A

Research Report
on
A Consumer perception of Dell and HP Laptop
A case of Bareilly City.

Submitted For the

Partial fulfillment of degree of master of Business Administration from
G.B. Technical University, Lucknow
2011-12
Research supervisor:-

Submitted by: -

Mr.Siddharth Shukla

Gyanesh Gupta

Asstt .Professor ,R.B.M.I.

Roll no.1001670019
Submitted To

Rakshpal Bahadur Management Institute (Bareilly)

INDEX

1. Introduction
About Dell
About HP
Consumer perception of about HP & Dell
2. Objective of study
3. Research Methodology
- a)

Research Concepts

- b)

Opted methodology

4. Data Interpretation & Analysis

Analysis & Interpretation
5. Findings
6. Limitations
7. Suggestions & Recommendations
8. Conclusion
9. Bibliography

About Dell
Dell is an American multinational computer technology corporation based in 1 Dell
Way, Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells and supports
computers and related products and services. Bearing the name of its founder,
Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest technological corporations in the
world, employing more than 103,300 people worldwide. Dell is listed at number 41
in the Fortune 500 list. It is the third largest PC maker in the world after HP and
Lenovo. Dell has grown by both increasing its customer base and through
acquisitions since its inception; notable mergers and acquisitions including
Alienware (2006) and Perot Systems (2009). As of 2009, the company sold
personal computers, servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, and
computer peripherals. Dell also sells HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players and
other electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its
innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce.Fortune
Magazine listed Dell as the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue. It is
the second largest non-oil company in Texas behind AT&T and the largest
company in the Austin, Texas area.Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael
Dell created PCs Limited while a student at the University of Texas at Austin. The
dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from
stock components. Dell dropped out of school in order to focus full-time on his
fledgling business, after getting about $300,000 in expansion-capital from his
family.In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the
"Turbo PC", which sold for US$795.PCs Limited advertised its systems in national
computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each

ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than
$73 million in its first year of operation.
The company changed its name to "Dell Computer Corporation" in 1988 and began
expanding globally. In June 1988, Dell's market capitalization grew by $30 million
to $80 million from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50
a share.[9] In 1992, Fortune magazine included Dell Computer Corporation in its
list of the world's 500 largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO
of a Fortune 500 company ever.

Growth in 1990s and early 2000s

From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from
competitors even during industry slumps. In 1996, Dell began selling computers
through its website, and in 2002, it expanded its product line to include televisions,
handhelds, digital audio players, and printers. Dell's first acquisition occurred in
1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies.Dell surpassed Compaq to
become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. In 2002, when Compaq merged with
Hewlett Packard (the 4th place PC maker), the combined Hewlett Packard took the
top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead.In 2003, the company was
rebranded as simply "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's expansion beyond
computers.In 2004, Michael Dell resigned as CEO while retaining the title of
Chairman, handing the CEO title to Kevin Rollins who was the President and
COO. Under Rollins, Dell began to loosen its ties to Microsoft and Intel, the two
companies which were responsible for Dell's dominance in the PC business.
During that time, Dell acquired Alienware, which introduced several new items to
Dell products, including AMD microprocessors. To prevent cross-market products,

Dell continues to run Alienware as a separate entity, but still a wholly owned
subsidiary.

Missed expectations and return of founder

However in 2005, while earnings and sales grew, sales growth slowed
considerable, and the company stock lost 25% of its value that year.The slowing
sales growth has been attributed the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of
Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC
businesses segments such as storage, services and servers. Dell's price advantage
was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, however this became less
important as the market shifted to laptops, and as rivals such as Hewlett-Packard
and Acer made their PC operations more efficient. Throughout the entire PC
industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance
meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucruative
strategy of encouring buyers to upgrade processor or memory), and as a result the
company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before which
eroded profit margins.There has also been a decline in consumers purchasing PCs
through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer
electronics retail stores. As well, many analysts were looking to innovating
companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low
spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to Apple Inc.) which worked
well in the commoditized PC market prevented it from making inroads into more
lucrative segments such as MP3 players. Dell's reputation for poor customer
service, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth
outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on
the Web. There was also criticism that it used faulty components for its PCs.There

was also a battery recall in August 2006, as a result of a Dell laptop catching fire
which caused much negative attention for the company, although later Sony was
found to be responsible for the faulty batteries.
2006 marked the first year that Dell's growth was slower than the PC industry as a
whole. By the fourth quarter of 2006, Dell lost its title of the largest PC
manufacturer to rival Hewlett Packard which was invigorated thanks to a
restructuring initiated by their CEO Mark Hurd. After four out of five quarterly
earnings reports were below expectations, Rollins resigned in January 2007 and
founder Michael Dell assumed the role of CEO again. Dell announced a change
campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing headcount and diversifying the company's
product offerings.

Recent plans and acquisitions

In 2006, Dell acquired Alienware, a manufacturer of high-end PCs popular
with gamers.
The company acquired EqualLogic on January 28, 2008, to gain a foothold
in the iSCSI storage market. Because Dell already had an efficient
manufacturing process, integrating EqualLogic's products into the company
drove manufacturing prices down.
In 2009, Dell acquired Perot Systems, a technology services and outsourcing
company, mainly active in the health-sector, founded by former presidential
hopeful H. Ross Perot

 In 2009, Dell acquired Perot Systems, based in Plano, Texas, in a reported

$3.9 billion deal.[19] Perot Systems provided Dell with applications
development, systems integration, and strategic consulting services through
its operations in the U.S. and 10 other countries. In addition, the acquisition
of Perot brought a variety of business process outsourcing services,
including claims processing and call center operations.
On February 10, 2010, the company acquired KACE Networks a leader in
Systems Management Appliances. The terms of the deal were not disclosed.
On August 16, 2010, Dell announced plans to acquire the data storage
company 3PAR.[22] On September 2, Hewlett-Packard offered $33 a share for
3PAR, which Dell declined to match.
On November 2, 2010, Dell acquired Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
integration leader Boomi. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
In February 2011 the acquisition of Compellent by Dell was completed after
the initial announcement of Dell's intention to buy the company was
announced on 13 December, 2010
On Friday February 24, 2012 Dell acquired Backup and Disaster Recovery
software solution AppAssure Software of Reston, VA. AppAssure delivered
194 percent revenue growth in 2011 and over 3500% growth in the prior 3
years. AppAssure supports physical servers and VMware, Hyper-V and
XenServer. The deal represents the first acquisition since Dell formed its
software division under former CA CEO John Swainson. Dell added that it
will keep AppAssures 230 employees and invest in the company.

Dell is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas

In March 2012, USA Today said that Dell agreed to buy SonicWall, a
company with 130 patents. SonicWall which develops security products, is a
network and data security provider[25].
On 2 April, 2012, Dell announced that it wants to acquire Wyse, global
market-leader for thin client systems[26]
On 3 April, 2012, Dell announced that it has acquired Clerity Solutions.
Clerity, a company offering services for application (re)hosting, was formed
in 1994 and has it headquarters in Chicago. At the time of the take-over
aprox. 70 people were working for the company

Dell facilities
Dell's headquarters is located in Round Rock, Texas. As of 2010 the company
employs about 16,000 people in the facility, which has 2,100,000 square feet
(200,000 m2) of space. As of 1999 almost half of the general fund of the City of
Round Rock originates from sales taxes generated from the Dell headquarters. Dell
previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin,

Texas. In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum
complex. In 1990 Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters. In 1993 Dell
submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled "Dell Computer Corporate
Headquarters, Round Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design." Despite the
filing, during that year the company said that it was not going to move its
headquarters. In 1994 Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees
out of the Arboretum, but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of
the Arboretum and that the company's official headquarters address would continue
to be the Arboretum.

The company sponsors Dell Diamond, the home stadium of the Round Rock
Express, the AAA minor league baseball affiliate of the Texas Rangers major
league baseball team.By 1996 Dell was moving its headquarters to Round Rock.
As of January 1996 3,500 people still worked at the current Dell headquarters. One
building of the Round Rock headquarters, Round Rock 3, had space for 6,400
employees and was scheduled to be completed in November 1996. In 1998 Dell

announced that it was going to add two buildings to its Round Rock complex,
adding 1,600,000 square feet (150,000 m2) of office space to the complex.

Scope and brands

Dell's tagline 'Yours is Here', as seen at their Mall of Asia branch in Pasay City,
PhilippinesThe corporation markets specific brand names to different market
segments.Its Business/Corporate class represent brands where the company
advertising emphasizes long life-cycles, reliability, and serviceability. Such brands
include:
OptiPlex (office desktop computer systems)
Vostro (office/small business desktop and notebook systems)
n Series (desktop and notebook computers shipped with Linux or FreeDOS
installed)
Latitude (business-focused notebooks)

 Precision (workstation systems and high-performance notebooks),[50]

PowerEdge (business servers)
PowerVault (direct-attach and network-attached storage)
PowerConnect (network switches)
Dell Compellent (storage area networks)
EqualLogic (enterprise class iSCSI SANs)
Dell's Home Office/Consumer class emphasizes value, performance, and
expandability. These brands include:
Inspiron (budget desktop and notebook computers)
Studio (mainstream desktop and laptop computers)
XPS (high-end desktop and notebook computers)
Studio XPS (high-end design-focus of XPS systems and extreme multimedia
capability)
Alienware (high-performance gaming systems)
Adamo (high-end luxury laptop)
Dell EMR (electronic medical records)

Dell's Peripherals class includes USB keydrives, LCD televisions, and printers;
Dell monitors includes LCD TVs, plasma TVs and projectors for HDTV and
monitors. Dell UltraSharp is further a high-end brand of monitors.Dell service
and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic
support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended
support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract
that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in
normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("Software as a Service"
remote-desktop management),[51] and Your Tech Team (a support-queue
available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's
website or through Dell phone-centers).Discontinued products and brands
include Axim (PDA; discontinued April 9, 2007), Dimension (home and small
office desktop computers; discontinued July 2007), Dell Digital Jukebox (MP3
player; discontinued August 2006), Dell PowerApp (application-based servers),
and Dell Omniplex (desktop and tower computers previously supported to run
server and desktop operating systems).

Manufacturing
From its early beginnings, Dell operated as a pioneer in the "configure to order"
approach to manufacturingdelivering individual PCs configured to customer
specifications. In contrast, most PC manufacturers in those times delivered large
orders to intermediaries on a quarterly basis. To minimize the delay between
purchase and delivery, Dell has a general policy of manufacturing its products
close to its customers. This also allows for implementing a just-in-time (JIT)
manufacturing approach, which minimizes inventory costs. Low inventory is
another signature of the Dell business modela critical consideration in an

industry where components depreciate very rapidly. Dell's manufacturing process

covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and
quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured
desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks
for configuration in-house. However, the company's approach has changed. The
2006 Annual Report states "we are continuing to expand our use of original design
manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The
Wall Street Journal reported in September, 2008 that "Dell has approached contract
computer manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants. Assembly of desktop
computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in
Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999), which
have been closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in WinstonSalem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives from the state and
opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010, and Dell's contract with
the state requires them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions. [57]
[58]

It is expected that most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants

will be transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's

own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida facility of its Alienware subsidiary
remains in operation. Dell servers continue to be produced in Austin, Texas.Dell
assembles computers for the EMEA market at Limerick in the Republic of Ireland,
and employs about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in
Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its
second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced
that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the
Polish city of d by January 2010. European Union officials said they would

investigate a 52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell
away from Ireland. European Manufacturing

Technical support
Dell routes technical support queries according to component-type and to the level
of support purchased
1. Basic support provides business-hours telephone support and next businessday on-site support/ Return-to-Base, or Collect and Return Services (based
on contracts purchased at point of sale)
2. Dell ProSupport provides 24x7x365 telephone and online support, a
selection

of

or

6-hour

onsite

support

after

telephone-based

troubleshooting, and a Mission Critical option with two-hour onsite support,

for customers who choose the highest level of support for their most critical
hardware assets.
Dell's Consumer division offers 24x7 phone based and online troubleshooting in
certain markets such as the United States and Canada. In 2008 Dell redesigned
services-and-support for businesses with "Dell ProSupport", offering customers
more options to adapt services to fit their needs. Rather than take a one-size-fits-all
approach, Dell allows various options for its customers.
In addition, the company provides protection services, advisory services,
multivendor hardware support, "how-to" support for software applications,
collaborative support with many third-party vendors, and online parts and labor
dispatching for customers who diagnose and troubleshoot their hardware. Dell also

provides Dell ProSupport customers access to a crisis-center to handle major

outages, or problems caused by natural disasters.[67]

Organization
The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company,
serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members
include Don Carty, William Gray, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, Michael
A. Miles, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings,
and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a
resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept
the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having
oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee,
which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the
Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other
employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial
matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and
Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including
nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which

attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws.Day to day

operations of the company are run by the Global Executive Management
Committee which sets strategic direction. Dell has regional senior vice-presidents
for countries other than the United States, including David Marmonti for EMEA
and Stephen J. Felice for Asia/Japan. As of 2007, other officers included Martin
Garvin (senior vice president for worldwide procurement) and Susan E. Sheskey
(vice president and Chief Information Officer).

Marketing
Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television,
the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing
strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, offering free bonus
products (such as Dell printers), and offering free shipping in order to encourage
more sales and to stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to
maintain its 19.2% market share. However, this also cut profit-margins by more
than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to
accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone
network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador.A
popular United States television and print ad campaign in the early 2000s featured
the actor Ben Curtis playing the part of "Steven", a lightly mischievous blondhaired youth who came to the assistance of bereft computer purchasers. Each
television advertisement usually ended with Steven's catch-phrase: "Dude, you're
gettin' a Dell!"A subsequent advertising campaign featured interns at Dell
headquarters (with Curtis' character appearing in a small cameo at the end of one
of the first commercials in this particular campaign).A Dell advertising campaign
for the XPS line of gaming computers featured in print in the September 2006

issue of Wired. It used as a tagline the common term in Internet and gamer slang:
"FTW", meaning "For The Win". However, Dell Inc. soon dropped the campaign.In
the first-person shooter game F.E.A.R. Extraction Point, several computers visible
on desks within the game have recognizable Dell XPS model characteristics,
sometimes even including the Dell logo on the monitors.In 2007, Dell switched
advertising agencies in the US from BBDO to Working Mother Media. In July
2007, Dell released new advertising created by Working Mother to support the
Inspiron and XPS lines. The ads featured music from the Flaming Lips and Devo
who re-formed especially to record the song in the ad "Work it Out". Also in 2007,
Dell began using the slogan "Yours is here" to say that it customizes computers to
fit customers' requirements.

Dell partner program

In late 2007, Dell Inc. announced that it planned to expand its program to valueadded resellers (VARs), giving it the official name of "Dell Partner Direct" and a
new Website.

Criticisms of marketing of laptop security

In 2008, Dell received press coverage over its claim of having the world's most
secure laptops, specifically, its Latitude D630 and Latitude D830. At Lenovo's
request, the (U.S.) National Advertising Division (NAD) evaluated the claim, and
reported that Dell did not have enough evidence to support it.

Retail
Dell first opened their retail stores in India.

United States
In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club
stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profitmargins on the business. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the
U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once
again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply
retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S.,
became Dell retail partners later that same year.

Kiosks
Starting in 2002, Dell opened kiosk locations in shopping malls across the United
States in order to give personal service to customers who preferred this method of
shopping to using the Internet or the telephone-system. Despite the added expense,
prices at the kiosks match or beat prices available through other retail channels.
Starting in 2005, Dell expanded kiosk locations to include shopping malls across
Australia, Canada, Singapore and Hong Kong.On January 30, 2008, Dell shut
down all 140 kiosks in the U.S. due to expansion into retail stores. By June 3,
2010, Dell had also shut down all of its mall kiosks in Australia.

Stores
In 2006, Dell Inc. opened one full store, 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) in area, at
NorthPark Center in Dallas, Texas. It operates the retail outlet seven days a week to
display about 36 models, including PCs and televisions. As at the kiosks,
customers can only see demonstration-computers and place orders through agents.
Dell then delivers purchased items just as if the customer had placed the order by

phone or over the Internet.In addition to showcasing products, the stores also
support on-site warranties and non-warranty service ("Dell Solution Station").
Services offered include repairing computer video-cards and removing spyware
from hard drives.On February 14, 2008, Dell closed the Service Center in its
Dallas NorthPark store and laid off all the technical staff there.

Competition
Dell's major competitors include Hewlett-Packard (HP), Acer, Toshiba, Gateway,
Sony, Asus, Lenovo, IBM, MSI, Samsung, Apple and Sun Microsystems. Dell and
its subsidiary, Alienware, compete in the enthusiast market against AVADirect,
Falcon Northwest, VoodooPC (a subsidiary of HP), and other manufacturers. In the
second quarter of 2006, Dell had between 18% and 19% share of the worldwide
personal computer market, compared to HP with roughly 15%.In late 2006, Dell
lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC
estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than
Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the
same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated
that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at
the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's
17.4%).IDC reported that Dell lost more server market share than any of the top
four competitors in that arena. IDC's Q4 2006 estimates show Dell's share of the
server market at 8.1%, down from 9.5% in the previous year. This represents a
8.8% loss year-over-year, primarily to competitors EMC and IBM.
In 2011, The Brand Trust Report, India study revealed that Dell is ranked as the
27th most trusted brand as compared to Samsung which stood at 5th and HP which
ranked 23

Partnership with EMC

The Dell/EMC brand applies solely to products that result from Dell's partnership
with EMC Corporation. In some cases Dell and EMC jointly design such products;
other cases involve EMC products for which Dell will provide support
generally midrange storage systems, such as fibre channel and iSCSI storage area
networks. The relationship also promotes and sells OEM versions of backup,
recovery, replication and archiving software. On December 9, 2008, Dell and EMC
announced the multi-year extension, through 2013, of their strategic partnership
that began in 2001. In addition, Dell plans to expand its product line-up by adding
the EMC Celerra NX4 storage system to the portfolio of Dell/EMC family of
networked storage systems, as well as partnering on a new line of de-duplication
products as part of its TierDisk family of data-storage devices. On October 17,
2011, Dell announced officially discontinued reselling all EMC storage products,
this put end to 10 years of Partnership.

Environmental record
Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by
40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year. It is listed in Greenpeaces
Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers
according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green
their products are. In November 2011, Dell ranked 2nd out of 15 listed electronics

makers (increasing its score to 5.1 from 4.9, which it gained in the previous
ranking from October 2010). Dell was the first company to publicly state a
timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated
flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It
revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011
but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested
at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dells
founder and CEO Michael Dell to drop the toxics and claiming that Dells
aspiration to be the greenest technology company on the planetwas hypocritical.
[85]

Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the

G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.

Green initiatives
Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish
a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global
consumer recycling-program in 2006. On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling
Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote
producer responsibility. On July 19, 2007, Dell announced that it had exceeded
targets in working to achieve a multi-year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of
computer equipment by 2009. The company reported the recovery of 78 million
pounds (nearly 40,000 tons) of IT equipment from customers in 2006, a 93-percent
increase over 2005; and 12.4% of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier. On
June 5, 2007 Dell set a goal of becoming the greenest technology company on
Earth for the long term. The company launched a zero-carbon initiative that
includes:
1. reducing Dell's carbon intensity by 15 percent by 2012

2. requiring primary suppliers to report carbon emissions data during quarterly

business reviews
3. partnering with customers to build the "greenest PC on the planet"
4. Expanding the company's carbon-offsetting program, "Plant a Tree for me".
The company introduced the term "The Re-Generation" during a round table in
London commemorating 2007 World Environment Day. "The Re-Generation"
refers to people of all ages throughout the world who want to "make a difference"
in improving the world's environment. Dell also talked about plans to take the lead
in setting an environmental standard for the "technology industry" and maintaining
that leadership in the future.
Dell reports its environmental performance in an annual Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) Report that follows the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
protocol. Dell's 2008 CSR report ranked as "Application Level B" as "checked by
GRI".The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through
energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact
through energy-efficiency programmers. Internal energy-efficiency programmers
reportedly save the company more than $3 million annually in energy-cost savings.
[92]

The largest component of the company's internal energy-efficiency savings

comes through PC power management:

HP(Hewlett-Packard)
Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information
technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States that
provides products, technologies, software, solutions and services to consumers,
small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including
customers in the government, health and education sectors.The company was
founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by William (Bill) Redington Hewlett and
Dave Packard. HP is the world's leading PC manufacturer. It specializes in
developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware,
designing software and delivering services. Major product lines include personal
computing devices, enterprise, and industry standard servers, related storage
devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other
imaging products. HP markets its products to households, small- to medium-sized
businesses and enterprises directly as well as via online distribution, consumerelectronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology
vendors. HP also has strong services and consulting business around its products
and partner products.Major company events have included the spin-off of part of
its business as Agilent Technologies in 1999, its merger with Compaq in 2002, and
the acquisition of EDS in 2008, which led to combined revenues of $118.4 billion
in 2008 and a Fortune 500 ranking of 9 in 2009. In November 2009, HP announced
the acquisition of 3Com, with the deal closing on April 12, 2010. On April 28,

2010, HP announced the buyout of Palm for $1.2 billion. On September 2, 2010,
HP won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2.07 billion) which
Dell declined to match. Hewlett-Packard is not affiliated with Packard Motor Car
Corporation, founded by James Ward Packard and William Doud Packard, or with
Packard Bell.

Founding
Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard graduated with degrees in electrical engineering
from Stanford University in 1935. The company originated in a garage in nearby
Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor, Frederick Terman at
Stanford during the Great Depression. Terman was considered a mentor to them in
forming Hewlett-Packard. In 1939, Packard and Hewlett established HewlettPackard (HP) in Packard's garage with an initial capital investment of US$538.
Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded
would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett Packard won the coin toss
but named their manufacturing enterprise the "Hewlett-Packard Company". HP
incorporated on August 18, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.Of the
many projects they worked on, their very first financially successful product was a
precision audio oscillator, the Model HP200A. Their innovation was the use of a
small incandescent light bulb (known as a "pilot light") as a temperature dependent
resistor in a critical portion of the circuit, the negative feedback loop which
stabilized the amplitude of the output sinusoidal waveform. This allowed them to
sell the Model 200A for $54.40 when competitors were selling less stable
oscillators for over $200. The Model 200 series of generators continued until at
least 1972 as the 200AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years.

One of the company's earliest customers was Walt Disney Productions, which
bought eight Model 200B oscillators (at $71.50 each) for use in certifying the
Fantasound surround sound systems installed in theaters for the movie Fantasia.

Early years

Original 1954 Hewlett-Packard trademark

The company was originally rather unfocused, working on a wide range of
electronic products for industry and even agriculture.From the 1940s until well into
the 1990s the company concentrated on making electronic test equipment: signal
generators, voltmeters, oscilloscopes, frequency counters, thermometers, time
standards, wave analyzers, and many other instruments. A distinguishing feature
was pushing the limits of measurement range and accuracy; many HP instruments
were

more

sensitive,

accurate,

and

precise

than

other

comparable

equipment.Following the pattern set by the company's first product, the 200A, test
instruments were labelled with three to five digits followed by the letter "A".

Improved versions went to suffixes "B" through "E". As the product range grew
wider HP started using product designators starting with a letter for accessories,

The 1960s
HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley, although it did not
actively investigate semiconductor devices until a few years after the "Traitorous
Eight" had abandoned William Shockley to create Fairchild Semiconductor in
1957. Hewlett-Packard's HP Associates division, established around 1960,
developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use. Instruments and
calculators were some of the products using these devices.HP partnered in the
1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop several
high-quality products. The products were not a huge success, as there were high
costs in building HP-looking products in Japan. HP and Yokogawa formed a joint
venture (Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard) in 1963 to market HP products in Japan. HP
bought Yokogawa Electric's share of Hewlett-Packard Japan in 1999. HP spun off a
small company, Dynac, to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so
that the HP logo "hp" could be turned upside down to be a reverse reflect image of
the logo "dy" of the new company. Eventually Dynac changed to Dymec, then was
folded back into HP in 1959. HP experimented with using Digital Equipment
Corporation minicomputers with its instruments, but after deciding that it would be
easier to build another small design team than deal with DEC, HP entered the
computer market in 1966 with the HP 2100 / HP 1000 series of minicomputers.
These had a simple accumulator-based design, with registers arranged somewhat
similarly to the Intel x86 architecture still used today. The series was produced for
20 years, in spite of several attempts to replace it, and was a forerunner of the HP
9800 and HP 250 series of desktop and business computers.

The 1970s

Hewlett-Packard logo, mid-1970s

The HP 3000 was an advanced stack-based design for a business computing server,
later redesigned with RISC technology. The HP 2640 series of smart and intelligent
terminals introduced forms-based interfaces to ASCII terminals, and also
introduced screen labeled function keys, now commonly used on gas pumps and
bank ATMs. The HP 2640 series included one of the first bit mapped graphics
displays that when combined with the HP 2100 21MX F-Series microcoded
Scientific Instruction Set[13] enabled the first commercial WYSIWYG Presentation
Program, BRUNO that later became the program HP-Draw on the HP 3000.
Although scoffed at in the formative days of computing, HP would eventually
surpass even IBM as the world's largest technology vendor, in terms of sales.

"The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer is ready, willing, and able ...
to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer."

HP is identified by Wired magazine as the producer of the world's first marketed,

mass-produced personal computer, the Hewlett-Packard 9100A, introduced in
1968. HP called it a desktop calculator, because, as Bill Hewlett said, "If we had
called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus
because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and
all such nonsense disappeared." An engineering triumph at the time, the logic
circuit was produced without any integrated circuits; the assembly of the CPU
having been entirely executed in discrete components. With CRT display,
magnetic-card storage, and printer, the price was around $5000. The machine's
keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and an adding
machine. There was no alphabetic keyboard.
Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, originally designed the Apple I computer
while working at HP and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his
work, but they did not take it up as the company wanted to stay in scientific,
business, and industrial markets. The company earned global respect for a variety
of products. They introduced the world's first handheld scientific electronic
calculator in 1972 (the HP-35), the first handheld programmable in 1974 (the HP65), the first alphanumeric, programmable, expandable in 1979 (the HP-41C), and
the first symbolic and graphing calculator, the HP-28C. Like their scientific and
business calculators, their oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and other measurement
instruments have a reputation for sturdiness and usability (the latter products are
now part of spin-off Agilent's product line). The company's design philosophy in
this period was summarized as "design for the guy at the next bench". The 98x5
series of technical desktop computers started in 1975 with the 9815, and the
cheaper 80 series, again of technical computers, started in 1979 with the 85. These

machines used a version of the BASIC programming language which was available
immediately after they were switched on, and used a proprietary magnetic tape for
storage. HP computers were similar in capabilities to the much later IBM Personal
Computer, although the limitations of available technology forced prices to be
high.

The 1980s

The garage in Palo Alto where Hewlett and Packard began their company
In 1984, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. Along with
its scanner product line, these have later been developed into successful
multifunction

products,

the

most

significant

being

single-unit

printer/scanner/copier/fax machines. The print mechanisms in HP's tremendously

popular LaserJet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on Canon's
components (print engines), which in turn use technology developed by Xerox. HP
develops the hardware, firmware, and software that convert data into dots for the
mechanism to print.[citation

needed]

HP transitioned from the HP3000 to the HP9000

series minicomputers with attached storage such as the HP 7935 hard drive holding

404 MiB.On March 3, 1986, HP registered the HP.com domain name, making it the
ninth Internet .com domain ever to be registered. In 1987, the Palo Alto garage
where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California
State historical landmark.

The 1990s

Hewlett-Packard logo used until 2008

In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been
targeted at university, research, and business users, to reach consumers.HP also
grew through acquisitions, buying Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex
Computer in 1995.Later in the decade, HP opened hpshopping.com as an
independent subsidiary to sell online, direct to consumers; in 2005, the store was
renamed "HP Home & Home Office Store."From 1995 to 1998, Hewlett-Packard
were sponsors of the English football team Tottenham Hotspur.In 1999, all of the
businesses not related to computers, storage, and imaging were spun off from HP
to form Agilent. Agilent's spin-off was the largest initial public offering in the
history of Silicon Valley.[18] The spin-off created an $8 billion company with about
30,000 employees, manufacturing scientific instruments, semiconductors, optical
networking devices, and electronic test equipment for telecom and wireless R&D
and production.
In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO, the first female CEO of a
company in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina served as CEO during the

technology industry downturn of the early 2000s. During her tenure, the market
value of HP halved and the company incurred heavy job losses.[19] The HP Board of
Directors asked Fiorina to step down in 2005, and she resigned on February 9,
2005.

The 2000s

Hewlett-Packard Deskjet 3845 printer

The current two dimensional HP logo used on corporate documents, letterhead

HP's recent campaign, The Computer is Personal Again, features several celebrity
endorsements, including a TV commercial with Gwen Stefani.

HP Presario F700 F767CL

On September 3, 2001, HP announced that an agreement had been reached with
Compaq to merge the two companies. In May, 2002, after passing a shareholder
vote, HP officially merged with Compaq. Prior to this, plans had been in place to
consolidate the companies' product teams and product lines. In 1998 Compaq had
already taken over the Digital Equipment Corporation. That is why HP still offers
support for PDP-11, VAX and AlphaServer.The merger occurred after a proxy fight
with Bill Hewlett's son Walter, who objected to the merger. Compaq itself had
bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees),
and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. Following this strategy, HP became a
major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets. After the
merger with Compaq, the new ticker symbol became "HPQ", a combination of the
two previous symbols, "HWP" and "CPQ", to show the significance of the alliance
and also key letters from the two companies Hewlett-Packard and Compaq (the
latter company being famous for its "Q" logo on all of its products.)In the year
2004 HP released the DV 1000 Series, including the HP Pavilion dv 1658 and 1040
two years later in May 2006, HP began its campaign, The Computer is Personal

Again. The campaign was designed to bring back the fact that the PC is a personal
product. The campaign utilized viral marketing, sophisticated visuals, and its own
web site (www.hp.com/personal). Some of the ads featured well-known
personalities, including Pharrell, Petra Nemcova, Mark Burnett, Mark Cuban,
Alicia Keys, Jay-Z, Gwen Stefani, and Shaun White. On May 13, 2008, HP and
Electronic Data Systems announced that they had signed a definitive agreement
under which HP would purchase EDS. On June 30, HP announced that the waiting
period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 had
expired. "The transaction still requires EDS stockholder approval and regulatory
clearance from the European Commission and other non-U.S. jurisdictions and is
subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the other closing conditions specified in the
merger agreement." The agreement was finalized on August 26, 2008, and it was
publicly announced that EDS would be re-branded "EDS an HP company." As of
September 23, 2009, EDS is known as HP Enterprise Services.
On November 11, 2009, 3Com and Hewlett-Packard announced that HewlettPackard would be acquiring 3Com for $2.7 billion in cash.[24] The acquisition is
one of the biggest in size among a series of takeovers and acquisitions by
technology giants to push their way to become one-stop shops. Since the beginning
of the financial crisis in 2007, tech giants have constantly felt the pressure to
expand beyond their current market niches. Dell purchased Perot Systems recently
to invade into the technology consulting business area previously dominated by
IBM. Hewlett-Packard's latest move marked its incursion into enterprise
networking gear market dominated by Cisco.

The 2010s

A Hewlett-Packard Mini 1000 netbook computer, a type of notebook computer

On April 28, 2010, Palm, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard announced that HP would be
acquiring Palm for $1.2 billion in cash and debt, In the months leading up to the
buyout it was rumored that Palm was going to be purchased by either HTC, Dell,
RIM or HP. The addition of Palm handsets to the HP product line provides some
overlap with the current iPAQ mobile products but will significantly increase their
mobile presence as those devices have not been selling well. The addition of Palm
brings HP a library of valuable patents as well the mobile operating platform
known as webOS. On July 1, 2010, the acquisition of Palm was final. The purchase
of Palm, Inc.'s webOS began a big gamble to build HP's own ecosystem. On July
1, 2011, HP launched its first tablet named HP TouchPad, bringing webOS to tablet
devices. On September 2, 2010, won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share
offer ($2.07 billion) which Dell declined to match. Following HP's acquisition of
Palm, it would phase out the Compaq brand.

On August 6, 2010, CEO Mark Hurd resigned amid controversy and CFO Cathie
Lesjak assumed the role of interim CEO. On September 30, 2010, Lo Apotheker
was named as HP's new CEO and President.
Apothekers appointment sparked a strong reaction from Oracle chief executive
Larry Ellison,[29] who complained that Apotheker had been in charge of SAP when
one of its subsidiaries was systematically stealing software from Oracle. SAP
accepted that its subsidiary, which has now closed, illegally accessed Oracle
intellectual property.
On August 18, 2011 HP announced that it would strategically exit the smartphone
and tablet computer business, focusing on higher-margin "strategic priorities of
cloud, solutions and software with an emphasis on enterprise, commercial and
government markets"[31] They also contemplated spinning off their personal
computer division into a separate company.[32] HP's consideration of a fundamental
restructuring to quit the 'PC' business, while continuing to sell servers and other
equipment to business customers, would have been similar to what IBM did in
2005.[33] However, after a brief review, HP decided their PC division was too
integrated and critical to business operations, and the company reaffirmed their
commitment to the Personal Systems Group.
On September 22, 2011, Hewlett-Packard Co. named former eBay Inc. Chief
Executive Meg Whitman its president and CEO, replacing Lo Apotheker, while
Raymond Lane became executive chairman of the company.[35]
On March 21, 2012, HP said its printing and PC divisions would become one unit
headed by Todd Bradley from the PC division. Printing chief Vyomesh Joshi is
leaving the company.[36]

Facilities

A sign marking the entrance to the HP corporate headquarters in Palo Alto,

California
HP's global operations are directed from its headquarters in Palo Alto, California,
USA. Its U.S. operations are directed from its facility in unincorporated Harris
County, Texas, near Houston. Its Latin America offices in unincorporated MiamiDade County, Florida, U.S., near Miami and in Medelln Colombia. Its Europe
offices are in Meyrin, Switzerland, near Geneva. Its Asia-Pacific offices are in
Singapore.[37][38][39][40][39][41][42] It also has large operations in Boise, Idaho, Roseville,
California, Fort Collins, Colorado, San Diego, and Plano, Texas (the former
headquarters of EDS, which HP acquired). In the UK, HP is based at a large site in
Bracknell, Berkshire with offices in various UK locations, including a landmark
office tower in London, 88 Wood Street. Its recent acquisition of 3Com will
expand its employee base to Marlborough, Massachusetts.

Products and organizational structure

HP has successful lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs,
servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small business use;
many of the computers came from the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP today
promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of
services to design, implement, and support IT infrastructure.
HP's Imaging and Printing Group (IPG) is "the leading imaging and printing
systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning
devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers
to small and medium businesses to large enterprises." [44] Products and technology
associated with IPG include Inkjet and LaserJet printers, consumables and related
products, Officejet all-in-one multifunction printer/scanner/faxes, Designjet and
Scitex Large Format Printers, Indigo Digital Press, HP Web Jetadmin printer
management software, HP Output Management suite of software, LightScribe
optical recording technology, HP Photosmart digital cameras and photo printers,
HP SPaM, and Snapfish by HP, a photo sharing and photo products service. On
December 23, 2008, HP released iPrint Photo for iPhone a free downloadable
software application that allows the printing of 4" x 6" photos.[45]
HP's Personal Systems Group (PSG) claims to be "one of the leading vendors of
personal computers ("PCs") in the world based on unit volume shipped and annual
revenue."[44] PSG includes business PCs and accessories, consumer PCs and
accessories, (e.g., HP Pavilion, Compaq Presario, VoodooPC), handheld computing
(e.g., iPAQ Pocket PC), and digital "connected" entertainment (e.g., HP

MediaSmart TVs, HP MediaSmart Servers, HP MediaVaults, DVD+RW drives).

HP resold the Apple iPod until November 2005.[44]
HP Enterprise Business (EB) incorporates HP Technology Services, Enterprise
Services (an amalgamation of the former EDS, and what was known as HP
Services), HP Enterprise Security Services oversees professional services such as
network security, information security and information assurance/ compliancy, HP
Software Division, and Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking Group
(ESSN). The Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking Group (ESSN) oversees
"back end" products like storage and servers. HP's networking business unit
ProCurve is responsible for the family of network switches, wireless access points,
and routers.[46] They are currently a business unit of ESSN.

An HP camera with an SDIO interface, designed to be used in conjunction with a

Pocket PC
HP Software Division is the company's enterprise software unit. For years, HP has
produced and marketed its brand of enterprise management software, HP
OpenView. From September 2005 through 2010, HP purchased a total of 15
software companies between as part of a publicized, deliberate strategy to augment

its software offerings for large business customers. HP Software sells three
categories of software: IT performance management, IT management software and
information management software. HP Software also provides consulting,
Software as a service, cloud computing solutions, education and support services.
HP's Office of Strategy and Technology has four main functions:
(1) steering the company's $3.6 billion research and development investment,
(2) fostering the development of the company's global technical community,
(3) leading the company's strategy and corporate development efforts,
(4) performing worldwide corporate marketing activities.
Under this office is HP Labs, the research arm of HP. Founded in 1966, HP Labs's
function is to deliver new technologies and to create business opportunities that go
beyond HP's current strategies. An example of recent HP Lab technology includes
the Memory spot chip. HP IdeaLab further provides a web forum on early-state
innovations to encourage open feedback from consumers and the development
community.
HP also offers managed services where they provide complete IT-support solutions
for other companies and organisations. Some examples of these are: A large
activity is HP offering "Professional Support" and desktop "Premier Support" for
Microsoft in the EMEA marketplace. This is done from the Leixlip campus near
Dublin, Sofia and Israel. Support is offered on the line of Microsoft operation
systems, Exchange, Sharepoint and some office-applications. [51] But HP also offers

outsourced services for companies like Bank of Ireland, some UK banks, the U.S.
defense forces, etc.

Corporate social responsibility

In July 2007, the company announced that it had met its target, set in 2004, to
recycle one billion pounds of electronics, toner and ink cartridges. It has set a new
goal of recycling a further two billion pounds of hardware by the end of 2010. In
2006, the company recovered 187 million pounds of electronics, 73 percent more
than its closest competitor.
In 2008, HP released its supply chain emissions data an industry first.
In September 2009, Newsweek ranked HP No.1 on its 2009 Green Rankings of
America's 500 largest corporations. According to environmentalleader.com,
"Hewlett-Packard earned its number one position due to its greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission reduction programs, and was the first major IT company to report GHG
emissions associated with its supply chain, according to the ranking. In addition,
HP has made an effort to remove toxic substances from its products, though
Greenpeace has targeted the company for not doing better."
HP took the top spot on Corporate Responsibility Magazine's 100 Best Corporate
Citizens List for 2010. The list is cited by PR Week as one of America's most
important business rankings. HP beat out other Russell 1000 Index companies
because of its leadership in seven categories including environment, climate
changes and corporate philanthropy. In 2009, HP was ranked fifth.

Fortune magazine named HP one of the World's Most Admired Companies in

2010, placing it No. 2 in the computer industry and No. 32 overall in its list of the
top 50. This year in the computer industry HP was ranked No. 1 in social
responsibility, long-term investment, global competitiveness, and use of corporate
assets.[59]
In May 2011, HP released its latest Global Responsibility report covering
accomplishments during 2010. The report, the companys tenth, provides a
comprehensive view of HPs global citizenship programs, performance, and goals
and describes how HP uses its technology, influence, and expertise to make a
positive impact on the world. The companys 2009 report won best corporate
responsibility report of the year. The 2009 reports claims HP decreased its total
energy use by 9 percent compared with 2008. HP recovered a total of 118,000
tonnes of electronic products and supplies for recycling in 2009, including 61
million print cartridges.
In an April 2010 San Francisco Chronicle article, HP was one of 12 companies
commended for "designing products to be safe from the start, following the
principles of green chemistry." The commendations came from Environment
California, an environmental advocacy group, who praised select companies in the
Golden State and the Bay Area for their efforts to keep our planet clean and green.
In May 2010, HP was named one of the World's Most Ethical Companies by
Ethisphere Institute. This is the second year in a row HP has made the list.
Ethisphere reviewed, researched and analyzed thousands of nominations in more
than 100 countries and 35 industries to create the 2010 list. HP was one of only
100 companies to earn the distinction of top winner and was the only computer

hardware vendor to be recognized. Ethisphere honors firms that promote ethical

business standards and practices by going beyond legal minimums, introducing
innovative ideas that benefit the public.
HP is listed in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics
manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, energy and climate and
green products. In November 2011, HP secured the 1st place (out of 15) in this
ranking (climbing up 3 places) with an increased score of 5.9 (up from 5.5). It
scored most points on the new Sustainable Operations criteria, having the best
programme for measuring and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from its
suppliers and scoring maximum points for its thorough paper procurement policy.
Moreover, HP does especially well for its disclosure of externally verified
greenhouse gas emissions and its setting of targets for reducing them. However,
Greenpeace reports that HP risks a penalty point in future editions due to the fact
that it is a member of trade associations that have commented against energy
efficiency standards.
HP has earned recognition of its work in the area of data privacy and security. In
2010 the company ranked No. 4 in the Ponemon Institute's annual study of the
most trusted companies for privacy. Since 2006, HP has worked directly with the
U.S. Congress, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the Department of
Commerce to establish a new strategy for federal legislation. HP played a key role
in work toward the December 2010 FTC report Protecting Consumer Privacy in
an Era of Rapid Change.
After winning nine straight annual "Most Respected Company in China" awards
from the Economic Observer and Peking University, HP China has added the "10

Year Contribution" award to its list of prestigious accolades. The award aims to
identify companies doing business in China with outstanding and sustained
performance

in

business

operations,

development

and

corporate

social

responsibility.

Brand

A Hewlett-Packard sponsored Porsche 997 GT3 Cup

The company sponsors the HP Pavilion at San Jose, home to the NHL's San Jose
Sharks.

According to a Business Week Study, HP is currently the world's 11th most

valuable brand. Since its creation, the HP Logo has remained largely the same.
Because of its extreme simplicity, the logo is recognized all over the world.
HP has many sponsorships. One well known sponsorship is of Walt Disney World's
Epcot Park's Mission: SPACE. From 1995 to 1999 they were the shirt sponsor of
Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur F.C..[citation needed] From 1997 to 1999 they
were sponsors of Australian Football League club North Melbourne Football Club.
[citation needed]

They also sponsored the BMW Williams Formula 1 team until 2006 (a

sponsorship formerly held by Compaq), and as of 2010 sponsor Renault F1.[citation

needed]

Hewlett-Packard also has the naming rights arrangement for the HP Pavilion

at San Jose, home of the San Jose Sharks NHL hockey team.
After the acquisition of Compaq in 2002, HP has maintained the "Compaq
Presario" brand on low-end home desktops and laptops, the "HP Compaq" brand
on business desktops and laptops, and the "HP ProLiant" brand on Intelarchitecture servers. (The "HP Pavilion" brand is used on home entertainment
laptops and all home desktops.)
HP uses DEC's "StorageWorks" brand on storage systems; Tandem's "NonStop"
servers are now branded as "HP Integrity NonStop".
.Hp Discover Customer Event
In 2011, HP Enterprise Business, along with participating independent user groups,
combined its annual HP Software Universe, HP Technology Forum and HP
Technology@Work into a single event, HP DISCOVER. There are two HP
Discover events annually, one for the Americas and one for Europe, Middle East

and Africa (EMEA). HP DISCOVER 2011 Americas took place June 610, in Las
Vegas at the Venetian/Palazzo. The event offered nearly 1,000 sessions on
application transformation, Converged Infrastructure, information optimization,
mobile devices, webOS, global data centers, security, hybrid delivery and cloud
computing. Approximately 10,000 customers, partners and IT thought leaders
attended HP Discover 2011 in Las Vegas and approximately 5,000 are expected to
attend the EMEA event. The Americas conference featured tracks designed for
several industries including automotive and aerospace; communications, media &
entertainment, energy, financial services, healthcare and life sciences, high tech
and electronics, public sector, retail and consumer goods, and transportation and
logistics. The nearly 1,000 sessions, hands-on labs and exhibits explored all areas
of the HP Enterprise Business portfolio including servers, storage, networking,
software and services. In addition, the company provided sneak previews of its
new tablet device, webOS TouchPad which will be available in July 1, 2011,
starting at $500.
The HP DISCOVER 2011 event in EMEA is slated to take place in Vienna,
Austria, at the Reed Exhibitions, Messe Wien Congress Center, on November 29
through December 1, 2011.

Controversies
Spying Scandal
Main article: Hewlett-Packard spying scandal
On September 5, 2006,David O'Neil and Shawn Cabalfin from Newsweek revealed
that HP's general counsel, at the behest of chairwoman Patricia Dunn, contracted a
team of independent security experts to investigate board members and several

journalists in order to identify the source of an information leak. In turn, those

security experts recruited private investigators who used a spying technique known
as pretexting.The pretexting involved investigators impersonating HP board
members and nine journalists (including reporters for CNET, the New York Times
and the Wall Street Journal) in order to obtain their phone records. The information
leaked related to HP's long-term strategy and was published as part of a CNET
article in January 2006. Most HP employees accused of criminal acts have since
been acquitted.
Hardware
Hewlett-Packard has also been at the center of a fiasco in recent years. In
November 2007, Hewlett-Packard released a BIOS update covering a wide range
of laptops with the intent to speed up the computer fan as well as have it run
constantly, whether the computer was on or off. The reason was to prevent the
overheating of defective NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs) that had been
shipped to many of the original equipment manufacturers, including HewlettPackard, Dell, and Apple. In July 2008, HP revealed an extension to the initial oneyear warranty covering a few of the affected computers, but leaving many more
without the protection, despite research showing that these computers were also
affected. Since this point, several websites have been documenting the issue, most
notably www.hplies.com and nvidiasettlement.com, a forum dedicated to what they
refer to as Hewlett-Packard's "multi-million dollar cover up" of the issue. There
have been several small-claims lawsuits filed in several states, as well as suits filed
in other countries. Hewlett-Packard also faced a class-action lawsuit in 2009 over
its i7 processor computers. The complainants stated that their systems locked up

within 30 minutes of powering on, consistently. Even after being replaced with
newer i7 systems, the lockups continued.

HP and Oracle lawsuit

On June 15, 2011, HP filed a lawsuit in California Superior Court in Santa Clara,
claiming that Oracle had breached an agreement to support the Itanium
microprocessor used in HP's high-end enterprise servers.[91] On June 15, 2011, HP
sent a "formal legal demand" letter to Oracle in an attempt to force the world's No.
3 software maker to reverse its decision to discontinue software development on
Intel Itanium microprocessor.

Notable people
Michael Capellas (Compaq CEO/Chairman - HP President)
Rahul Sood (VoodooPC Founder)
Steve Jobs (Summer job)
Steve Wozniak (calculator designer)

Consumer Perception about HP & Dell

Hewlett-Packard reported its financial results for the quarter ending on April 30,
2011, early in the day on May 17, a day sooner than expected. Dell reported its
financial results the same day, at its normal time at the end of the day. In many
ways, as we will see in a minute, the results were similar. Yet the financial market
reaction was dramatically different. HP's stock price dropped by 7% during the
day, while Dell's stock price rose by almost 7% in after-hours trading. Bloomberg

News, in its article on the two companies' results, headlined what it saw as the
reason for the different performance: "Dell Shares Rise After Corporate Spending
Gives Company Edge Over Rival HP."
First, let's compare the actual numbers. HP's revenues in the quarter were up by
3%, and right in line with expectations, while Dell's revenues were just 1% higher,
and lower than expectations. Dell's sales to business rose by 3%, while HP's sales
increased by 8%. Dell's sales to consumers fell by 7%, slightly better than the 8%
drop in HP's sales to consumers. So far, very similar numbers between the two
vendors, with HP actually doing better than Dell in the quarter. So, why the market
perception that Dell outperformed HP?
One reason is that Dell's earnings were better, at least in terms of growth. HP's net
income increased by 5% and its earnings per share by 15%, while Dell's earnings
rose by a much more impressive 177% and its earnings per share by
188%. However, Dell had a particularly bad quarter the year before, so its growth
numbers reflect that low base. Another reason is that Dell raised its revenue and
income expectations for future quarters, while HP lowered its fiscal 2011 annual
revenues by $1 billion.
But there is third reason why the reaction to Dell's and HP's results was so
different, and that is perception: Dell was perceived as having a smaller exposure
to the consumer market than HP and so was less exposed to the buzz saw of
Apple's iPad that is decimating consumer demand for conventional laptops and
netbooks. That perception is partly but not entirely true. In this quarter, Dell's ratio
of consumer-to-business revenues was 20%/80%; HP's ratio was 32%/68%. That is
a difference, but it's a shades-of-gray difference, not a black-and-white

difference. Still, in today's market, if a vendor is in the consumer computer

hardware business and is not named Apple, it will suffer in the eyes of stock
investors. Dell was less in that business than HP, so it was perceived to be doing
better.
From a strategic perspective, this episode raises the question as to whether vendors
like Dell, HP, or even Microsoft that are in both the consumer and business
computing markets should do what IBM did several years ago and sell off their
consumer computing business. IBM's stock price in 2011, which is up 15% so far
this year while Microsoft's and HP's are both down, shows there is shareholder
value in being focused just on the business computing market and not trying to
compete in both the business and consumer markets. Apple makes the same point
from the other side. However, it is not practical for Dell or HP to separate its
consumer PC business from its business PC business, nor is it reasonable for either
to spin off the whole PC business, given its size for both companies.
Still, there is an alternative that provides some of the same benefits at much,
much lower cost. That is to provide greater clarity about the relative size of their
consumer versus business revenues. Dell actually does this, with a clean, simple
number for its consumer revenues compared to its business and government
revenues. HP does not, providing only a breakdown of its printer product revenues
between consumer and business purchases and no numbers on what proportion of
PC, server, storage, or services revenues come from consumers versus
business. (Microsoft -- which we think has a very similar ratio of consumer-tobusiness revenues as HP --is just as bad as HP in not disclosing actual consumer
versus business revenue.) So it is not surprising that when both Dell and HP report
that their consumer PC revenues are down, investors assume that HP is suffering

more than Dell. Dell can point to a number that shows only 20% of its revenues
come from consumers; HP cannot point to a number that shows only 32% of its
revenues come from consumers. And it is probably no coincidence that both IBM
and Dell have had similar rises in their stock prices this year, while the more
obscurantist Microsoft and HP are each down.
Finally, turning to what Dell's and HP's revenue numbers show about tech market
trends in the business tech market that we track, our expectation of slowing but still
positive growth in business and government purchases of computer equipment is
being borne out, though with some interesting twists. First, for all the computer
equipment vendors that we track (with estimates for NetApp and Lenovo until they
report), computer equipment purchases by business and government rose by 8% in
Q1 2011, slower than the 13% to 21% growth rates of 2010, but not bad. Second,
servers have done surprisingly well, with a 9% rise at HP, a 10% rise at HP, and a
22% rise at IBM (Unisys and Fujitsu did not do as well). We had expected slower
growth as virtualization reduces the demand for servers, but it is possible that
server buying by telcos and other would-be cloud vendors (including, of course,
IBM, HP, and Dell) has kept demand growing. Third, corporate buying of PCs still
is strong, but government buying is dropping.

Objective of the study

To find the customer awareness of our brand in our target market.

To find out market share of both the companies.

To assess the level of satisfaction of customer for both the brand.

To study the market promotion strategies of both the brand

To know the various factors attributing to competitive edge of HP & Dell

service provider over others.
To know the perception of different factors of HP & Dell Laptop & Desktop.
Analysis the market share of Dell & Hp.
To study the marketing stretegies of Dell & Hp.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
a)

Research Concepts

b)

Opted methodology

RESEARCH CONCEPTS
RESEARCH
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can
also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information
on a specific topic. Thus we can take research as an art of scientific investigation.
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application
of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is
hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.
Different basic types of research are:
(i)

Descriptive vs. Analytical: Descriptive research includes surveys

and fact finding enquiries of different kinds. In Analytical research,

on the other hand, the researcher has to use the facts or information
already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation
of the material.

(ii)

Applied vs. Fundamental: Applied research aims at finding a solution for an

immediate problem facing a society or an industrial / business organization,
whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalizations and
with the formulation of a theory.

(iii)

Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Quantitative research is based on the

measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to the phenomenon that
can be expressed in terms of quantity. Qualitative research, on the other hand
is concerned with qualitative phenomenon i.e., phenomenon relating to or
involving quality or kind.

(iv)

Conceptual vs. Empirical: Conceptual research is related to some

abstract ideas or theory. It is used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new
concepts or to reinterpret existing ones. While, Empirical research relies on
experience or observation, often without due regard for system and theory.

Significance of Research
The role of research in several fields of applied economics, whether related to
business or to the economy as a whole, has greatly increased in modern times.
Research provides the basis for all government policies in our economic
system. It has its special significance in solving various operational and

planning problems of business and industry. It is equally important for social

scientists in studying social relationships and in seeking answers to various
social problems.

Research Methodology
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It
can be taken as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. It not
only includes research methods but also considers the logic behind the methods we
use in the context of our research study and also explain why we are using a
particular method or technique, so that research results are capable of being
evaluated either by the researcher himself or by others. Further it is equally
important to select an appropriate method for a particular research as to develop
new methods. There is also a need to understand the assumptions underlying
various techniques and also to know the criteria by which it is to decide that certain
techniques and procedures will be applicable to certain problems and others will
not.Also the term research and scientific methods are closely related. The scientific
methods attempts to achieve a systematic interrelation of facts by experimentation,
observation, logical arguments from accepted postulates and a combination of
these three in varying proportions. In scientific method, logic aids in formulating
propositions explicitly and accurately so that their possible alternatives become
clear.

Research Process
Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry
out research and the desired sequencing of these steps. The following order
concerning various steps provides a useful procedural guideline regarding the
research process:
Formulating the research problem,
Extensive literature survey,
Developing the hypothesis,
Preparing the research design,
Determining the sample design,
Collecting the data,
Execution the project,
Analysis of data,
Hypothesis testing,
Generalizations and interpretations, and
Preparation of the report.

Sampling
A researcher must have to decide the way of selecting a sample or popularly
known as design. Samples may be either probability samples or non-probability
samples. With probability samples each elements has a known probability of being
included in the sample but the non-probability samples do not allow the researcher
to determine this probability.Probability samples are those based on simple random
sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster / area sampling whereas
non-probability samples are those based on convenience sampling, judgment
sampling and quota sampling techniques. These are described as:
Deliberate sampling: This sampling method involves purposive or deliberate
selection of particular units of the universe for constituting a sample which
represents the universe.
Simple Random sampling: In this type of sampling each & every item in the
population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample and each one of the
possible samples, if finite universe, has the same probability of being selected.
Systematic Sampling: An element of randomness is usually introduced into this
kind of sampling by using random numbers to pick up the unit with which to start.
Stratified Sampling: In this technique the population is stratifies into number of
non-overlapping sub populations or strata and sample items are selected from each
stratum.
Quota Sampling: To avoid high cost of taking samples from individual strata,
interviewers are simply given quota to be filled from different strata, the actual
selection of items for sample being left to the interviewers judgment.

Cluster / Area Sampling: Cluster sampling involves grouping the population and
then selecting the groups or the clusters rather than individual elements for
inclusion in the sample. Area sampling is similar to cluster sampling and is often
talked about when the total geographical area of interest happens to be big one.
Multi-stage sampling: Under this technique the first stage may be to select large
primary sampling units such as states, then districts, then towns, and finally certain
families with in the towns. This technique is meant for big enquiries extending to a
large geographical area.
Sequential Sampling: In this complex sample design the ultimate size of the
sample is not fixed in advance but is determined according to mathematical
decisions on the basis of information yielded as survey progresses. It is usually
adopted under acceptance sampling in the context of statistical quality control.

OPTED METHODOLOGY
A research design specified the procedure & method for conducting and controlling
the research project. It is the specification of methods and procedure for acquisition
of the information needed. It is the overall pattern or framework of the project that
stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by what
procedure. Generally a research design is a blue print of the research. The research
study must explicitly state its plan about collection and analysis of the data.

RESEARCH DESIGN: - The type of my study is Descriptive, as the needs of

employee towards training is not an apparent phenomenon, thats why it is required
to study it in depth and explore the different parameters for needs of training.

Data Collection: - Primary & Secondary Data.

1.

2.

Primary Data:- It is collected through a structured questionnaire

having questions on various aspects of training. It is based on the objectives set for
the study.
Secondary Data: - It is collected from Magazines, Books and
Websites of company.

Sample Size: - Though I have proposed to have a size of 100 who had cooperated
and supported me in filling my questionnaire and thereby provides me the data.
Sample Domain: -Bareilly.

Data Interpretation & Analysis

1. What is the First thing, which comes into your mind when you think
about Dell and HP?
Data Received
Answer
Quality
Affordable
Maintenance

Value

%age

50
30
20

50
30
20

value
20

Quality
50

30

affordable
Maintenance

Out of 100 as shown in data when the people listen about Dell and HP the
first think ,which comes in their mind that is Quality (50%) then affordable (30%)
in the end Maintenance (20%).

2. What do you find most important when buying a Laptop?

Data received
Answer
Brand
Quality
Maintenance
cost
service
Guarantee

Value
25
20
10

%age
25
20
10

25
20

25
20

value
20

25

brand
quality
maintenance cost

25

20
10

service
guarantee

In the table we can see that when the people buy a Laptop a lot of
things they saw in a Laptop as brand, quality, maintenance cost, service
and guarantee.
As shown in table we can see 25% people think about brand 20%
think about quality 10 about maintenance cost 25 about services and last
20 about guarantee.

3.Which company of laptop would you prefer as of today?

Data received

Answer

value

%age

Dell

50

50

HP

50

50

value
100%
80%

value

60%
40%
20%
0%
Dell

HP

.
As shown in table 50% people think about Dell and last 50% people
think about HP as a good laptop

3. Instead of purchasing a Dell, will you prefer to go for the HP?

Data received
answer
yes
no

value
40
60

%age
40
60

value
40
60

yes
no

As shown in table we can see there is 60% people dont want to change
their Dell laptop but 40% people who want to change their laptop instead
of Dell and want to purchase HP.

4. Which feature of Dell attracts you most, that inspires you to go for
Dell?
Data received
answer
Processor
design

value
75
25

%age
75
25

value
25

Processor
design
75

25% people attract with Processor but there is a 75 % who are attracted
with its design.
So we can see here that 75% people think that Dell laptop well rather
than HP laptop.
5. Which service would you prefer?

Data received
answer
Dell
HP

value
60
40

%age
60
40

value
60
50
40

value

30
20
10
0
Dell
HP

As shown in table 60% people like Dell & 40% people like HP laptops.
So here most of the people which want to purchase a Dell.

6. For what purpose would you like to use laptop?

Data received
Answer
Personal
use
Office use
others

Value
60

%age
60

30
10

30
10

value
60
50
40

value

30
20
10
0
personal use

office use

others

60% people uses laptops for their personal use and 30% uses for office
use and less 10% for other uses.
As shown in table we can see most of the people uses laptops for their
personal use .
8. Do you think Dell is good better than HP?
Data received

answer

value

%age

yes

60

60

no

40

40

value

40

yes
60

no

As shown in table we can see out of 100 people 60 % people think that
Dell is better than HP laptops
Brand, Quality, Maintenance cost, Service and Guarantee they get
everything in Dell.

9.Will you recommend Dell to your friends and relatives?

Data received

answer

value

%age

yes

60

60

no

40

40

value

40

yes
60

no

Out of 100 60 % people think that they recommend Dell laptop to their
friends and relatives. Less 40% against that.
As shown in table most of the people want to recommend Dell to their
friends and relatives.

10. Which kind of adv. attracted you to Dell and HP?

Data received

answer
newspaper
television
magazine
internet

value
20
45
25
10

%age
20
45
25
10

value
10

20

newspaper
television

25

magazine
internet
45

As shown in table most of the people attracted with television advertising

after that magazine .
We can see 20% attracted with newspaper 45% attracted with television
25 % attracted with magazine and last 10% with internet.

Findings
1) Out of 100 as shown in data when the people listen about Dell and HP laptop
the first think ,which comes in their mind that is Dell is favorit rather than
HP laptop.

2) In the table we can see that when the people buy a laptop a lot of things they
saw in a car as brand, quality, maintenance cost, service and guarantee.As
shown in table we can see 25% people think about brand 20% think
about quality 10 about maintenance cost 25 about services and last 20 about
guarantee.
3) As a people prefer both Dell and HP laptops because both are good
company.As shown in table 60% people think about Dell and last 40%
people think about HP as good quality laptop.
4) As shown in table we can see there is 60% people dont want to change their
Dell laptop but 40% people who want to change their laptop of Dell and
want to purchase HP laptop.
5) 25% people attract with colour but there is a 75 % who are attracted with its
processor.So we can see here that 75% people think that its design that
inspires them to go for Dell laptop.
6) 60% people uses laptop for their personal use and 30% uses for office use
and less 10% for other uses.As shown in table we can see most of the people
uses laptop for their personal use .

LIMITATIONS
1. Employees were not available at a common time as they are working in
different shifts. I was not in a position to approach employees working in
the night shift.

2. There were some problems in collecting primary data; the employees

were hesitating in giving their personal information and time.
3. To some extent employees were not aware about the concept of
organizational climate.
4. Some of the employees were not interested in filling the questionnaire.
5. Some of the old employees were not want to expose the real image of the
organization.
6. Some of the employees were not permitted by their seniors to fill the
questionnaire.
7. Some of the employees were not able to give the answers because of lack
of proper knowledge and other activities in the organization.
8. Employees were taking much time to agree for filling the questionnaire.

Conclusion
There is a fierce competition between Dell and HP for market domination of
laptops. It's quite difficult to come to a conclusion when you are going to buy a
laptop from one of these two brands. However, if you have right details it won't be
a tough decision to make. We are going to summarize the battle between HP vs.
Dell based on reliability, design, price, and customer service. Then it will be easier
to buy the best laptop that fits your needs. One of the important facts to consider
when you buy a laptop is its reliability. If a laptop can't be used for at least two
years without problems, there's no point of buying such laptop. Laptops are more
vulnerable than desktops. Also it's hard to find accessories for laptops. That's why
you need to make a wise decision when you are going to buy a laptop. It is
necessary to have better aesthetics for a laptop. That is one of the main reasons
why people tend to buy laptops. Dell laptops are usually simple in design and come
with vivid colors unlike HP laptops. Their keyboards are among the best for
laptops. Displays are pretty good with better brightness.
HP laptops have great looking designs including various patterns and textures in
the interior of the laptops. Also different styles of keyboards are available on their
laptops. However none of these brands can stands out from another based on their
design quality. We like to both of their designs. However Dell might have slight
edge over HP due to their keyboard designs and track pads. Customer service is
one of the important aspects when it comes to laptops. In this scenario Dell seems
to have a better chance of leading the game of Dell vs. HP.

Bibliography

 Philip Kotler -: Marketing Management

Kothari C.R. -: Research Methodology

New age international publishers , 2007

http://www.google .com
www.dellindia.com
www.india-today.com/btoday
www.hp.com