Soil HW51

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CEG133/ V77
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT NO. : 3
Weight-Volume Relationship
TOPIC
PREPARED BY:
Reyes, Reycelyn D.
DATE SUBMITTED:
_____________
SUBMITTED TO:
__ ENGR. GERARDO DB. ABESTILLA____
3.1 For a given soil, the following are given: Gs = 2.67; moist unit weight, = 17.61 KN/m3, and
moisture content, w = 10.8%. Determine:
a.) Dry unit weight
b.) Void ratio
c.) Porosity
d.) Degree of saturation
Solution:
a) d =
1+

b) d =
17.61
1.108
= 15.89 kN/m3
1+
(2.67)(9.81)
15.89 =
1+
e = 0.65
c) n =
e
1+
0.65
1.65
= 0.39
d) Se = wGs
S =
(0.108)(2.67)
0.65
x 100%
= 44.50%
3.2 Refer to Problem 3.1. Determine the weight of water, in KN, to be added per cubic meter of soil
for:
a.) 80% DEGREE OF SATURATION
b.) 100% DEGREE OF SATURATION
Solution:
a. ) S =
S = 80 44.50
= 35.5%
n =
0.39
; VT = 1m3
v
1
Vv = 0.39
0.355 =
v
0.39
Vw = (0.355)(0.39)
Vw = 0.140 m3
Ww = 0.140 x 9.81
= 1.37 Kn
b. ) S = 100 - 44.5
= 55.5
S =
; 0.555 =
Vw = 0.218 m3
Ww = 0.138 x 9.81
= 2.14 kN
v
0.39
3.3 A 0.4-m3 moist of soil sample has the following:

Moist mass = 711.2 kg
Dry mass = 623.9 kg
Specific gravity of soil solids = 2.68
Estimate:
a. Moisture content
b. Moist density
c. Dry density
d. Void ratio
e. Porosity
Solution:
a. ) w =
711.2623.9
623.9
( 100)
w = 13.99%
711.2
b. ) =
0.4
c.) d =
= 1778 kg/m3
1+ w
1778
d =
1+ .1399
d = 1559.79 kg/m3
G
d. ) d =
1+e
e = 0.7182
e. ) n =
e
1+ e
n = 0.4180
3.4 For a given sand, the maximum and minimum void ratios are 0.78 and 0.43, respectively. Given
Gs = 2.67, determine the dry unit weight of the soil in kN/m3 when the relative density is 65%.
Solution:
Dr =
e e
e
; 0.65 =
0.78 e
0.780.43
e = 0.5525
d =
(2.67)(9.81)
1.5525
= 16.87 kN/m3
3.5 In its natural state, a moist soil has a volume of 9.35 x 10-3 m3 and weighs 177.6 x 10-3 kN.
The oven-dry weight of the soil is 153.6 x 10-3 kN. If Gs = 2.67, calculate the moisture content,
moist unit weight, dry unit weight, void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation.
Solution:
177.6103
m =
9.35x103
m = 18.99 kN/m3
w =
(177.6x103)(153.6x103)
153.6x103
x 100
w = 15.625%
153.6x103
d =
9.35 103
= 16.423Kn/m3
G
d =
1+e
16.428 =
(2.67)(9.81)
1+e
e = 0.5944
e
n =n+ e = 0.3728
S =
G
e
S =
G
1+e
0.15625(2.17)
0.5944
x 100
S = 70.19 %
3.6 For a given sandy soil, emax = 0.75, emin = 0.46, and Gs = 2.68. What will be the moist unit
weight of compaction (kN/m3) in the field if Dr = 78% and w = 9%?
Solution:
Dr =
e e
e e
; 0.78 =
0.75
0.750.46
E = 0.5238
d =
G
1+
(2.68)(9.81)
1.5238
= 17.25 kN/m3
d =
1+
; 17.25 =
1+
moist = 18.81kN/m3
3.7
The moist weight of 5.66 x 10-3 of a soil is 102.3 x 10-3 kN. The moisture content and the
specific gravity of the soil solids are determined in the laboratory to be 11% and 2.7, respectively.
Calculate the following:
a. Moist unit weight (kN/m3)
b. Dry unit weight (kN/m3)
c. Void Ratio
d. Porosity
e. Degree of saturation (%)
f. Volume occupied by water (m3)
Solution:
V
a. ) moist =
102.3 x 103
5.66 103
moist = 18.07 kN/m3
b.) d =
1+
18.07
1.11
d = 16.28 kN/m3
G
c. ) d =
; 16.28 =
1+
(2.7)(9.81)
1+
e = 0.63
d. ) h =
1+
0.63
= 0.39
1.63
e. ) Se = wGs; S(0.63) = (0.11)(2.7)

S = 47.39%
f. ) s =
V
V
0.39 =
; n =
V
V
V
5.66x103
V
0.4739 =
; Vv = 2.180 x10-3
2.180 x 103
-3
Vw = 1.03 x 10
m3
3.8 For a given sandy soil, the maximum and minimum dry unit weights are 16.89 kN/m3 and 14.46
kN/m3, respectively. Given Gs = 2.65, determine the moist unit weight of this soil when the relative
density is 60% and the moisture content is 8%.
d max = 16.98 kN/m3
0.60 =
d(min) = 14.46 kN/m3
1
1
14.46
1
1
14.46 16.98
Gs = 2.65
= 15.87 kN/m3
Dr = 60%
m = d(1 + w)
w = 8%
m = 15.87 ( 1+0.08)
m = 17.14 kN/m3
3.9
The saturated unit weight of a soil is 19.8 kN/m3. The moisture content of the soil is 17.1%.
Determine the following:
a. Dry unit weight
b. Specific gravity of soil solids
c. Void ratio
Solution:
sat =19.8 kN/m3
w = 17.1%
wGs = Se
0.171Gs = e
(G +)( )
sat =
1+ e
; 19.8 =
(G +0.171G )(9.81)
1+ 0.171G
Gs = 2.44
(G )
d =
1+ e
sat = d (1 + w)
19.8 = d (1+0.171)
d = 16.91 kN/m3
e = 0.171 (2.44)
e = 0.4172
3.11 The unit weight of a soil is 14.94 kN/m3. The moisture content of this soil is 19.2% when the
degree of saturation is 60%. Determine:
a. Void ratio
b. Specific gravity of soil solids
c. Saturated unit weight
Solution:
a. )
Se
(G +)( )
( +Se)
w
1+ e
1+ e
; 14.94 =
14.94 =
(0.6)
+0.6)(9.81)
0.192
1+ e
e = 0.69
b. ) Se = wGs; (0.6)(0.69) = (0.192)Gs
Gs = 2.16
c. ) sat =
(G +)( )
1+ e
(2.16+0.69)(9.81)
1.69
sat = 16.54 kN/m3
3.12 A saturated soil has the following characteristics: initial volume(Vi) = 24.6 cm3, final volume
(Vf) = 15.9 cm3, mass of wet sol (m1) = 44 g, and mass of dry soil (m2) = 30.1 g. Determine the
shrinkage limit.
Solution:
SL =
SL =
m1 m2
(100)-
V V
(w)(100)
m2
4430.1
m2
24.615.9
30.1
30.1
(100)-
(1g/cm3)(100)
SL = 17.28%
3.13 The moist unit weights and degrees of saturation of a soil are given in the table.
(kN/m3)
S(%)
16.62
50
17.71
75
Determine:
a. e
c. Degree of saturation
b. Gs
d. Mass of water, in kg/m3, to be added to reach full saturation
Solution:
a. ) w = 18%
Gs = 2.73
1680
d =
1+0.18
d = 1423.73 kg/m3
(1+0.18)(2.73)(1000)
b. ) 1680 =
1+e
e = 0.9175
n =
e
1+e
= 0.4785
c.) Se = wGs
S =
0.18(2.73)
0.9175
(100)
S = 53.56%
d. ) sat =
(G +)( )
1+e
(100)
sat = 1902.22kg/m3
Mass of water
sat = 1902.22 1680
= 222.22 kN/m3
3.15 Refer to Problem 3.14. Determine the weight of the water, in kN, that will be in 0.0708m3 of
the soil when it is saturated.
Solution:
n =
n =
e
1+e
V
V
0.8
= 0.44
1.8
; 0.44 =
V
0.0708
Vv = 0.0315 m3
S =
V
V
; 1 =
V
V
; Vw = Vv = 0.0315 m3
Ww = Vww =0.0315 x 9.81

Ww = 0.309 kN
3.16 The dry density of a soil is 1780 kg/m3. Given Gs = 2.68, what would be the moisture content
of the soil when saturated?
d =
1780 x 9.81
d =
1000
1+e
= 17.46 kN/m3
; 17.46 =
2.68 x 9.81
1+e
e = 0.5056
Se = wGs ; (1)(0.5056) = w(2.68)
w = 18.87%
3.17
The porosity of a soil is 0.35. Given Gs = 2.69, calculate:

a.Saturated unit weight ( kN/m3)
b. Moisture content when moist unit weight = 17.5 kN/m3
Solution:
G
sat =
1+e
(2.69+0.54)(9.81)
1.54
= 20.59 kN/m3
n
e =
1n
0.35
10.35
= 0.54
b.) moist = 17.54 kN/m3
=
(G +)
1+e
17.5 =
(2.69+5(0.54))(9.81)
1.54
S = 10.11%
Se = wGs
(0.1011)(0.54) = w(2.69)
w = 2.02%

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What are the main parameters used to characterize soils?

How can the degree of saturation, void ratio and porosity of a soil be calculated given other parameters?

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

3.3 A 0.4-m3 moist of soil sample has the following:

moist = 18.07 kN/m3

e. ) Se = wGs; S(0.63) = (0.11)(2.7)

d max = 16.98 kN/m3

d(min) = 14.46 kN/m3

sat = 16.54 kN/m3

Ww = Vww =0.0315 x 9.81

The porosity of a soil is 0.35. Given Gs = 2.69, calculate:

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