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    A) Understanding Integers

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    1) An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. 2) Integers can be represented on a number line, with positive numbers to the right of zero and negative numbers to the left. 3) To compare integers, we can use a number line - an integer is greater than all integers to its left and less than all integers to its right.

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    A) Understanding Integers

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    Yas Say
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    1) An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. 2) Integers can be represented on a number line, with positive numbers to the right of zero and negative numbers to the left. 3) To compare integers, we can use a number line - an integer is greater than all integers to its left and less than all integers to its right.

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    Matematik SPM

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    Integers

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    1) An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. 2) Integers can be represented on a number line, with positive numbers to the right of zero and negative numbers to the left. 3) To compare integers, we can use a number line - an integer is greater than all integers to its left and less than all integers to its right.

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    142 views6 pages

    A) Understanding Integers

    Uploaded by

    Yas Say
    1) An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. 2) Integers can be represented on a number line, with positive numbers to the right of zero and negative numbers to the left. 3) To compare integers, we can use a number line - an integer is greater than all integers to its left and less than all integers to its right.

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    of 6

    INTEGERS

    A) Understanding Integers
    1. An integer is a whole number with the positive
    sign or negative sign, including zero which is
    neither positive nor negative.

    2. Positive and negative numbers include decimals


    and fractions.
    For example :-

    (a) Positive numbers : +12, 8.5, + 1


    2

    (b) Negetive numbers : -15, - 3.6, - 3


    4
    3. Positive integers can be written without the '+' sign.
    For example :+4 is usually written as 4.

    Worked Example 2
    Draw a number line and mark the following numbers :- 15 , - 5, 10, 15
    Solution

    Worked Example 1

    From the numbers above, list all the


    (a) integers,
    (b) positive integers,
    (c) negative integers.
    Solution
    (a) - 5, -2, 0, +8 and 18

    C) Comparing the Value of Two Integers


    We can use the number line to compare the values
    of integers. A given integer, x, is greater than all the
    integers on its left but smalller than all the integers
    on its right.

    (b) +8 and 18
    (c) -5 and -2

    B) Representing Integers on Number Lines


    1. Integers can be represented on either a horizontal
    or a vertical number line.
    2. Normally, a horizontal number line is used.
    For example :-

    Worked Example 3
    In each of the following pairs of integers, state the

    integer that is greater in value.


    (a) - 3, 2

    (b) - 6, - 3

    Solution

    E) Determining the Largest Integer or the


    Smallest Integer
    Worked Example 6
    Determine the largest integer and the smallest
    integer in the following : 8, - 3, - 14, - 9, - 4, 7
    Solution

    Worked Example 4

    F) Completing a Sequence of Integers

    State the integer with the smaller value : - 5 or 0

    To complete a sequence of integers, it is necessary


    to identify the pattern of the sequence.
    Worked Example 7

    D) Arranging Integers in Order


    1. In increasing order, the integers are arranged
    from the smallest to the largest.

    State the integers that are represented by the letters


    P, Q and R on the number line above.
    Solution

    For example :-

    2. In decreasing order, the integers are arranged


    from the largest to the smallest.

    Therefore, P = -8, Q = 0, R= 4

    For example :-

    Worked Example 8
    Complete the following sequence of integers.
    - 12, - 9, - 6, __, __, __
    Solution

    Worked Example 5
    (a) Arrange the integers -6, 2, -1, +4, 0, - 2 in
    increasing order.
    (b) Arrange the integers 3, 0, 5, - 5, 6, - 4 in
    decreasing order.
    Solution
    (a) - 6, - 2, -1, 0, 2, +4

    G) Using Positive and Negative Integers


    in Real- life Situations

    (b) 6, 5, 3, 0, - 4, - 5

    Positive and negative integers can be used in

    the following contexts in real-life situations.

    For example :-

    (a) An increase or a decrease in value


    For example :(i) +RM100 represents an increase of Rm100
    in price whereas -RM50 represents a decrease
    of RM50 in price.
    (ii) +60 sen represents a profit of 60 sen whereas
    - 30 sen represents a loss of 30 sen.
    (iii) +4 kg represents a mass gain of 4 kg whereas
    - 6 kg represents a mass loss of 6 kg.

    2. For a vertical number line, and upward direction


    indicates the positive direction indicates the negative
    direction.
    For example :-

    (b) A value which is either greater than or less than


    zero.
    For example :(i) +5oC represents 50C more than 00C whereas
    - 20C represents 20C less than 00C.
    (ii) As 0 m is the sea level, +3 m represents 3 m
    above sea level whereas -10 m below sea
    level.
    (c) A positive or a negative direction (i.e.opposite
    directions)
    For example :(i) If +8 km represents 8 km to the east, then -7 km
    represents 7 km to the west.
    (ii) If a lift which moves 4 floors upwards is represented by +4, then a lift which moves downwards
    is represented by - 3.
    Worked Example 9
    Use positive or negative integers to represent the

    (a) When adding a positive integer, we move in the


    positive direction on the number line.
    (b) When adding a negative integer, we move in the
    negative direction on the number line.
    (c) Zero is usually taken as the starting point.
    Worked Example 10
    Solve the following by using the number lines.
    (a) 3 + (+5)

    (c) - 2+ (- 5)

    (b) - 6 + 4

    (d) 3 + (- 5)+(+8)

    Solution

    following.
    (a) A temperature rise of 180C
    (b) 800 m below sea level
    (c) A loss of RM70
    Solution
    (a) +180C

    3. We can add two or more integers using a number line.

    (c) -RM70

    (b) - 800 m

    ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION


    OF INTEGERS
    A) Addition of integers
    1. For a horizontal number line, the direction from left
    to right indicates the positive direction while the
    direction from right to left indicates the negative direction.

    B) Problem Solving involving Addition of Integers


    Worked Example 12
    A submarine which is 9 km below sea level
    moves up 3 km. What is the position of the
    submarine now ?
    Solution
    1. Understand the problem
    Given information :
    The submarine is 9 km below sea level.
    It moves up 3 km.
    Find : Final position of the submarine
    2. Devise a plan
    Use addition.
    3. Carry out the plan
    -9+4=-5
    Therefore, the submarine is 5 km below sea
    level now.
    4. Check

    Worked Example 11
    Solve each of the following.
    (a) - 9 + (+5)
    (b) + 7 + (- 5)
    Solution

    (c) - 6 + (- 2)

    C) Subtraction of Integers
    1. Subtraction of integers is to find the difference
    between two integers.
    2. We can use a number line to find the difference
    between two integers.
    3. The difference can be determined by counting the
    number of units to be moved from the second integer
    to the first integer. The direction of the movement will
    determine the '+' or '_' sign in the answer.
    Worked Example 13
    Solve the following by using number line.
    (a) 3 - 5

    (c) - 2 - 4

    (b) 8 - (+4)

    (d) 0 - (- 7)

    Solution

    Worked Example 14
    Find the value of each of the following.
    (a) 8 - (+5)
    (b) 6 - (- 3)
    (c) - 9 - (- 9)
    Solution

    Worked Example 15
    Find the value of each of the following.
    (a) 30 - (+18) - (- 6)
    (b) - 21 - (- 7) - (- 13)
    Solution
    (a) 30 - (+18) - (- 6) = 30 - 18 + 6
    = 12 + 6
    = 18
    (b) - 21 - (- 7) - ( - 13) = - 21 + 7 + 13
    = - 14 + 13

    = -1
    (b) - 12 - (- 26) + (- 15)

    D) Problem Solving involving Subtraction


    of Integers

    = - 12 + 26 - 15
    = 14 - 15

    A submarine is 8 m below sea level. An eagle is 3 m


    =-1
    above sea level directly above the submarine. What
    is the distance between the submarine and the eagle?
    Solution
    1. Understand the problem
    Given information :
    A submarine is 8 m below sea level.
    An eagle is 3 m above sea level.
    Find : Distance between the submarine
    and the eagle
    2. Devise a plan
    Use subtraction.
    3. Carry out the plan
    3 - (- 8) = 3 + 8 = 11
    Therefore, the distance between the submarine
    and the eagle is 11 m.
    4. Check

    F) Problem Solving involving Addition and


    Subtraction of Integers
    Worked Example 18
    A diver at 7 m below sea level swam up 3 m. A
    turtle at that moment was 2 m below sea level.
    What was the distance between them when the
    turtle was directly above the diver?
    Solution
    1. Understand the problem
    Given information :
    The diver was 7 m below sea level at first.
    He swam up 3 m.
    The turtle is 2 m below sea level.
    Find : Distance between the diver and the turtle.
    2. Devise a plan
    Use addition and subtraction.
    3. Carry out the plan
    (- 7 + 3) - (-5) = (- 7 + 3) + 5
    =-4+5
    =1

    E) Combined Operations of Addition and


    Subtraction of Integers
    Worked Example 17
    Find the value of each of the following.
    (a) 25 - (+30) + (- 12)
    (b) - 12 - (- 26) + (- 15)
    Solution
    (a) 25 - (+30) + (- 12)
    = 25 - 30 - 12
    = - 5 - 12
    = - 17

    Therefore, the distance between the diver and


    the turtle was 1 m.
    4. Check

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