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    VET Timber Decay CH 7 Ws 9

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    RoOhi MugHal
    This document provides information on various types of timber decay and preservation methods. It discusses dry rot, wet rot, rising damp and how they are caused by fungi or excess moisture. It then explains different chemical treatment methods like CCA, Tanalith E and LOSP to preserve timber and protect it from decay. These treatments impregnate the wood to inhibit fungal or insect attacks. The document also mentions using primers before painting timber to improve paint adhesion and protect the surface.

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    VET Timber Decay CH 7 Ws 9

    Uploaded by

    RoOhi MugHal
    108 views5 pages
    This document provides information on various types of timber decay and preservation methods. It discusses dry rot, wet rot, rising damp and how they are caused by fungi or excess moisture. It then explains different chemical treatment methods like CCA, Tanalith E and LOSP to preserve timber and protect it from decay. These treatments impregnate the wood to inhibit fungal or insect attacks. The document also mentions using primers before painting timber to improve paint adhesion and protect the surface.

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    VET Timber Decay Ch 7 Ws 9

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    This document provides information on various types of timber decay and preservation methods. It discusses dry rot, wet rot, rising damp and how they are caused by fungi or excess moisture. It then explains different chemical treatment methods like CCA, Tanalith E and LOSP to preserve timber and protect it from decay. These treatments impregnate the wood to inhibit fungal or insect attacks. The document also mentions using primers before painting timber to improve paint adhesion and protect the surface.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views5 pages

    VET Timber Decay CH 7 Ws 9

    Uploaded by

    RoOhi MugHal
    This document provides information on various types of timber decay and preservation methods. It discusses dry rot, wet rot, rising damp and how they are caused by fungi or excess moisture. It then explains different chemical treatment methods like CCA, Tanalith E and LOSP to preserve timber and protect it from decay. These treatments impregnate the wood to inhibit fungal or insect attacks. The document also mentions using primers before painting timber to improve paint adhesion and protect the surface.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses different types of timber decay like dry rot, wet rot and rising damp. It also talks about various preservative treatments for timber like CCA, LOSP and Tanalised.

    The main types of timber decay discussed are dry rot, wet rot and rising damp. Each type requires different moisture levels and conditions to occur in timber.

    The main causes of rising damp mentioned are a damaged damp proof course, inadequate sub-floor ventilation, sub-floor obstructions, and poor drainage or damaged gutters and pipes directing water underneath the house.

    Worksheet 9

    Timber Decay / Attack / Preservation


    Timber Decay
    Timber decay (rot) is caused by a biological attack within the wood by certain species of fungi. The
    fungus can lie dormant in the timber for years until the right conditions present themselves. The
    conditions needed are oxygen, moisture and nutrients, with moisture being the critical component. If
    moisture is not present in timber, then the fungi will remain dormant, even when oxygen and the
    nutrients they require are abundant.

    Dry rot
    Dry rot is the term given to brown rot decay caused by
    certain fungi that deteriorate timber in buildings and
    other wooden constructions seemingly without an
    apparent source of moisture. The term is a misnomer
    because all wood decaying fungi need a minimum
    amount of moisture before decay begins. The decayed
    wood takes on a dark or browner crumbly appearance,
    with cubical like cracking or checking, that becomes
    brittle and can eventually crush the wood into powder.
    The term dry rot is somewhat misleading, as both
    species of fungi Serpula lacrymans and Meruliporia
    incrassata require an elevated moisture content to
    initiate an attack on timber (2830%). Once established,
    the fungi can remain active in timber with a moisture
    content of more than 20%

    Wet rot
    Wet rot is probably the commonest. If you have lived in
    a 1960s house or flat for any length of time you will be
    familiar with wet rot galloping around the window
    frames, door frames and the fascia boards decaying,
    despite careful painting and maintenance. The reason
    was the wrong timber was used due to shortages
    following the explosion of building in that period.
    Buildings of all ages can be affected by wet rot as it is a
    fungus which feeds on timber, the timber must be damp
    or wet for the fungus to thrive and continue the rotting
    process. Take away the cause of dampness and the rot
    stops. This is not rocket science but wet rot continues
    to occur in buildings, due mostly to lack of
    maintenance, including leaking roofs, flashings, gutters,
    water pipes, and proper decoration. The use of timber
    with a higher resistance to rot, better design of joinery
    and use of preservatives have gone a long way to
    reduce the problems of wet rot.

    Rising Damp
    Rising damp normally occurs in properties which either have
    not been built with a damp proof course (DPC) or where the
    DPC has failed. The most obvious signs of rising damp are a
    brown "tidemark" on the wall and the plaster below feeling cold
    or damp to the touch. Rising damp can affect any wall in
    contact with the ground and therefore can affect internal as well
    as external walls. It does not normally rise above about a metre
    in height.

    A phenomenon in masonry walls affected by rising damp is


    efflorescence. Water moving through a wall or other structure,
    or water being driven out as a result of the heat of hydration as
    cement stone is being formed, brings salts to the surface that
    are not commonly bound as part of the cement stone. As the
    water evaporates, it leaves the salt behind, which forms a
    white, fluffy deposit, that can normally be brushed off. The
    resulting white deposits are referred to as "efflorescence" in
    this instance. Since primary efflorescence brings out salts that
    are not ordinarily part of the cement stone, it is not a structural,
    but, rather, an aesthetic concern.

    The main causes of rising damp are:

    A damaged damp-proof course (dpc) and/or the damp proof course no longer copes with
    changing conditions such as a rise in ground level.

    Inadequate sub-floor ventilation lack of ventilation in the sub-floor results in a build up of


    humidity and means only minimal evaporation from the soil and base walls occurs.

    Sub-floor obstructions any debris in the sub-floor can obstruct the flow of ventilation and may
    contribute to dampness by bridging the damp-course.

    Poor drainage and/or damaged guttering and pipes Water may be directed underneath your
    house if you have poor drainage and built up garden beds and sloping grounds. If storm water
    pipes, gutters, roofs or down pipes are damaged, this can cause excessive leaking which can
    also cause dampness problems.

    Damp proof course in brickwork


    Damp proof course (DPC) is a barrier of impervious material
    built into a wall or pier to prevent moisture form moving to
    any part of the building.
    The DPC is built into base wall brickwork. It bridges brick
    skins and/or the brick and pier.
    The DPC is laid into the brick wall approximately two courses
    (two bricks) below the lowest timber member, typically the
    bearer.

    Repairing damaged damp proof course


    A new damp-proof course may be installed by:
    Physically inserting a new membrane
    A mortar bed-course, at a level below the lowest floor framing member is cut out and a new dpc
    membrane is then inserted into the resulting horizontal gap. This technique is now mostly
    associated with a patented method using a plastic bag as the membrane which is inserted into the
    joint and then pumped full of a quick-setting mortar to ensure support.
    Creating a chemical d.p.c.
    A horizontal row of holes is drilled into the bricks or mortar which is injected with a chemical under
    pressure to impregnate a band of bricks and mortar to create a moisture resistant layer.
    Further reading: http://www.abis.com.au/defective-or-bridged-damp-proof-course

    Structural Dampness
    Structural dampness is the presence of unwanted moisture in the structure of a building, either the
    result of intrusion from outside or condensation from within the structure.
    A high proportion of damp problems in buildings are caused by condensation, rain penetration or
    rising damp.
    The main factors that contribute to dampness in a building are

    Damaged gutters

    Leaky pipes

    Leaking roofs

    Leaky shower recesses

    Poor sub-floor ventilation

    Condensation due to poor ventilation

    Breakdown of damp proof course

    Poor drainage away from building

    Faulty flushing around roof structures

    Faulty joints in windows

    Timber Preservation
    http://www.woodsolutions.com.au/Articles/Resources/Timber-Preservation
    A range of different chemical treatments has been developed to enhance the durability and service
    life of timber. Such chemical treatments impregnate the wood cells, making them resistant to decay,
    insects, weather or fire.
    While chemical treatments add to the cost of the timber, they can significantly increase its lifetime.
    When used in environments in which there are known biological hazards, it is cost-effective to specify
    treated timber and expects a longer service life or a lower cost maintenance schedule. Remember
    though that treatment of timber is not a fail-safe solution that will prevent any biological degradation.
    Rather it inhibits the degradation when the timber is used in a normal environment. In abnormal
    environments (such as cooling towers and some horticultural applications where the timber is almost
    continually wet) specialist advice on detailing for durability should be sought.

    CCA treated pine


    Most of the timber used in pergolas and decking
    substructure is CCA treated pine. CCA treated timber
    is pressure treated and designed for use in outdoor
    areas or areas of increased moisture or insect
    habitation.
    CCA stands for Copper (23-25%) Chrome (38-45%)
    and Arsenic (30-37%). This solution is water borne and
    is designed to protect timber from rotting, attacks from
    fungus, termites and other wood boring insects.
    Within the solution Copper acts as a guard against
    rotting and decay, Arsenic is used as a pesticide to
    ward off insects and Chromium is used to bind these
    two agents together and make the treatment insoluble,
    in doing so preventing the solution from leaching from the timber.
    Once treated with a CCA solution pine will have a slight greenish tinge. CCA treatment will guard
    against decay and insects; however natural discolouration will still occur if the timber is left
    unpainted or unstained.
    CCA Safety
    In accordance with an APVMA (Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority)
    recommendation of March 2005, CCA treated timber will no longer be used in the production of:

    Garden furniture

    Picnic tables

    Exterior seating

    Childrens play equipment

    Decking boards

    Handrails

    Tanilith E (copperbased) preservatives


    In response to increasing environmental pressure to find preservative formulations that have reduced
    reliance on non-biodegradable and heavy metal constituents, a number of copper-based
    preservatives have been developed such as Tanalith E (or Copper Azole). These preservatives have
    copper as a primary active constituent as well as an organic co-biocide such as Tebuconazole
    The main advantage of these products is the elimination of arsenic and chromium which is seen as
    an improvement for occupational health, environmental liability and disposal of wastes.

    LOSP (Light Organic Solvent-borne preservative)


    LOSP is a solvent-borne preservative treatment of pine
    timber. The organic solvent takes the preservative into the wood
    and is drawn out in the last stages of treatment leaving the
    preservative in the wood.
    LOSP treated pine has long lasting protection against decay and
    insect attack.
    LOSP treated timber is great for appearance applications such as
    external joinery, due to it leaving the light coloured appearance
    unchanged after treatment.
    LOSP timber is frequently coated with a protective oil based
    primer which is usually pink. This primer is applied to stabilise
    and protect timber during storage and installation, not as a paint primer. As a result it is
    recommended that LOSP primed timber be sanded down to remove the primer before painting.

    Primer
    Primer or undercoat is a preparatory coating put on materials before painting. Priming ensures better
    adhesion of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the
    material being painted.
    If used on timber before use or erection (eg on the back of weatherboards) the timber will be better
    protected from the effects of moisture.

    Tanalised Treated Pine (Blue pine)


    Tanalised treated pine is a safe organic based insecticide treatment which protects wood against
    termites. It is made up of a common insecticide called permethrin and a linseed oil blend, which
    makes it safe and cost effective. The timber treated with this treatment is used for framing and roof
    trusses in construction. There are two versions of this treatment, one blue in colour which is only
    suitable for used in areas south of the Tropic of Capricorn and red which is suitable for all areas in
    Australia. Tanilised treated timber is guaranteed for 25 years when used in accordance with the
    building code and Australian Standards.
    http://www.bluepine.com.au/documents/bluepine-treatment-protection-system.pdf

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