60/60F Hydrometer

Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in water, usually

expressed in parts per thousand (ppt or 0/00) units (parts of
salts per 1000 parts of water). Freshwater contains few salts;
drinking water usually has a salinity of less than 0.5 ppt.
Seawater salinity averages 35 ppt.

The tables that are widely used to convert hydrometer readings

(specific gravity) at any temperature to density at 15C were
designed to be used with a hydrometer calibrated on a 15C/4C
basis.
Most hydrometers used for salinity measurements are calibrated on
a 60/60F basis. The calibration basis for a hydrometer is printed
on the paper scale inside each hydrometer.
If a 60/60F hydrometer is used with conversion tables designed
for 15C/4C hydrometer, a value is obtained which is 0.001
higher than it should be. When converted to salinity, this error
produces a salinity reading that averages 1.3 parts per thousand
(ppt) higher than it should be.
The tables included in this manual are designed to be used with a
hydrometer calibrated on a 60/60F basis. Check the hydrometer
you are using and be sure to use the correct conversion table for
that type of hydrometer.
Salinity may be calculated by measuring the actual specific gravity
(Sp Gr) with a 60/60F hydrometer and temperature of the water
simultaneously, then finding the corresponding salinity on Table 1.

WARNING: contains LEAD. A product in this kit contains

a LEAD (Pb) weight. Weights should not be handled by children
under 14 without adult supervision.

Procedure
1. Fill a hydrometer jar (3-0024) about 3 4 full with water to be
tested.
2. Hang the thermometer (3-1066) in the jar so that it is totally
submerged.
NOTE: Make sure that the thermometer does not interfere
with the hydrometerthe hydrometer must float freely.
3. Lower the hydrometer (3-0011) carefully into the jar. Allow it
to float freely in the jar. Avoid splashing drops onto
hydrometer stem above water level.
4. Viewing the thermometer through the clear jar, read and record
the temperature.
5. Read the specific gravity from the scale in the hydrometer stem
at the point where the scale crosses the surface of the water
sample in the jar. Note that the water seems to creep up the
glass stem of the hydrometer. The correct reading is obtained at
the water level, not at the higher point called the meniscus.
See Diagram 1.
Diagram 1
Correctly Reading The Hydrometer

1.0020
Water Level
Read At
Water Level

Meniscus

1.0025

NOTE: Be sure your eye is even with the water level in the
hydrometer jar. Viewing down or up at an angle can give an
incorrect reading.

6. The specific gravity may be read to the fourth decimal place

using the lines printed between the labeled graduations. Use
the illustration in diagram 2 to help identify the values on the
scale.
7. Use Table 1 to convert the hydrometer reading and
temperature to SALINITY in parts per thousand (ppt).
Example:
The observed hydrometer specific gravity (S.G.) reading is 1.0110
and water temperature in the hydrometer jar is 25C.
Using Table 1, locate the observed reading of 1.0110 in the
left-hand column. Move across the chart row horizontally to the
25 column. The number found, 16.9, is the SALINITY in parts
per thousand (ppt).
Diagram 2
Reading The Hydrometer Specific Gravity Scale
1.0000

1.0000
1.0005
1.0010
1.0015
1.0020
1.0025
1.0030
1.0035
1.0040
1.0045
1.0050
1.0055
1.0060
1.0065
1.0070
1.0075
1.0080

05

Table 1

Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt)

Note: For use with 60/60F hydrometer

Observed
Reading
(SpGr) -1.0

Temperature of Water (C)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0.6
1.9
3.1
4.2

0.5
1.8
2.9
4.2

0.5
1.6
2.9
4.1

0.2
1.6
2.8
4.1

0.2
1.6
2.8
4.1

0.2
1.5
2.8
4.1

0.2
1.5
2.8
4.1

0.2
1.6
2.8
4.1

0.2
1.6
2.9
4.2

1.0000
1.0010
1.0020
1.0030
1.0040

0.6
1.9
3.2
4.4

1.0050
1.0060
1.0070
1.0080
1.0090

5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4

5.4
5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4
6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6
6.6
6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7
8.1 8.0 7.9 7.9
7.9
7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0
9.3 9.2 9.2 9.2
9.2
9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.3
10.5 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6

1.0100
1.0110
1.0120
1.0130
1.0140

11.8
13.0
14.3
15.4
16.7

11.7
13.0
14.1
15.4
16.6

11.7
12.8
14.1
15.4
16.6

11.7
12.8
14.1
15.4
16.6

11.7
12.8
14.1
15.4
16.6

11.7
12.8
14.1
15.4
16.6

11.7
13.0
14.1
15.4
16.7

11.7
13.0
14.3
15.4
16.7

11.8
13.0
14.3
15.6
16.9

11.8
13.1
14.4
15.7
17.0

1.0150
1.0160
1.0170
1.0180
1.0190

17.9
19.2
20.4
21.7
22.9

17.9
19.1
20.4
21.7
22.9

17.9
19.1
20.4
21.6
22.9

17.9
19.1
20.4
21.6
22.9

17.9
19.1
20.4
21.7
22.9

17.9
19.2
20.4
21.7
23.0

17.9
19.2
20.5
21.7
23.0

18.0
19.3
20.5
21.8
23.1

18.0
19.3
20.6
22.0
23.3

18.2
19.5
20.8
22.1
23.4

1.0200
1.0210
1.0220
1.0230
1.0240

24.2
25.3
26.6
27.8
29.1

24.2
25.3
26.6
27.8
29.1

24.0
25.3
26.6
27.8
29.1

24.2
25.3
26.6
27.8
29.1

24.2
25.5
26.6
27.9
29.1

24.2
25.5
26.8
27.9
29.4

24.3
25.6
26.8
28.1
29.4

24.3
25.6
26.9
28.2
29.5

24.4
25.7
27.0
28.3
29.5

24.6
25.9
27.2
28.5
29.8

1.0250
1.0260
1.0270
1.0280
1.0290

30.3
31.6
32.8
34.1
35.2

30.3
31.6
32.8
34.1
35.2

30.3
31.6
32.9
34.1
35.4

30.4
31.6
32.9
34.1
35.4

30.4
31.7
32.9
34.2
335.5

30.6
31.7
33.0
34.5
35.6

30.6
31.9
33.2
34.5
35.6

30.7
32.0
33.3
34.5
35.8

30.8
32.1
33.4
34.7
35.9

30.9
32.2
33.5
34.8
36.2

1.0300
1.0310

36.5 36.5 36.5 36.7 36.7 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.2 37.3
37.7 37.7 37.8 37.8 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.4 38.5 38.6

Table 1

Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt)

Note: For use with 60/60F hydrometer

Observed
Reading
(Sp Gr)

9.0

1.0000
1.0010
1.0020
1.0030
1.0040

0.5
1.6
2.9
4.2

1.0050
1.0060
1.0070
1.0080
1.0090

5.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.7 7.0
6.8 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.9 8.0 8.3
8.1 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.8 8.9 9.2 9.3 9.6
9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.2 10.5 10.6 10.9
10.6 10.7 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.3 11.5 11.8 11.9 12.2

1.0100
1.0110
1.0120
1.0130
1.0140

11.9
13.2
14.5
15.8
17.0

12.0
13.4
14.7
15.8
17.1

12.2
13.5
14.8
16.0
17.3

12.3
13.6
14.9
16.2
17.5

12.4
13.7
15.0
16.3
17.7

12.6
13.9
15.2
16.5
17.8

12.8
14.1
15.4
16.7
18.0

13.1
14.4
15.7
17.0
18.3

13.2
14.5
15.8
17.1
18.6

13.5
14.8
16.1
17.4
18.7

1.0150
1.0160
1.0170
1.0180
1.0190

18.3
19.6
20.9
22.2
23.5

18.4
19.7
21.0
22.3
23.6

18.6
19.9
21.2
22.5
23.8

18.8
20.1
21.3
22.6
23.9

19.0
20.3
21.6
22.9
24.2

19.1
20.4
21.7
23.0
24.3

19.3
20.6
22.0
23.3
24.6

19.6
20.9
22.2
23.5
24.8

19.9
21.2
22.5
23.8
25.1

20.0
21.3
22.7
24.0
25.3

1.0200
1.0210
1.0220
1.0230
1.0240

24.7
26.0
27.3
28.6
29.9

24.8
26.1
27.4
28.7
30.0

25.1
26.4
27.7
28.9
30.2

25.2
26.5
27.8
29.1
30.4

25.5
26.8
28.1
29.4
30.6

25.6
26.9
28.2
29.5
30.8

25.9
27.2
28.5
29.8
31.1

26.1
27.4
28.7
30.0
31.3

26.4
27.7
29.0
30.3
31.6

26.6
27.9
29.2
30.6
31.9

1.0250
1.0260
1.0270
1.0280
1.0290

31.1
32.4
33.7
35.0
36.3

31.3
32.6
33.9
35.1
36.4

31.5
32.8
34.1
35.4
36.7

31.7
33.0
34.3
35.6
36.8

31.9
33.2
34.5
35.8
37.1

32.1
33.4
34.7
36.0
37.3

32.4
33.7
35.0
36.3
37.6

32.6
33.9
35.2
36.5
37.8

32.9
34.2
35.5
36.8
38.1

33.2
34.5
35.8
37.1
38.4

1.0300
1.0310

37.6 37.7 38.0 38.1 38.4 38.6 38.9 39.1 39.4 39.7
38.9 39.0 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.9 40.2 40.5 40.7 41.0

Temperature of Water (C)

10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0
0.5
1.8
3.1
4.4

0.6
1.9
3.2
4.5

0.6
2.0
3.3
4.6

0.7
2.1
3.4
4.8

0.8
2.3
3.6
4.9

1.0
2.4
3.7
5.0

0.0
1.2
2.5
3.8
5.1

0.2
1.5
2.8
4.1
5.4

0.3
1.6
2.9
4.2
5.5

Table 1

Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt)

Note: For use with 60/60F hydrometer

Observed
Reading
(Sp Gr)
0.9990
1.0000
1.0010
1.0020
1.0030
1.0040

18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6
1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.2
4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5
5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 7.0

1.0050
1.0060
1.0070
1.0080
1.0090

7.1 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.3
8.4 8.5 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.6
9.7 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.9
11.0 11.1 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.7 11.8 11.9 12.0 12.2
12.3 12.4 12.6 12.7 12.8 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.4 13.6

1.0100
1.0110
1.0120
1.0130
1.0140

13.6
14.9
16.2
17.5
18.8

13.7
15.0
16.3
17.7
19.0

13.9
15.2
16.5
17.8
19.1

14.0
15.3
16.6
17.9
19.3

14.1
15.4
16.7
18.0
19.5

14.3
15.6
17.0
18.3
19.6

14.4
15.7
17.1
18.4
19.7

14.5
16.0
17.3
18.6
19.9

14.8
16.1
17.4
18.7
20.0

14.9
16.2
17.5
18.8
20.1

1.0150
1.0160
1.0170
1.0180
1.0190

20.1
21.4
22.9
24.2
25.5

20.4
21.7
23.0
24.3
25.6

20.5
21.8
23.1
24.4
25.7

20.6
22.0
23.3
24.6
25.9

20.8
22.1
23.4
24.7
26.0

20.9
22.2
23.5
24.8
26.1

21.0
22.3
23.6
24.9
26.4

21.2
22.5
23.8
25.2
26.5

21.3
22.7
24.0
25.3
26.6

21.6
22.9
24.2
25.5
26.8

1.0200
1.0210
1.0220
1.0230
1.0240

26.8
28.1
29.4
30.7
32.0

26.9
28.2
29.5
30.8
32.1

27.0
28.3
29.6
30.9
32.2

27.2
28.5
29.8
31.2
32.5

27.3
28.6
30.0
31.3
32.6

27.4
28.9
30.2
31.5
32.8

27.7
29.0
30.3
31.6
32.9

27.8
29.1
30.4
31.7
33.2

27.9
29.2
30.7
32.0
33.3

28.2
29.5
30.8
32.1
33.4

1.0250
1.0260
1.0270
1.0280
1.0290

33.3
34.6
35.9
37.2
38.6

33.4
34.7
36.2
37.5
38.8

33.7
35.0
36.3
37.6
38.9

33.8
35.1
36.4
37.7
39.0

33.9
35.2
36.5
37.8
39.1

34.1
35.4
36.7
38.1
39.4

34.2
35.6
36.9
38.2
39.5

34.5
35.8
37.1
38.4
39.7

34.6
35.9
37.2
38.5
39.9

34.7
36.0
37.5
38.8
40.1

1.0300
1.0310

39.9 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.6 40.7 40.8 41.0 41.2 41.4
41.2 41.4 41.5 41.8 41.9 42.0 42.1 42.3 42.5

Temperature of Water (C)

Table 1

Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt)

Note: For use with 60/60F hydrometer

Observed
Reading
(Sp Gr)
0.9980
0.9990
1.0000
1.0010
1.0020
1.0030
1.0040

Temperature of Water (C)

23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.9
1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2
2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5
4.4 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9
5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2
7.1 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.3 8.4 8.5

1.0050
1.0060
1.0070
1.0080
1.0090

8.4 8.5 8.7 8.9

9.7 9.8 10.1 10.2
11.0 11.3 11.4 11.5
12.4 12.6 12.7 12.8
13.7 13.9 14.0 14.1

9.1
10.4
11.7
13.0
14.4

9.2
10.5
11.9
13.2
14.5

9.3
10.7
12.0
13.4
14.7

9.6
10.9
12.2
13.6
14.9

9.7
11.0
12.4
13.7
15.0

10.0
11.3
12.6
13.9
15.3

1.0100
1.0110
1.0120
1.0130
1.0140

15.0
16.3
17.7
19.1
20.4

15.2
16.5
17.9
19.2
20.5

15.3
16.7
18.0
19.3
20.6

15.6
16.9
18.2
19.5
20.9

15.7
17.0
18.3
19.7
21.0

15.8
17.3
18.6
19.9
21.2

16.1
17.4
18.7
20.0
21.4

16.2
17.5
19.0
20.3
21.6

16.5
17.8
19.1
20.4
21.8

16.6
17.9
19.3
20.6
22.0

1.0150
1.0160
1.0170
1.0180
1.0190

21.7
23.0
24.3
25.6
27.0

21.8
23.3
24.6
25.9
27.2

22.0
23.4
24.7
26.0
27.3

22.2
23.5
24.8
26.1
27.6

22.3
23.6
25.1
26.4
27.7

22.5
23.9
25.2
26.5
27.8

22.7
24.0
25.3
26.8
28.1

22.9
24.3
25.6
26.9
28.2

23.1
24.4
25.7
27.2
28.5

23.3
24.7
26.0
27.3
28.6

1.0200
1.0210
1.0220
1.0230
1.0240

28.3
29.6
30.9
32.2
33.7

28.5
29.8
31.2
32.5
33.8

28.6
30.0
31.3
32.6
33.9

28.9
30.2
31.5
32.8
34.2

29.0
30.3
31.7
33.0
34.3

29.2
30.6
31.9
33.2
34.5

29.4
30.7
32.0
33.4
34.7

29.6
30.9
32.2
33.5
35.0

29.8
31.1
32.5
33.8
35.1

30.0
31.3
32.6
33.9
35.4

1.0250
1.0260
1.0270
1.0280
1.0290

35.0
36.3
37.6
38.9
40.2

35.1
36.4
37.8
39.1
40.5

35.2
36.7
38.0
39.3
40.6

35.5
36.8
38.1
39.4
40.8

35.6
36.9
38.4
39.7
41.0

35.9
37.2
38.5
39.8
41.2

36.0
37.3
38.8
40.1
41.4

36.3
37.6
38.9
40.2
41.6

36.4
37.7
39.1
40.5
41.8

36.7
38.0
39.3
40.7

1.0300
1.0310

41.6 41.8 41.9

9

Table 1. Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt)

Note: For use with 60/60F hydrometer.
Observed
Temperature of Water in
Reading 28.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5
(Sp Gr)
0.9980 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.5
0.9990 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8

Graduated Cylinder (C)

31.5 31.5 32.0 32.5 33.0
1.6
2.9

1.9
3.2

2.0
3.4

2.3
3.6

2.4
3.8

1.000
1.0010
1.0020
1.0030
1.0040

3.4
4.8
6.1
7.4
8.8

3.6
4.9
6.3
7.6
8.9

3.7
5.1
6.4
7.7
9.2

4.0
5.1
6.6
8.0
9.3

4.1
5.4
6.8
8.1
9.6

4.4
5.5
7.0
8.4
9.7

4.5 4.8 4.9 5.1

5.8 5.9 6.2 6.4
7.2 7.5 7.6 7.9
8.5 8.8 9.1 9.2
10.0 10.1 10.4 10.5

1.0050
1.0060
1.0070
1.0080
1.0090

10.1
11.4
12.8
14.1
15.4

10.2
11.7
13.0
14.3
15.7

10.5
11.8
13.1
14.5
15.8

10.6
12.0
13.4
14.7
16.1

10.9
12.2
13.6
14.9
16.2

11.0
12.4
13.7
15.2
16.5

11.3
12.6
14.0
15.3
16.6

11.5
12.8
14.1
15.6
16.9

11.7
13.1
14.4
15.7
17.1

11.9
13.2
14.7
16.0
17.3

1.0100
1.0110
1.0120
1.0130
1.0140

16.7
18.2
19.5
20.8
22.2

17.0
18.3
19.6
21.0
22.3

17.1
18.6
19.9
21.2
22.6

17.4
18.7
20.1
21.4
22.7

17.5
19.0
20.3
21.6
23.0

17.8
19.1
20.5
21.8
23.1

18.0
19.3
20.6
22.1
23.4

18.2
19.6
20.9
22.2
23.6

18.4
19.7
21.2
22.5
23.8

18.7
20.0
21.3
22.7
24.0

1.0150
1.0160
1.0170
1.0180
1.0190

23.5
24.8
26.1
27.6
28.9

23.6
25.1
26.4
27.7
29.0

23.9
25.2
26.5
27.9
29.2

24.0
25.5
26.8
28.1
29.5

24.3
25.6
27.0
28.3
29.6

24.6
25.9
27.2
28.5
29.9

24.7
26.1
27.4
28.7
30.0

24.9
26.3
27.7
29.0
30.3

25.2
26.5
27.8
29.2
30.6

25.3
26.8
28.1
29.4
30.8

1.0200
1.0210
1.0220
1.0230
1.0240

30.2
31.5
32.9
34.2
35.5

30.4
31.7
33.0
34.5
35.8

30.6
32.0
33.3
34.6
35.9

30.8
32.1
33.4
34.8
36.2

30.9
32.4
33.7
35.0
36.4

31.20
32.5
33.9
35.2
36.5

31.5
32.8
34.1
35.5
36.8

31.6
33.0
34.3
35.6
37.1

31.9
33.3
34.6
35.9
37.2

32.1
33.4
34.8
36.2
37.5

1.0250
1.0260
1.0270
1.0280

36.8
38.2
39.5
40.8

37.1
38.4
39.8
41.1

37.2
38.6
39.9
41.2

37.5 37.7 37.8 38.1 38.4 38.6 38.8

38.8 39.0 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.9 40.2
40.2 40.3 40.6 40.8 41.0 41.2 41.5
41.5

10

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