Experimental Analysis of Magneto-Rheological Elastomer

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 6

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016

RESEARCH ARTICLE

OPEN ACCESS

Experimental Analysis of Magneto-Rheological Elastomer


Bharat Bhagwat Waghode1, Dr.Bimlesh Kumar2
1(ME Student, , Department of Mechanical Engg,J. T. Mahajan college of engineering, Faizpur (NMU), Maharashtra,
India)
2 (Principal, J. T. Mahajan college of engineering, Faizpur (NMU), Maharashtra, India)

Abstract:
This paper presents the experimental and analytical modal analysis of a magneto-rheological
elastomer. The effective material and geometrical properties are measured, and the dynamic behaviour is
investigated through testing. Fabrication of isotropic and anisotropic magneto-rheological elastomers
with different percentages of iron particles are carried out. Also two numbers of silicon elastomer in
which one having steel net kept layer by layer in place of iron particles during pouring of liquid silicon
elastomer in mould, other is simple silicon elastomer without iron particle or steel net are fabricated.The
modal analysis of all samples are being analyzed using FFT analyser. And transmissibility and
amplitudes of all samples are compared with respect to load. A comparative study has been made
between different samples of MREs using results and comparisons obtained using experimental method.
Keywords Smart material, Magneto-rheological elastomer, Transmissibility

I INTRODUCTION
Recently, a very attractive and effective semiactive absorbers featuring magneto-rheological
(MR) materials such as MR fluids (MRFs) or MR
elastomers (MREs) have been proposed by many
investigators. These absorbing devices based on
MR technique have a number of attractive
characteristics for use in vibration control, such as
fast response characteristic to magnetic field, wide
control bandwidth and compact size. MR materials
include MRFs, MR foams and MREs, whose
rheological properties can be controlled by the
application of an external magnetic field. The most
common MR material is MRFs, which is
magnetically polarizable particles suspended in
viscous fluids. Since their invention in 1948, MRF
technique has made significant advancements. The
MRFs have been proved to be commercially viable
and well suited for many applications, such as the
automotive suspension vibration control, the
earthquake resistance, clutch.
Solid analogs of MRFs and MREs can avoid
those disadvantages such as settling of particles
normally associated with MRFs. MREs include a
ISSN: 2395-1303

wide variety of composite materials, which


typically consist of magnetically polarizable
particles dispersed in a polymer medium. The
mechanical properties of MREs such as the storage
and loss modulus are altered reversibly by the
application of an external magnetic field. Moreover,
MREs do not need channels or seals to hold or
prevent leakage, are more stable and avoid the
particle sedimentation associated with MRFs.
Therefore, MREs have many potential engineering
applications for vibration control in damping and
vibration isolation systems.
Base isolation systems are the most widely
implemented technique world-widely for the
seismic protection. When earthquake comes, the
base isolation system will decouple external
vibrations by isolating destructive frequency
contents from transmitting into the main structure
above thus maintain the integrity and safety of the
structure and contents therein. A new smart material,
Magnetorheological (MR) elastomer, promises a
solution for overcoming these challenges by
developing an adaptive base isolator. MR elastomer
consists of natural or synthetic rubber matrix
interspersed with micron sized (typically 3 to

http://www.ijetjournal.org

Page 25

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016

5microns) ferromagnetic particles. Similar as MR


fluids, MR elastomers possess magnetic fieldsensitive shear modulus and damping which can be
controlled by external magnetic field. Under
magnetic field, the material switches from rubberlike property into solid material. After removing the
magnetic field, it regains its original state as a
rubber. Notably, this process is instant, reversible
and repeatable. Due to these attractive features,
MRE has received a great deal of attention to be
used in the development of vibration isolators and
vibration absorbers.
The structure of magnetorheological
elastomer shows that when a magnetic field is
applied the ferromagnetic particles arrange into
chains (particle clusters) parallel to the magnetic
field lines. Chains may interconnect and branch off
forming fibrils.

reaction taking place during curing, clean curing


process without formation of any byproducts, and
having a good dielectic properties. The
Sylgards184 was available in two parts namely
part A, and part B. Part A is base while part B is
curing agent. It was recommended to mix A and B
in proportion of 10:1.
The materials used for the MREs are: RTV liquid
silicone rubber with its curing agent, silicone oil,
and carbonyl iron particles, The diameters of the
iron particles are between 3 m and 5 m. The
mixture of RTV liquid silicone rubber (Part A) and
its curing agent (Part B) with 10:1 proportion was
mixed properly by electric stirrer also without waste
of time second mixture of silicon oil (350 CTSK)
and carbonyl iron particle of 3 to 10 micron size
with given proportion was mixed by same process.
These two mixture throughly mixed together by
electric stirrer and then it was put into a vacuum
case to remove the air bubbles inside it, and then
the mixture was poured into a mold for curing
under constant magnetic field. The curing time for
MRE sample is 48 hours. By taking lots of efforts
and observations under experts guidance, four
MREmoulds were fabricated.
A. Fabrication Of Isotropic And Anisotropic MRElastomers

Fig 1: Structure of Magnetorheological elastomer, Ferromagnetic particles in


a elastomer
I.
under no magnetic field, and (b) with magnetic field applied.

In
order
to
shear
the
magnetorheologicalelastomer under a magnetic
field extra force must be exerted to break the cluster
of chains/fibrils.
II. FABRICATION OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS
For preparation of MRE, different types of
rubbers were available in market. While selecting a
particular type of rubber, its properties and
availability were considered. In this work RTV
Sylgards184 silicone elastomer (made from Dow
corning Ltd. Powai, Mumbai) was selected due to
its inherent advantages like it cures at constant rate,
regardless of sectional thickness degree of
confinement, works in wide temperature range that
is from -45C to 200C, post curing is not require at
any condition, available easily, shrinkage is
minimum at the timing of curing, no exothermal

ISSN: 2395-1303

TABLE 1
FABRICATION OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS

Sa
mpl
e

Sample
Type

Isotropi
c MRE
Anisotr
opic
MRE
Isotropi
c MRE
Anisotr
opic
MRE
Isotropi
c MRE
Anisotr
opic
MRE
Elasto
mer
with
steel
net

3
4

5
6

Content (by weight in gm.)

Total
weig
ht of
samp
le

Total
weig
ht
after
curin
g

Liqui
d Si
Rubbe
r

Curin
g
agent

Si
oil

Iron
parti
c-le

Curi
ng
time
in
Hrs.

100

10

10

15

48

135

240

100

10

25

30

48

165

260

50

50

350

48

455

470

50

10

48

85

120

http://www.ijetjournal.org

steel
net
wt.
= 20

Page 26

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016

Fig2: Sample of Isotropic MRE (Sample no.1,3,and 5)

Fig.5 Experimental set up


Fig 3: Sample of Anisotropic MRE (Sample no.2,4,and 6)

A. Construction And Testing

The experimental set up consist of portable


dead channel FFT, vibration table, laptop and two
accelerometers (one placed near or on the vibration
exciter and other on top on mass pan).The MR
elastomer was used in this study has 505040
(lbh) in dimension. Also it requires fixture for
testing containing two steel plates for resting the
sample in between them by nut and bolt. For this,
the test set-up
up used was as shown in figure
3.1.Prior to the start of the experiment the whole
Fig 4 : Sample of Elastomer with steel net (Sample no.7)
set
et up is mounted on vibration table with
connection
of FFT and was ran for 10 min means
III. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM
at
which
condition
resonance occurred. The MR
DEVELOPMENT
elastomer with connecting aasembly was clamped
ration table shown in figure 5.
5 The
This section discusses the process of to the vibration
vibration
table
was
actuated
by
FFT
that
converted
manufacturing as well as the components of the
the rotary motion of the motor shaft into linear to
experimental systems and test results.
and fro motion.
The elastomer was tested with zero load,
10N, 20N and 30N load. The force experienced in
the MR elastomer and connecting aasembly, was
sensed by upper accelerometer fixed at the top of
the set-up
up and lower accelerometer placed near or
on the vibration exciter as shown in figure 5. The
test was performed with all the samples of isotropic

ISSN: 2395-1303
1303

http://www.ijetjournal.org

Page 27

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016

and anisotropic MRE with zero load, 10N, 20N and


30N load respectively.

1.8

TABLE 2
RESULTS OF ALL SAMPLES

1.6

Isotropic 15
gm

1.4

Anisotropic
15gm

1.2

Isotropic 30
gm

Anisotropic
30 gm

Sampl
e

Frequen
cy.

Load

Zero
1

48.3
10N
20N
Zero

48.3
10N
20N
Zero

48.3
10N
20N
Zero

48.3
10N
20N
Zero

48.3
10N
20N
Zero

48.3
10N
20N
Zero

48.3
10N
20N

Amplitude

Transmi
ssi-bility

% of
vibration
absoptio
n

Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower

7.13
9.58
6.89
9.43
6.78
9.29
6.91
9.48
6.89
9.42
6.66
9.01
6.48
9.19
6.41
9.28
6.39
9.31
5.26
9.06
5.12
8.34
5.55
8.92
7.38
9.31
7.27
9.19
6.74
8.57
6.77
8.67
6.39
8.16
5.71
7.28
7.19
9.31
7.08
9.19
6.59
8.57

1.3436

25.574

1.3687

26.935

1.3702

27.018

10

20

30

Graph 1 : Load vs Transmissibility


1.3719

27.110

1.3672

26.858

1.3529

26.082

1.4182

29.489

1.4477

30.927

1.4570

31.364

1.7224

41.943

1.6289

38.609

1.6072

37.780

1.2615

20.730

1.2641

20.892

1.2715

21.354

1.2806

21.915

1.2770

21.691

Isotropic 15
gm

7.5
7

Anisotropic
15gm

6.5
6

Isotropic 30
gm

5.5
5
0

1.2750

21.566

1.2949

22.771

1.2980

22.960

1.3005

23.104

A. Comparison of load with transmissibility and


amplitudes

10

20

30

Anisotropic
30 gm

Graph 2 : Load vs Upper amplitude

10
9.5
9
8.5
8
7.5
7

Isotropic 15
gm
Anisotropic
15gm
Isotropic 30
gm
0

IV. GRAPH AND DISCUSSION

ISSN: 2395-1303

10

20

30

Anisotropic
30 gm

Graph 3 : Load vs lower amplitude

1. There is a fraction changes in transmissibility in


all samples as per the load increases but generally
in isotropic MRE as the load increases
transmissibility increases and in anisotropic MRE
there is decrease in transmissibility as the load
increases. Maximum variation in transmissibility
occurs in isotropic and anisotropic MRE with 30

http://www.ijetjournal.org

Page 28

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016

gm iron particles because it shows maximum


vibration absorption among all samples.
2. There is reduction in upper amplitudes in all
samples as per the load increases. In isotropic MRE
with 30 gm iron particles there is less reduction in
upper amplitude and anisotropic MRE with 30 gm
iron particles shows opposite changes among all
MRE samples.
3.There is reduction in lower amplitudes in all
samples as per the load increases. In isotropic MRE
with 30 gm iron particles there is increase in lower
amplitude and anisotropic MRE with 30 gm iron
particles shows reduction in amplitude at 10N after
it shows increase in amplitude and again it slightly
decreases.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
As when the MR elastomer was tested without
magnetic field under zero load, 10N load, 20N load
and 30N load respectively reduced the amplitude of
vibration at same frequency also transmissibility
and percentage of vibration absorption increases
with increases the load. And as when the MR
damper was tested with magnetic field under zero
load, 10N load, 20N load and 30N load respectively
transmissibility and percentage of vibration
absorption decreases with increases the load.
The best results of percentage of vibration control is
obtained with fabrication of anisotropic and
isotropic MRE with 30 gm iron particle behind that
anisotropic and isotropic MRE with 15 gm iron
particle have good results of vibration control. It
observed that when we increases the percentages of
iron particle in same MRE sample from normal
limit transmissibility and percentage of vibration
absorption decreases. If we put thin steel net in
place of iron particle layer by layer in between layer
of elastomer shows moderate results of vibration
control.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I offer my gratitude and it is my privilege to
acknowledge indebtedness to my estimated guide
Dr.Bimlesh Kumarand Co-ordinatorDr.M.M.Patil.
It is stern guidance and grandeur of him
which has brought this work in a proper channel.

ISSN: 2395-1303

This guidance not only helps me to collect the


knowledge but also to gain the confidence which
would help me in future. My association with him
as a student has been extreme pleasing.I pay my
sincere thanks to Prof.D.A.Warke,HOD of
Mechanical Engineering Department. I would also
like to thank Principal Dr.Bimlesh Kumarsir for his
encouragement and valuable suggestions.Finally
heartfelt appreciation to the all those who directly
and indirectly helped me in completion of this
experiment.
REFERENCES
1.DONG Xiao-min, YU Miao, LIAO Chang-rong,
CHEN Wei-min,(2009) A new variable stiffness
absorber based on magneto-rheological elastomer
International Journal of Nonferrous Met. Soc. China
19(2009) s611s615
2. G. J. Liao, X-L Gong, S. H. Xuan, C. J. Kang and
L. H. Zong,(2011) Development of a real-time
tunable stiffness and damping vibration isolator
based on magnetorheological elastomer Journal of
Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23(1)
2533
3. Yancheng Li, Jianchun Li, Weihua Li,(2013),
Design and experimental testing of an adaptive
magneto- rheological elastomer base isolator
IEEE / ASME International Conference on
Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) (pp. 381386). United States: IEEE.
4.Xianzhou Zhang, SuiliPeng,WeijiaWen,Weihua
Li,(2008), Analysis and fabrication of patterned
magnetorheological elastomers IOP Published
Smart Mater. Struct.17 045001 (5pp)
5.S.R.Kumbhar,SubhasisMaji,BimleshKumar,(2013
),Development and Characterization of Isotropic
Magnetorheological Elastomer Universal Journal
of Mechanical Engineering 1(1): 18-21, 2013
6.SriharshaHegde, K.V. Gangadharan, (2014),
Testing
of
RTV-Silicone
based
thick
magnetorheological elastomers under harmonic
loading conditions International Journal of

http://www.ijetjournal.org

Page 29

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016

Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue


2, ISSN 2229-5518
7.S.R.Kumbhar,SubhasisMaji, Bimlesh Kumar,
Development And Testing Of MRE Bushing For
Road Vehicle Suspension System International
Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical
Engineering (IJMECH) Vol.2, No.3, August 2013

ISSN: 2395-1303

http://www.ijetjournal.org

Page 30

You might also like