EVT577 Wastewater Exp3 BOD

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
B. Sc. (Hons.) ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
EVT 577 : WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY
LAB NO
: 3
TITLE
: BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDS (BOD)
GROUP
: AS2294A
GRADER
: NURUL NADIAH MOHD FIRDAUS
DATE OF
EXPERIMENT
: 24 MARCH 2016
NAME / STUDENT ID :
1) MUHAMAD FADZRIL BIN AFINDI

2014860708
2) FAIZAL BIN ALIAS
2014225942
3) MOHD FAHMI BIN MOHD YUSOF
2014415098
INTRODUCTION
BOD is defined as the amount of oxygen required by living organisms

in the stabilization of the organic matter of water. If the oxidation of an
organic compound is carried out by microorganisms using the organic
matter as a food source, the oxygen is consumed. The greater the amount
of organic matter present, the greater the amount of oxygen utilized. The
BOD test is indirect measurement of organic matter. Since the test is
performed over a five day period, it is often refferred as five day BOD
(BOD5).
It is generally assumed that the rate at which oxygen is consumed
directly proportional to the concentration of degradable organic matter
remaining at any time. Different result would be obtained at different
temperatures because biochemical reaction rates are temperaturedependent.
For five day BOD (BOD5), the sample is kept in incubator which
remains around 20 . Most of the biological process speed up as the
temperature increase and slow down as the temperature drop. The
temperature of 20 is standard temperature in lab and it is suitable for
the bacteria active in breaking down the waste.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in a water sample.
METHOD
1. Wastewater was diluted into 300 ml of deionised water and 300 ml
of wastewater. The dilution factor is 0.5.
DO1
2. 2 Schott bottles was prepared where one bottles for
and one
bottles for
DO5
3. The bottles was filled up with the diluted water. For
DO5
, the
bottles was wrapped instantly with foil and stored.

MnSO4
4. 1 ml of
and 1 ml of alkali-iodide-acids was pipetted into the
DO1
bottle.
5. A yellowish brown suspension reactions was formed. 1 ml of H2SO4

was added to the suspension solution.
6. The bottle was inverted until the suspension dissapeared.
7. 200 ml of the solution was poured into a conical flask.
8. 3-4 drops of starch indicator was added.
9. The solution was titrated with sodium thiosulfate until the color
changes from blue to clear.
DO1
10.
Result was recorded for
.
11.
For
DO5
, steps 1-10 was repeated on day 5.
RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

Result of the sample wastewater
pH
6.71
BOD data table.

Sample of wastewater
DO1
READING (ml)
8.20
DO5
5.20
Dilution factor, n = 0.5
Calculation of the BOD
BOD5, mg/L =
8.20 ml5.20 ml
0.5
= 6 ppm
DISCUSSIONS
From the experiment, the samples that containing cautic alkalinity or
acidity be must be adjusted before preparing BOD dilution. To conduct
BOD experiment, the BOD dilution must be natural which range between
pH values of 6.5 to 7.5 because microbes are most active in this range of
pH value. The sample must be prepared not more than 24 hours. If it is
begin within 2 hours of collection, cold storage is unnecessary but, if the
test will begin within more than 2 hours, the sample must keep at or below
4C during compositing.
The function of BOD bottles cap and seal water is to ensure that
there is no air bubble is trapped in the bottle that will affect the
characteristics of sample. It is also to prevent further oxygen dissolving in.
Otherwise, bottles cap was using to reduce evaporation of the water seal
during evaporation. The samples that containing residual chlorine can be
dechlorinated before preparation of BOD dilutions because to determine
valuable of bacterial source. Chlorine can kill the microbes live and
bacteria in samples.
The samples which have been dechlorinated must be seeded with
300mL of BOD water in the BOD bottle before allows it store in the BOD
incubator. DO levels are highest if the sample of water is not polluted
means there is no toxic and bacterial effect so in sample of water there is
a lot of oxygen demanding wastes is well within self-purification capacity.
Otherwise, the BOD will low which is water sample not have microbes live.
Then DO levels low if sample water not have enough oxygen to dissolve in
water that need to all leaving things.
The BOD result is not in the range of Standard A and Standard B.

Standard A (20mg/l) is the indicator for drinking water while Standard B
(50 mg/l) is the indicator for inland water quality. Hence, we can say that
the water sample is quite polluted. The organic material will consume the
oxygen in the water due to the microbes activities. The consequence is
the water polluted and the BOD5 reading is not in the range of standard
water quality.
CONCLUSIONS
The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) has been determined. The
water sample has been polluted as the BOD5 reading is out of the
Standard A and B. The recommendation to solve the problem is to apply
water treatment to the water source and to prevent incorrect handling of
human activities that causes the pollution of water source.
REFERENCES
1. http://www.aboutcivil.org/To-Determine-Biochemical-Oxygen
%20Demand-Of-A-Given-Sample.html
2. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/BiotechEnviron/Environmental/BOD/coda.htm
3. http://www.mantech-inc.com/products/why_bod_cod/
QUESTIONS
a) What is seeding process in BOD measurement?
Seeding is a process of adding live bacteria and microorganism to a
sample. If the samples tested contain materials which could kill or
injure the microorganisms, the condition must be corrected and
healthy active organisms added.
b) Explain preparation of seed material.
Select a material to be used for seeding which will have a BOD of at
least 180 mg/L. This will help ensure that the seed correction
meets the 0.6 mg/L minimum specified in Standard Methods.
Place the material in a suitable container and incubate at 20C for
24-36 hours. Usually, settled raw domestic sewage prepared in the
manner above will have sufficient BOD for use as a seed material.
If not, small quantities of digester supernatant, return activated
sludge, or an acclimated seed material can be used to increase
the potency of the seed material used for the test.
As an alternative, commercially available seed material may be
used. The seed correction should not exceed 1.0 mg/L BOD;
therefore, care should be taken not to use too strong a seed

material for the test.
The key to a good seed correction is a relatively stable seed material
which produces a good seed correction in every test situation
c) What materials can be used to seed a BOD sample?
Any source of water which can provide a suitable population of
organisms can be used, however, settled raw sewage or commercially
prepared seed material are the most common sources.
d) What is the significance of dissolved oxygen?
Dissolved oxygen allows animals to breathe in water and it provides a
suitable habitat for the other animals. Bacteria in the water also use
this oxygen to break down animals and plants. The oxygen level is
not very high in most water sources. If the oxygen level is reduced,
the animals begin to die. It is also to maintaining the aquatic life and
aesthetic quality of streams and lakes.

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FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

B. Sc. (Hons.) ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

EVT 577 : WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY

: BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDS (BOD)

: NURUL NADIAH MOHD FIRDAUS

1) MUHAMAD FADZRIL BIN AFINDI

BOD is defined as the amount of oxygen required by living organisms

3. The bottles was filled up with the diluted water. For

bottles was wrapped instantly with foil and stored.

5. A yellowish brown suspension reactions was formed. 1 ml of H2SO4

, steps 1-10 was repeated on day 5.

RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

BOD data table.

Dilution factor, n = 0.5

Calculation of the BOD

The BOD result is not in the range of Standard A and Standard B.

therefore, care should be taken not to use too strong a seed

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