrete mix [10]. A
significant increase in the shear capacity is
observed
by
providing
orthogonal
web
reinforcement and a desired mode of ductile
failure can be achieved through orthogonal web
reinforcement [19].SudheerReddyet al [20]
studied shearing resistance high strength

beams without web reinforcement. An attempt

had been made to study shear strength of high
strength concrete beams (70 Mpa) with different
shear span to depth ratios (a/d = 1, 2, 3 & 4)
without web reinforcement and compared the
test results with the available shear models
namely, American Concrete Institute, Canadian
Standard, CEPFIP Model, Zsutty Equation and
Bazant Equation. The results revealed that the
most excellent fit for the test data was provided
by Zsuttys Equation. The authors believed that
the factor of safety for shear should be greater
than for flexure (when the areas of flexural and
shear reinforcement equal that required for
strength) as shear failure occurred suddenly
with little if any warning [21].

Design shear strength of concrete,

c=

0.85 ( 0.8 f ck ) ( 1+ 5 )1
6

(N/mm2)

[1]
=0.8fck/6.89pt or 1 whichever is greater.
Where, fck = characteristic compressive strength
of concrete (N/mm2), = empirical factor, pt =
longitudinal tension steel (%).
According to British Standard (BS) [4] shear
strength of concrete members is given by
Design shear stress,

vc=

( )(
0.79
m

100 A s
bv d

( 13 )

1
( )
4

f cu
25

1
( )
3

)( )( )
400
d

(N/mm2)

[2]

2. SHEAR CONCEPT
From the theory of mechanics, shear force is
nothing but unbalance vertical force acting
either to the left or right of the section.
Shearing force acts in beams when there is
change in bending moment along the span.i.e,
this force is equal to the rate of change of
bending moment. Normally shear forces are
classified into two types i.e. vertical shear force
and horizontal shear force. The horizontal shear
force occurs in beams when they are subjected
to bending stresses. The vertical shear force
present in beams when they are subjected to
zero bending stresses. From the principle of
complementary shear, vertical shear forces are
always accompanied with the horizontal shear
forces. These forces are very much predominant
in beams as they cause severe deformation and
lead to cause failure of structures. The main
obstacle behind in shear transfer mechanism is
the number of parameters involved and these
parameters are yet to be known. In the
contribution of shear strength of concrete,
especially in beam mechanism aggregate
interlock mechanism is the for most one
resisting shear force. Even in arch action
compression strut promotes most of the shear
resistance depends on the size of coarse
aggregate. Normally, SCC is the type of
concrete in which the amount of coarse
aggregate content and maximum nominalsize
of coarse aggregate is less when compared to
normal concrete. The above factor has to be
studied in SCC in order to predict the shear
strength of concrete.

3.
DESIGN
EQUATIONS
FOR
SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
According to Indian standard (IS) [15] shear
strength of concrete members is given by

K=

400
d

1
( )
4

( )

= size effect factors and should

not be less than 0.67 and pt% should not be

greater than 3.0. This formula gives values of v c
for concrete grade 25. For higher grades of
concrete, values should be multiplied by (f cu/25)
(1/3)
. The value of fcu should not be greater than
40.where, m = safety factor for concrete =1.25,
As = area of main tension reinforcement (mm 2),
bv = width of beam (mm), d = effective depth of
beam (mm), fcu =concrete cube compressive
strength (N/mm2)
According to Japanese Society of Civil
Engineering (JSCE)[17] shear strength of
concrete members is given by
Design shear capacity,

Vcd=

0.2 d p n f
b

1
( )
3
cy

bd

(kN)

(3)
d=((1000/d)(1/4))1.5, p=(100pt)(1/3)1.5, n=1,
Where, fcy = compressive strength of cylinder at
28 days (N/mm2), n = coefficient to consider
effect of axial force on shear capacity, d =
coefficient to consider effect of effective depth
on shear capacity, n = coefficient to consider
effect of longitudinal reinforcement on shear
capacity, d= effective depth of beam (mm), b
= member factor = 1.3.b=width of beam(mm)
According to Authors equation, Shear strength
of concrete members is given by

VC =

(V cs +V ts )
(kN)when 1<(a/d)<2.5
b
[4]

Where, Vcs=0.125bdcz

Vts= 12.5Ast (

f ck

(kN),

L
(0.01)
(kN)
D ) fck

VC = shear strength of concrete (kN), Vcs =

shear resistance of compression strut (kN), V ts =
shear resistance of tension tie (kN), d cz =depth
of compression zone of beam (mm), L = span of
beam (mm), D = overall depth of beam (mm),
Ast= area of main tension reinforcement (mm2),
b = safety factor for beam = 1.20.

3.1 Flexural cracking moment

According to American concrete constitute (ACI)
[2] flexural cracking moment is given by
Cracking

moment,

(Nmm)

Mcr=

(0.62( f cy )0.5 I g )
yt

[5]

Where, Ig= moment of inertia of gross section

(mm4), yt = distance of centroidal axis of gross
section (mm).fcy= compressive strength of
cylinder at 28 days (N/mm2)
According to Canadian Standards Association
(CSA) [6] flexural cracking moment is given by,

Mcr=

(0.6(f cy )0.5 I g )
(Nmm)
yt

[6]
According Indian standard[15] flexural cracking
moment is given by

Mcr=

(0.7(f ck )0.5 I g)
yt

(Nmm)

[7]

4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
In this work, totally three mixes were adopted in
which NC represents Normal Concrete, SCC
means Self Consolidating Concrete and SCCF
means Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Consolidating
Concrete. In the normal concrete, coarse
aggregate size of 20mm was used. In the first
mix of self consolidating concrete, coarse
aggregate size of 12.5mm was used and the
steel fiber added self consolidating concrete
coarse aggregate size of 20mm was used. For
every mix, both rheological properties and
mechanical properties were found out. For

finding of compressive strength,

totally
eighteen cubes of side 150mm were cast and
test carried out at 7th and 28th day. Similarly, for
finding of indirect tensile strength of concrete,
totally nine cylinders of size 150mm diameter
and 300mm height were cast and test carried
out at 28thday.For computing shear strength of
concrete,
totally
nine
beams
of
size
1000mmx150mmx250mm were cast and test
carried out at 28thday. For every mix, three
beams were cast and with three different
reinforcement ratios ranging from 0.25, 0.5 and
one %. All the specimens were cast in steel
moulds and in a single batch. The inside faces
of the moulds were applied with grease to
prevent water absorption and for providing
better
surface
finishability.
The
control
specimens were compacted using needle
vibrator and the SCC specimens compacted
without
any
mechanical
devices.
The
reinforcement was carefully placed inside the
mould and concrete was filled from one side.
The specimens were cured for a period 28 days
after stripping of specimens from moulds.

4.1 Materials
The cement used in all mixes was Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC) had the compressive
strength of 43N/mm2.The specific gravity of the
cement was found out be as 3. The initial and
final setting times were found as 80minutes and
620 minutes respectively. The fine and coarse
aggregates conform to IS 383 [13] standards
used in this work. The sand passed through
4.75mm Indian Standard (IS) sieve was used.
The specific gravity and fineness modulus of
fine aggregate were found as 2.65 and 3.18.The
water absorption and moisture content of fine
aggregate were found as 0.8% and 2%.The
coarse aggregate passed through 75mm IS
sieve was used. The specific gravity and
fineness modulus of coarse aggregate were
found as 2.8 and 6.75.The water absorption and
moisture content of coarse aggregate were
found as 0.6% and 1%.Class F type Fly ash used
as a powder material conform to IS 3812[14]
and obtained from Tuticorin thermal power
plant, Tamil Nadu, India was used in this study.
Class F type fly ash had the specific gravity of
2.Enfiq Super Plast-400 was used with a specific
gravity of 1.19as a super plasticizer. Cera Hyper
Plast XR W-40 was used in this study with a
specific gravity of 1.11 as a viscosity modifying
admixture. Shaktiman MSH 10050 steel fiber of
diameter 1 mm, fiber had a tensile strength
1100 Mpa. The aspect ratio of fibers was
50.TulysanNec Fe 415 High Yield Strength
Deformed bars (HYSD) was used with a yield
and ultimate strength of 415N/mm2 and
710N/mm2.

4.2 Mix design

In this study, two types of concrete were used. The mixes
were designed for M30.The normal concrete mix design was

carried out by IS 10262:2009[16].The ratio of normal

concrete, 1:1.76:3.45:0.42.The Self compacting concrete
mix design was carried out by European guidelines as per
European Federation for Specialist Construction Chemicals
and Concrete Systems [7].The powder content (cement and
fillers) was fixed as 450kg/m3.Fly ash occupied 20% of
powder content. The super plasticizer and stabilizer dosages
were fixed at 1.5% and 1% of powder content. The initial
mix design ratio was to be 1:1.81:1.6:0.38.After that, several
trials were conducted on SCC in order to ensure both fresh
and mechanical properties. The fiber addition added in last
SCC mix, also optimized as a one percent of cement
content. The final ratio of SCC, 1:2:1.9:0.42.

4.3 Test procedure

Once the beam specimens were taken out from
the curing, the test beams were cleaned and
white washed to assist for crack detection. The
specimens were tested under two point loading
Mix
Slump Compaction Slump
Vtype

value

factor

(mm)

flow

Funnel

(mm)

Time

(s)
NC
80
0.87
SCC
730
5.8
SCCF
690
6.6
until shear failure occurred. Fig.1 shows test
setup for beams under two point loading. The
center to center distance between the bottoms
beds assemblies of rollers kept constant at
900mm.The loading configuration was arranged
keeping the shear span constant at 300 mm
yielding a shear span-to-depth ratio of 1.36.In
order to avoid the sudden shear failure the
reinforcement was provided with L-bend as
shown in Fig.1.The load was applied to the
specimens gradually with the help of hydraulic
jack. The loads were taken for fist flexural,
diagonal and ultimate cracking conditions. The
tests also gave information about development
of cracks, crack widths, crack pattern, shear
transfer mechanism and failure modes.

Fig-1: Test setup (dimensions are in mm)

Mix

NC

Average
7 days
compress
ive
strength
(N/mm2)
23.5

Average
28 days
compress
ive
strength
(N/mm2)
35

Average
28days
split
tensile
strength
(N/mm2)
2.3

SCC

16.8

31

1.9

SCC
F

19

33

1.1

5.
TEST
DISCUSSION

RESULTS

AND

The fresh properties as well as hardened

properties were found out by conducting both
workability tests and shear test.The test results
are given below with detailed explanations.

5.1 Rheological properties

Table 1 shows the workability of concrete mixes.
The fresh properties for both ordinary and self
consolidating concrete mix were taken. For
control concrete slump value and compaction
factor tests were carried out as per normal
concrete procedures. The results for controlled
concrete based on slump value and compaction
factor showed medium degree of workability.
For self consolidating concrete, the workability
tests were carried out as per European mix
design guide lines. The test results showed
better workability for SCC mixes. The SCC mix
had a very good slump flow and V-funnel values
due to addition of appropriate percentage of fly
ash and super plasticizer content. The mix of
SCC without steel fiber showed better
workability than SCC with steel fiber. The steel
fiber affects the self consolidating concrete
workability namely slump and V-funnel. The
fresh properties of steel fiber reinforced self
consolidating concrete was not affected too
much by the steel fiber due to the lesser
addition of fiber content.
Table- 1:Workability of concrete mixes

5.2 Mechanical properties

Table 2 shows the stiffened properties of
concrete. The test results showed compressive
strength and split tensile strength of concrete.
The rate of strength development of 7 days to
28 days ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 for all the mixes.
The rate of strength development in SCC mixes
was slow when compared to normal concrete.
This was due to addition of filler material of fly
ash retarded the compressive strength growth
rate. It was also observed that SCCF mix
showed compressive strength as very close to
ordinary concrete. It was due to increase in size
of aggregate in the SCCF mix from 12.5 mm to
20mm. But the SCC mixes showed considerable
amount of increase in compressive strength at
28 days. The steel fiber addition in SCC
contributed sufficient amount of split tensile
strength as closer to normal concrete. The plain
mix of SCC showed less amount of split tensile
strength.
Table- 2:Compressive and split tensile strength
of mixes

5.3 Shear strength

Table 3, 4 and Chart 1 show the experimental
and theoretical shear loads of concrete. The
analytical results obtained based on various
code provisions and also with the proposed
empirical formulae without considering safety
factors. The proposed empirical equation
suggested based on empirical analysis. The
loads obtained from experiment were converted
into shear loads. The loads obtained for first
flexural crack (Vfc) diagonal shear crack (Vsc)and
ultimate cracking conditions (Vu).The numerical
numbers indicated on the mixes i.e. 1, 2, 3
denoted the reinforcement ratios from 0.25, 0.5
and one. The results indicated shearing
resistance of concrete. Shearing resistance of
concrete is the resistance of concrete up to
formation of diagonal shear crack. From, Fig.2
the experimental results clearly showed that,
the post cracking shear resistance of concrete
beams more or less same with the diagonal
shearing resistance. This showed that concrete
did not have the ultimate shear resistance when
compared with shearing resistance of concrete.
The variation between the experimental shear
loads of first flexural crack and diagonal crack
of all beams also less but mainly varied due to
the increase in amount of main tension
reinforcement as well as increase in size of
coarse aggregate. The SCCF mix had higher
ultimate shear strength when compared with all
the mixes. All the major codes safely predicted
the shear strength of concrete even without
safety factors. The Indian code estimated shear
strength slightly higher when compared with
the JSCE and authors empirical equation. When
compared to IS code, BS code estimated shear
strength of concrete slightly higher and at the
same time BS code estimated shear strength
value closer to experimental results. Japanese
code also predicted ultimate shear strength of
concrete was at the slower rate. The proposed
equation for the arch-rib mechanism formed to
yield lower bound solutions, in which rate of
shear strength prediction was slow when
compared to code predictions and yielding safer
results for the experimental results. This
proposed equation estimated results very close
to Japanese code and also predicted test results
at slower rate.
Table- 3:Experimental shear loads(kN)
Beam

Vfc

Vsc

Vu

NC-1
NC-2
NC-3
SCC-1
SCC-2
SCC-3
SCCF-1
SCCF-2
SCCF-3

19.6
22.05
23.03
18.13
19.6
22.05
19.62
24.53
26.95

20.87
26.46
29.89
18.64
21.06
27.94
20.11
25.9
31.85

25.68
27.17
36.27
23.03
25.51
28.94
23.54
29.4
36.6

Table- 4:Theoretical shear loads (kN)

Beam

IS

BS

JSCE

NC-1

14.8
5
23.1
0
32.6
7
16.5
23.1
0
32.6
4
16.5

22.74

18.81

Author
s
17.57

30.36

23.58

23.68

34.14

29.85

28.32

21.84
29.02

18
22.65

18
24.06

32.80

28.67

28.73

22.31

18.44

18.38

23.1
0
32.6
3

29.55

23.13

24.46

33.50

29.27

29.13

NC-2
NC-3
SCC-1
SCC-2
SCC-3
SCCF1
SCCF2
SCCF3

S
h
a
e
r
l
o
a
d
(
k
N
)

40
35
30
25

Vfc

20
15

Vsc

10

IS

5
0

BS

Vu

JSCE
Author's
Beam name

Chart-1: Experimental and theoretical loads

5.4 Flexural cracking moment

Table 5 shows the experimental and theoretical
cracking moments. The cracking moment
results
obtained
from
the
experiments
compared with the code predictions. The
following table shows the cracking moment
results of various mixes. The experimental loads

converted into shear loads to predict the

experimental cracking moment. The moment is
obtained for first flexural cracking load and
ultimate cracking load. As similar to the case of
shear strength, flexural cracking moment
directly increased with increase in area of
longitudinal reinforcement, size of coarse
aggregate and characteristic compressive
strength of concrete. The test results showed
gradual increment of moment values of
cracking and ultimate moment. The normal and
self consolidating concrete beams with higher
percentage of main tension reinforcement had
the
maximum
ultimate
moment.
The
standardized codes predicted initial cracking
moment based upon the compressive strength
of concrete. The Canadian code estimated
flexural cracking moment very less. Indian code
predicted flexural cracking moment better than
other codes. At the same time American code
safely predicted flexural cracking moment.
Table-5: Experimental& theoretical cracking
moments

1
SCCF6
230
10
SC
2
SCCF6
240
8
SC
3
DT-Diagonal tension, SC-Shear compression, BFBearing failure

5.6 Failure behavior

The failure behavior beams under shear failure
are described in a detail manner as given below.
The failure modes also play an important role in
predicting shearing strength capacity of beams.

5.6.1 Diagonal tension failure

This kind of failure observed in NC-1 beam.
Initially flexural cracks are appeared and then
flexure shear cracks originate from the final
flexural crack. Due to the increase in load this
type of crack propagates gradually until it
Beam

5.5 Cracking study and mode of

failure
Table 6 shows details of cracks in beams. Cracks developed
for every beam in terms of its height, number of cracks,
maximum crack width and maximum crack height at failure
stages were noted. The beams with higher longitudinal
reinforcement generated cracks more when compared to
beams with lower reinforcement content. Self consolidating
concrete beams developed less cracks as compared to
normal concrete beams. The propagation of cracks from its
originating point towards loading point were increased with
increase in size of coarse aggregate and percentage of
longitudinal reinforcement. But in case of anchorage failure,
the height of crack at failure contrast to the other failure
mode conditions. The crack width at failure stage reduced
with increase in longitudinal reinforcement. Generated crack
width in the SCC with fiber added was less as compared to
normal concrete. It proved that steel fibers were better crack
arresters.
Table-6: Details of cracks in beams
Beam

NC-1
NC-2
NC-3
SCC-1
SCC-2
SCC-3
SCCF-

No. of
crack
s at
failur
e

4
7
10
3
4
4
5

Maxim
um
height
of
crack
at
failure
(mm)
202
208
220
223
230
238
212

Maximu
m width
of crack
at
failure
(mm)

20
10
7.5
5
3.5
2.3
14

Mode
of failure

Mcr
(kNm
)

Mu
(kNm
)

Theoretical
cracking moment
Mcr
(kNm)
ACI
CSA
IS
NC-1
5.88
7.70
5.27
5.1
5.96
1
NC-2
6.62
8.15
5.27
5.1
5.96
1
NC-3
6.91 10.88 5.27
5.1
5.96
1
SCC-1
5.44
6.91
4.96
4.8
5.61
SCC-2
5.88
7.65
4.96
4.8
5.61
SCC-3
6.62
8.68
4.96
4.8
5.61
SCCF5.88
7.06
5.12
4.9
5.78
1
6
SCCF7.36
8.82
5.12
4.9
5.78
2
6
SCCF8.08 10.98 5.12
4.9
5.78
3
6
reaches the loading point. While no web-shear
cracks were observed, the outer most flexure
crack in the shear span propagated diagonally
towards the loading point. This type of failure
crack pattern usually has greater crack width
and originates either left or right end support of
beam.

5.6.2 Bearing failure

DT
SC
SC
BF
BF
BF
SC

This kind of failure observed in three beams of

SCC without fiber. In this case, the shear crack
is carried as an inclined between load and
reaction that almost eliminates ordinary
diagonal tension concepts. Normally an inclined
crack travelled from loading point to the
supporting point.

5.6.3 Shear compression failure

This kind of failure observed in remaining

beams. This type failure takes place either by
crushing of reduced concrete section above the
tip of the crack under combined shear and
compression is known as shear compression
failure. In this failure, the beam behaved like a
tied arch. The load was carried by direct
compression between the load and the reaction
point and by tension in the longitudinal steel.

[5]

[6]

6. CONCLUSIONS
Thecompressive strength for SCC mixes
increased as the size of coarse aggregate
changed from 12.5mm to 20mm. The
workability properties for SCC mixes slightly
reduced due to increase in coarse aggregate
size and also addition of steel fiber. Shear
strength self consolidating concrete beams
were gradually increased due to the increase in
percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, size
of coarse aggregate and steel fiber content. The
British code estimated shear strength of
concrete slightly higher and yielding good
results when compared to other codes. The
shear strength results obtained from proposed
empirical equation were closed to Japanese
code equation results. The prediction of flexural
cracking moment has high accuracy in Indian
code as compared with Canadian and American
codes. Crack growths in normal concrete beams
were more as compared to self compacting
beams. The failure pattern in terms of the shear
was not same mode in all beams. It was
observed that, perfect arch-rib mechanism was
formed in five out of nine beams. Bearing failure
was observed in SCC beams without steel fiber.
Diagonal tension failure occurred in a single
beam associated with large crack width. These
types of shear failures always revealed that
shear transfer mechanisms in concrete complex
criteria, cant be predicted with high accuracy.

[2]

[3]

[4]

CSA CAN3-A23.3,Design
Structures,
Canadian
Association,
Rexdale
Canada,2004.

of

Concrete
Standards
Ontario

[7] EFNARC,Specification and guide lines for

self
compacting
concrete,European
Federation for Specialist Construction
Chemicals and Concrete Systems, United
Kongdom,2002.
[8]

Eric TomposJ,Robert frosh J,Influence of

beam size, longitudinal reinforcement and
stirrup effectiveness on concrete shear
strength,ACI
Structural
Journal,vol.99,pp.559-567,Sep-Oct.2002.

[9]

Hassan
AAA,
Hossain
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BIOGRAPHIES
Mr.M.Sheik
Mohamed
is
currently working as an
Assistant
Professor,
Department
of
Civil
Engineering
in
AalimMuhammedSalegh
College
of
Engineering,
Chennai.He had totally 3.5
years
experience
in
construction, design and

teaching and his area of

interests
in
Concrete
Technology,
Analysis
of
Structures and Design of
Structures.
Mr.C.Makendran working as
an Assistant Professor and
Head, Department of Civil
Engineering
in
AalimMuhammedSalegh
College
of
Engineering,
Chennai, He had totally 7
years
experience
in
Industry and teachingand
his area of interest in
Transportation with urban
planning. He had published
paper in International paper.