Modeling of Concrete Materials and Structures: Kaspar Willam
Modeling of Concrete Materials and Structures: Kaspar Willam
Modeling of Concrete Materials and Structures: Kaspar Willam
Kaspar Willam
University of Colorado at Boulder
With contributions by Keun Lee and Dr. Byunghun Kim, UC-Boulder
REGULARIZATION OF ILL-POSEDNESS
Mesh Objectivity of Localized Failure Simulations:
Higher Grade Continua:
- Gradient Formulations
- Cosserat Formulations
- Micromorphic Formulations
Nonlocal Methods:
- Nonlocal Kinematic Measures
- Nonlocal Kinetic Measures
- Nonlocal Internal Descriptions
Kinematic Discontinuities:
- PUM Methods
- Multiple Interfaces with Fixed Orientation
- Adaptive Crack Tracking methods
Class #8 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
h(x
x, t) = xN uI(x
x)u
uI (t) N
hI (t)
e (x
I x )h
(c) Micro Curvatures = Micro Deformation Gradient: non-symmetric
h
(x
x, t) = xN
hI (t)
(x
I x )h
Class #8 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
= Em :
E m = K m1 1 + 2GmI s,dev
(b) Relative Stress-Deformation Relationship: Non-Symmetric
s = E rel : e
a,dev
E rel = K rel1 1 + 2GrelI s,dev + 2Grel
c I
(c) Micro Moment-Curvature Relationship: Non-symmetric
= E :
E = 2`2cG
Note characteristic length scale `2 due membrane-bending interaction
Class #8 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
uu
k uu
m + k rel
k hu
rel
|kk uh
rel
hh
|kk hh
+
k
rel
u
h
=
321
3232
int
(a) Macroscopic Stiffness: Standard displacement partition Wm
k uu
m =
f
fh
ext
321
: dV
B u]t[E
E m][B
B u]dV
[B
V
int
(b) Relative Micro Stiffness:membrane-bending interaction Wrel
k uh
rel =
ee : s dV
u N
h]t[E
u N
h]dV
E rel ][B
[B
V
int
(c) Micro-Curvature Stiffness: introduces length-scale W
k hh
=
Z
V
: dV
h]t[E
h]dV
E ][B
[B
[kk uu
mm ]1616
h i
uu
uh
= [kk uu
m + k rel ]1616 k rel
1616
h
i1
hh
k hh
+ k rel
1616
h i
k hu
rel
1616
B u]t[E
E m][B
B u]dV
[B
uI k m
Wmacro = Wsym
= {u
2
Z
1 t
E m][B
B u]dV ] u J }
uI [ [B
B u]t[E
u J } = {u
2
V
Wsym
s
Wsym
s
Wskew
Wsym
Wskew
1 t
= {ddI k mm d J }
2
Both formulations coincide for RBM and constant energy states whereby
uI , h I ].
d I = [u
Class #8 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
STIFFNESS DIFFERENCE
Effect of Internal Length Scale `c `e:
Eigenvalues of Difference Matrix: i(kk mm k m) 0
15000
Lc/L = 0.1
Lc/L = 1.0
Lc/L = 10
Eigenvalues
12000
9000
6000
3000
0
0
10
Numbers of eigenvalues
11
12
13
14
15
16
STIFFNESS DIFFERENCE
Effect of anti-symmetry in s e :
Eigenvalues of Stiffness Difference Matrix: i(kk mm k m) 0
15000
Gc / G = 0.0
Gc / G = 0.5
Gc / G = 1.0
Eigenvalues
12000
9000
6000
3000
0
0
10
Numbers of eigenvalues
11
12
13
14
15
16
STIFFNESS DIFFERENCE
Effect of Bulk Damage: Kd = [1 dK ]Ko:
Eigenvalues of Stiffness Difference Matrix: i(kk mm k m) 0
15000
Kd / K = 0.0
Kd / K = 0.5
Kd / K = 1.0
Eigenvalues
12000
9000
6000
3000
0
0
10
Numbers of eigenvalues
11
12
13
14
15
16
STIFFNESS DIFFERENCE
Effect of Shear Damage: Gd = [1 dG]Go:
Eigenvalues of Stiffness Difference Matrix: i(kk mm k m) 0
15000
Gd / G =0.0
Gd / G =0.5
Gd / G =1.0
Eigenvalues
12000
9000
6000
3000
0
0
10
Numbers of eigenvalues
11
12
13
14
15
16
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Main Lessons from Class # 8:
Length Scale:
Effect of Multiscale Interactions.
Stiffening Properties:
Effect of Multiple Energy Contributions.
MM-FE Discretization:
Static Condensation of Degrees of Freedom for Micro-Deformations ?