APRIL 2005 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 6

A NEWSLETTER FOR WATER FOR ASIAN CITIES PROGRAMME IN MADHYA PRADESH (INDIA)

ADB Explores the Feasibility of Small Scale Piped Water

Systems for Indore and Jabalpur • UN-Secretary Gen-
eral Kofi Annan
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is proposing to based organizations, along with the ADB and UN- visited New Delhi
implement pilot projects on small piped water net- HABITAT. on a four day visit
works in four cities in 3 developing member coun-
tries, namely: (i) India (Ahmedabad in Gujarat); (ii) The time frame for putting the systems in place is to India, Nane An-
Philippines (Kabisig and BASECO Compound in three months and the project is expected to be com- nan, wife of UN-
Metro Manila); and (iii) Viet Nam (Ho Chi Minh City). pleted by the end of the year. Once this works in two Secretary General
project cities, scaling it up and applying it to all the
It is an established fact that in most Asian countries cities will take another year or two. accompanied him
less than 35% of urban population receive piped during his visit.
water in their home. Very few households have their A joint ADB – UN HABITAT mission will visit Indore
own wells and the remainder are served by stand- and Jabalpur on 18-20 May 2005 to formulate the
posts, tanker deliveries or water vendors. This leads Small Piped Water Network (SPWN) pilot projects in
to the dual problem of high costs and inconvenience. these cities following the strategies in ADB’s pro- • WaterAID India
The inherent simplicity of the small scale piped water posed Small Piped Water Network Projects. has brought out
system, which can tackle both the above mentioned status reports on
problems, makes it one of the most appropriate Drinking Water
technology option for the cities. and Sanitation in
The purpose of the pilot projects is to demonstrate M.P. and India
that it is possible to quickly improve the lives of the
urban poor and disadvantaged by connecting them
to piped water. It will show that with the appropriate
support to small–scale water providers and home-
owner associations, it is possible through the devel-
opment of SPWNs to give immediate relief to many
people.
The ADB’s rationale for setting up of several pilots in
Philippines, Vietnam and India is to test the rapid
connection of people to piped water. In order to be
able to efficiently undertake this, ADB needs to carry
out water audits in the two cities in Madhya Pradesh
namely Jabalpur and Indore, before upscaling.
These audits will be carried out through household
questionnaires focusing on water usage, source,
quality, quantity and so on, and will cover peri-urban
areas as well. This will be followed by an analysis of
these audits and discussions of the same with the Inside this issue:
larger community to take decisions on the intricacies
of registering providers and training in O & M to take TSC in Rural India 2
forward pilots. Stakeholder consultations will also be
essential to ensure that the technical aspects of Building Dignity not 3
individual household sanitation, drainage and solid Toilets
waste disposal are looked into. The project partners
will essentially be the municipal corporations, local
Sanitation Coverage in 3
banks, the water providers, urban planning consult-
India
ants, non-government organizations and community
CSD-13 Focuses on Water 4
and Sanitation
WATER FOR ASIAN CITIES PROGRAMME IN INDIA

Moving Towards Total Sanitation in Rural India

The Total Sanitation Campaign is changing the sanitation scenario Gender and Equity Concerns: Recognizing that women have a particu-
across the country. While the programme is currently being imple- larly important role to play in sanitary sector since they are often the
mented in 350 districts of the country, it plans to cover all 594 districts primary collectors, transporters of domestic water and promoters of
by the end of the 10th Five Year Plan (2007). domestic sanitary activities, gender is a particular focus in the TSC. One
The Campaign Objectives: The Campaign views the sanitation prob- of the components of TSC is construction of Women Sanitary Com-
lem holistically and looks at important tools and approaches that cre- plexes. These complexes may be set up in a place in the village accept-
ate demand for sanitation. The Major objectives of TSC are to: able to women and accessible to them. School sanitation is also an
important component, wherein special emphasis is laid on toilets for girls
• Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in in schools.
the rural areas.
• Accelerate sanitation coverage.
• Use awareness and health education to generate demand.
• Cover all schools and anganwadis (child care centers) in
rural areas with sanitation facilities
• Technology development and application to be cost effective.
• Undertake efforts to prevent water borne diseases.
Implementation of TSC: The scheme is implemented through support
from Government of India and the respective State/Union Territory
(UT) Governments. The States/UTs draw up a TSC project for select
districts for Government of India assistance. At the district level the
Zilla Panchayats implement the projects. At the Block and Panchayat
level, the Panchayat Samiti and Gram Panchayat implement it. Such
TSC project implementation in the Project Districts is expected to take Achievements
about 3-5 years of implementation. TSC is being implemented cur- Of the 138.2 million rural households in India (2001) nearly 3.3 million
rently in 350 districts of the country. The coverage is to be progres- have constructed household toilets with supports from the TSC. Over 1,
sively increased to cover the entire country and aanganwadi activities 000 women sanitary complexes and 41,000 school toilets have been
for sanitation are started thereafter. built. Apart from this support facilities such as Rural Sanitary Marts
In the last phase, the physical construction of toilets begins in house- (RSMs) and PCs have been set up. All this has been achieved at a total
holds, schools, anganwadis and community complexes are taken up. cost of just over Rs.2.92 billion (approximately US $ 62 million).
TSC Projects in Madhya Pradesh
TSC PRINCIPLES In the year 2000 Government of India had selected 67 districts from 22
states for piloting of Sector Reforms & Total Sanitation Campaign. Five
• Demand driven
districts of Madhya Pradesh namely, Gwalior, Hoshangabad, Narsingh-
• Community driven and people centered pur, Raisen & Sehore were included in the TSC Project. At present, all
• Campaign mode approach the 45 districts of Madhya Pradesh are under Total Sanitation Campaign
• Focus on IEC
•
•
Alternative delivery mechanisms
Strong focus on schools sanitation and hygiene promotion
Forthcoming Events: 6th Global Forum
• Involvement of cooperatives, women groups, self-help groups, youth clubs, NGOs, on Reinventing Governance, Seoul, Korea
etc.
UN-HABITAT in collaboration with the Ministry of Government Admini-
• Cost-sharing in construction of sanitation facilities and operation and maintenance.
stration and Home Affairs of Korea and Korean Institute of Public Admini-
stration is organizing a workshop on access to service for all through
Marketing ‘Sanitation’: Some innovative approaches and tools that participation and accountability in Seoul, Korea from 25-27 May 2005.
help in delivering the targets of TSC include setting up of Rural Sani- The workshop aims to: Discuss the role of governance in achieving the
tary Marts (RSMs) and Production Centers (PCs). The Mart is an MDGs for basic services; Identify the role of governments, markets and
outlet where both the materials required for the construction of sanitary civil society in providing basic services; discuss institutional frameworks
facilities as well as guidance for the most technologically and finan- required for enhanced accountability and transparent governance for
cially suitable options for the area are provided. Long handled ladles basic service delivery; identify tools for increasing access to basic ser-
for drinking water pots, brooms and brushes and other items related to vices; and share experience of best practices and leadership.
sanitation and personal hygiene is sold. In areas where arsenic or
fluoride contamination is a problem, some enterprising RSMs also sell The three days workshop will focus on several themes which inter alia,
drinking water purification filters for domestic use in varying price include (a) Good Governance and meeting the MDGs in basic service
ranges. One RSM typically covers about 25,000 families. The sales delivery (b) Institutional options for good governance (c) Putting low-
from these marts are increasing; with successful marts selling about income residents at the centre of governance for basic services and (d)
1500 pan annually. Panchayats or NGOs with suitable experience run Tools for access to services. Mr. Satya Prakash, Principal Secretary,
these marts and centers. The PCs are involved in the manufacture of Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, will be among the most eminent speaker and
pans and traps, pit lining rings etc. are locally manufactured in PCs. Resource Person in this workshop.

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 APRIL 2005 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 6

“Unheard Voices of Women” at CSD-13

A Side Event on Unheard Voices of Women was organised by UN- developing countries to spread awareness on these issues and also to
HABITAT at CSD-13 on April 18, 2005 at New York. The session was make available the facilities of water and sanitation. Hon’ble Minister
chaired by Mrs. Nane Annan and the panelists were experts from different Mutagamba emphasized on the need of improving delivery mechanisms
parts of the World. They comprised of Policy Makers, Social Activists and and political will of the countries. Region/ Country specific solutions and
others representing the Unheard Voices of Women suffering from lack of case studies were also discussed by Hon’ble Carmen Arevalo, Vice-
water and sanitation. Mrs. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka, Executive Director, Minister, Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development,
UN-HABITAT welcomed the participants and reiterated UN-Habitat’s com- Colombia and Hon’ble Penelope Beckles, Minister of Public Utilities and
mitment to facilitate access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation the Environment, Trinidad and Tobago in their speeches.
to all. The other Panelists were Hon’ble Maria Mutagamba, Minister of
State for Water, Uganda and Chair, African Ministerial Council for Water The other Unheard Women’s Voices were brought to the forum from
(AMCOW), Hon’ble Carmen Arevalo, Vice-Minister, Ministry of Environ- Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean by Ms. Doris Marealle,
ment, Housing and Territorial Development, Colombia, Hon’ble Hilde Tanzania Women Land Access Trust, Ms. Anita Miya, Aga Khan Planning
Frafjord Johnson, Minister of International Development, Norway, Hon’ble and Building Service (India), Mrs. Mariela Garcia Vargas, Instituto Cinara,
Penelope Beckles, Minister of Public Utilities and the Environment, Trinidad (Columbia). These were true stories of young girls and women who spoke
and Tobago, Ms. Susmita Shekhar, Vice President, Sulabh International of their intense suffering. The Four Major Issues of Security, Health,
Social Service Organisation, (India) and Ms. Maria Arce Moreira, Executive Privacy and Human Dignity was common in all the presentations. Sexual
Secretary, Gender and Water Alliance, (Netherlands) Representative Huai- assault, lack of safety, discontinuity of School education etc were some of
rou Commission. Mrs. Annan in her address said that Water and Sanitation the problems discussed by the panelists. Ms. Susmita Shekhar and Ms.
was the key to development for all countries. She shared her deep con- Maria Arce Moreira, reacting to an Intervention said that education in
cern for girls dropping out of schools due to lack of sanitation facilities in water and sanitation should be broad based. Information, Education and
developing countries. The event started with a curtain raiser film made by Awareness levels should be increased in the remotest villages amongst
Sulabh International Academy of Environmental Sanitation in partnership the poor and the rich, young and old alike. The deliberation brought out
with UN-HABITAT. The film depicted the pains and problems of young the need for a Pro-poor approach by all developing countries and effec-
girls and women who don’t have access to safe drinking water and ade- tive delivery systems to reach the MDG’s. Need of Sensitization and
quate sanitation. In this session the Policy Makers commitment to provide awareness amongst all Stakeholders be it Government, Social Sector or
better sanitation facilities in schools and to the economically weak slum the Beneficiaries was also underlined.
dwellers came out clear and strong. Hon’ble Minister Johnson of Norway Contributed by Ms. Sushmita Shekhar, Vice President, Sulabh International Social Service
said in her speech that her country recognized the daunting task of the Organization (India)

Some Unheard Voices of underprivileged Women Sanitation Coverage in India

“To bathe we all go to ‘tabela’ (cattle shed) as there is water. But the
landlord shouts at us. He says the water is for the cattle not for you all.”

Disability

“One I am a woman and then I am handicapped, .…. because of my leg,

I cannot get up and sit again whenever a man passes by. They (men)
complain to my husband. During times of periods it is even more unbear-
able. I am only 18 and have already given up hope of a better life.”

Resignation

“The nightmare begins in the monsoons, when the wada becomes mired
in human excreta and mud. There is so much filth that it stays in your
mind. Sometimes I feel like vomiting when I come back and do not feel
like eating food.”

Equity & Empowerment

“Even though the scheme made it compulsory and allocated funds for
toilets, my husband constructed a boundary wall for the house instead.
His priorities are clearly elsewhere”.

Aspirations

“I have just one dream. When we get a house, we have in it a separate

toilet and bathroom facility.”
As Presented by Ms. Anita Miya, Programme Manager, Aga Khan Planning and Building
Service, India at CSD-13 in New York

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WATER FOR ASIAN CITIES PROGRAMME IN INDIA

“CSD-13 Focuses on Water and Sanitation”

The Commission on Sustainable Development in its decisions
adopted at its thirteenth session in New York from 11-22 April 2005
has emphasized that the achievement of water, sanitation and human
settlement goals is critical to the implementation of sustainable devel-
opment goals. The Commission has further emphasized the need for
a substantial increase of resources from all sources as the invest-
ments in water, sanitation and human settlements contribute to both
economic growth and reduction in poverty.
In order to ensure better access to basic water services and Inte-
grated Water Resources Management (IWRM), the Commission has
made several recommendations to take action. These, inter alia,
include:
(a) Sustain and accelerate progress toward the water access goal,
supported by increased resources from all sources, including ODA, in
response to countries’ needs.
(b) Develop and strengthen human and institutional capacities for
effective water management and service delivery.
© Develop and transfer low-cost technologies for safe water supply
and treatment, in accordance with countries’ needs.
(d) Accelerate the provision of technical and financial assistance to
countries in preparing nationally-owned IWRM and water-efficiency
plans tailored to country-specific needs, paying particular attention to
economic development, social and environmental needs and support-
ing implementation through learning-by-doing.
(e) Develop and strengthen national monitoring systems on the quan-
tity, quality and use of surface and groundwater resources at national
and local levels.
(f) Support more effective water demand and water resource man-
agement across all sectors.
The deliberations during CSD-13 recognized the inter-linkages
among water, sanitation, hygiene and health, including water-borne
disease vectors, as well as the positive impacts of access to sanita- (ii) Ensure effective capacity for building, operating and maintaining sanita-
tion on poverty reduction, privacy, dignity, security and education. tion and sewerage systems.

Therefore, several actions have been recommended to provide ade- (iii) Ensure access to culturally appropriate, low-cost and environmentally
quate sanitation. These actions are recommended for access to basic sound sanitation technologies.
sanitation which include: Promoting sanitation and hygiene education and awareness raising also
(i) Sustain and accelerate progress towards the JPOI sanitation tar- received focus during deliberations. The Commission has further suggested
get, supported by increased resources from all sources, including expansion and improvement of wastewater treatment and reuse and protect-
ODA, in response to countries’ needs. ing water resources from pollution.

Editorial Team
UN-HABITAT
Editorial Board Gopal Reddy, Secretary, UADD, Government Board Water for Asian Cities Programme Office
Savitur Prasad, Director, Govt. of India EP-16/17, Chandragupta Marg, Chanakyapuri
S.N. Mishra, Project Director, UWSEIP, Bhopal New Delhi - 110021 (India)
Debashish Bhattacharjee, ADB, India Resident Mission Tel: +91-11-24104970 - 73
Anniruddhe Mukherjee, CTA, WAC Programme, M.P. Fax: +91-11-24104961
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.unhabitat.org & www.unwac.org
Editor Kulwant Singh, CTA, WAC Programme, UN-HABITAT

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