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    Y Bus

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    rehan_sadiq1991
    The document discusses the bus admittance matrix, which is used to relate nodal voltages to branch currents in a power system network model. It is formed by converting all branch impedances to admittances based on Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node. The matrix is symmetric with diagonal elements equal to the sum of the admittances connected to each node and off-diagonal elements equal to the negative of the admittance between two nodes. Tap-changing transformers can be modeled in the matrix by representing the transformer as two elements joined at a fictitious bus, with the tap ratio incorporated into the element values.

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    Y Bus

    Uploaded by

    rehan_sadiq1991
    177 views13 pages
    The document discusses the bus admittance matrix, which is used to relate nodal voltages to branch currents in a power system network model. It is formed by converting all branch impedances to admittances based on Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node. The matrix is symmetric with diagonal elements equal to the sum of the admittances connected to each node and off-diagonal elements equal to the negative of the admittance between two nodes. Tap-changing transformers can be modeled in the matrix by representing the transformer as two elements joined at a fictitious bus, with the tap ratio incorporated into the element values.

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    Y-Bus

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    The document discusses the bus admittance matrix, which is used to relate nodal voltages to branch currents in a power system network model. It is formed by converting all branch impedances to admittances based on Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node. The matrix is symmetric with diagonal elements equal to the sum of the admittances connected to each node and off-diagonal elements equal to the negative of the admittance between two nodes. Tap-changing transformers can be modeled in the matrix by representing the transformer as two elements joined at a fictitious bus, with the tap ratio incorporated into the element values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    177 views13 pages

    Y Bus

    Uploaded by

    rehan_sadiq1991
    The document discusses the bus admittance matrix, which is used to relate nodal voltages to branch currents in a power system network model. It is formed by converting all branch impedances to admittances based on Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node. The matrix is symmetric with diagonal elements equal to the sum of the admittances connected to each node and off-diagonal elements equal to the negative of the admittance between two nodes. Tap-changing transformers can be modeled in the matrix by representing the transformer as two elements joined at a fictitious bus, with the tap ratio incorporated into the element values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses the construction and use of the bus admittance matrix to model power systems and the incorporation of tap-changing transformers.

    The bus admittance matrix is constructed by converting all network impedances to admittances and using Kirchhoff's current law equations. It represents the nodal relationships between injected currents and node voltages in a power network.

    Tap-changing transformers are modeled using a fictitious bus and circuit equations relating the voltages and currents on both sides. The transformer elements are then incorporated into the bus admittance matrix.

    The Bus Admittance Matrix

    The matrix equation for relating the nodal voltages to the


    currents that flow into and out of a network using the
    admittance values of circuit branches

    Iinj = Ybus Vnode

    Ik Vk
    Network

    Used to form the network model of an interconnected


    power system
    u

    Nodes represent substation bus bars


    Branches represent transmission lines and transformers
    Injected currents are the flows from generator and loads

    Power Systems I

    The Bus Admittance Matrix


    l

    Constructing the Bus Admittance Matrix (or the Y bus


    matrix)
    u

    form the nodal solution based upon Kirchhoffs current law

    I k inj = yk 0 Vk + yk 1 (Vk V1 ) + yk 2 (Vk V2 ) + K + ykn (Vk Vn )


    u

    impedances are converted to admittances

    1
    1
    yij =
    =
    zij rij + j xij

    Power Systems I

    Matrix Formation Example


    generator 1
    z = j1.0

    generator 2
    z = j0.8
    line 12
    z = j0.4

    1
    line 13
    z = j0.2

    2
    line 23
    z = j0.2

    V2

    j1.0

    j0.8

    j0.4

    j0.2

    j0.2

    3
    line 34
    z = j0.08

    4
    Network Diagram
    Power Systems I

    V1

    j0.08
    4
    Impedance Diagram

    Matrix Formation Example


    I1

    y10= -j1.0

    I2

    y20= -j1.25
    1

    2
    y12 = -j2.5
    y13= -j5 y23= -j5
    3
    y34 = -j12.5
    4

    Admittance Diagram
    Power Systems I

    KCL Equations

    I1 = y10V1 + y12 (V1 V2 ) + y13 (V1 V3 )

    I 2 = y20V2 + y21 (V2 V1 ) + y23 (V2 V3 )

    0 = y31 (V3 V1 ) + y32 (V3 V2 ) + y34 (V3 V4 )


    0 = y43 (V4 V3 )

    Matrix Formation Example


    Rearranging the KCL Equations
    I1 = ( y10 + y12 + y13 )V1 y12V2 y13V3

    I 2 = y21V1 + ( y20 + y21 + y23 )V2 y23V3

    0 = y31V1 y32V2 + ( y31 + y32 + y34 )V3 y34V4


    0 = y43V3 + y43V4

    Matrix Formation of the Equations


    I1 ( y10 + y12 + y13 )
    I
    y21
    2 =
    y31
    0

    0
    0
    Power Systems I

    y12
    ( y20 + y21 + y23 )
    y32
    0

    y13
    y23

    ( y31 + y32 + y34 )


    y43

    0 V1
    0 V2

    y34 V3

    y43 V4

    Matrix Formation Example


    Completed Matrix Equation
    Y11 = ( y10 + y12 + y13 ) = j8.50
    Y23 = Y32 = y23 = j5.00
    Y12 = Y21 = y12 = j 2.50
    Y33 = ( y31 + y32 + y34 ) = j 22.50
    Y13 = Y31 = y13 = j5.00
    Y34 = Y43 = y34 = j12.50
    Y22 = ( y20 + y21 + y23 ) = j8.75
    Y44 = y34 = j12.50
    0 V1
    j5.00
    I1 j8.50 j 2.50
    I j 2.50 j8.75
    V
    5
    .
    00
    0
    j
    2 =
    2
    j5.00 j 22.50
    j12.50 V3
    0 j5.00

    0
    0
    12
    .
    50
    12
    .
    50
    0
    j
    j

    V4
    Power Systems I

    Y-Bus Matrix Building Rules


    l

    Square matrix with dimensions equal to the number of


    buses
    Convert all network impedances into admittances
    n
    Diagonal elements:

    Yii = yij

    ji

    j =0

    Off-diagonal elements:

    Yij = Y ji = yij

    Matrix is symmetrical along the leading diagonal

    Power Systems I

    Example
    Line
    g1
    g2
    L1
    L2
    L3
    L4
    L5
    L6

    System Data
    Start End X value
    1
    0
    1.00
    5
    0
    1.25
    1
    2
    0.40
    1
    3
    0.50
    2
    3
    0.25
    2
    5
    0.20
    3
    4
    0.125
    4
    5
    0.50

    Power Systems I

    Tap-Changing Transformers
    l

    The tap-changing transform gives some control of the


    power network by changing the voltages and current
    magnitudes and angles by small amounts
    u

    The flow of real power along a network branch is controlled by


    the angular difference of the terminal voltages
    The flow of reactive power along a network branch is controlled
    by the magnitude difference of the terminal voltages
    Real and reactive powers can be adjusted by voltage-regulating
    transformers and by phase-shifting transformers

    bus i

    1:a

    bus j
    a can be a
    complex number

    Power Systems I

    Modeling of Tap-Changers
    u

    the off-nominal tap ratio is given as 1:a


    the nominal turns-ratio (N1/N2) was addressed with the
    conversion of the network to per unit
    the transformer is modeled as two elements joined together at a
    fictitious bus x

    Vi

    Ii

    yt

    Ij

    Vx
    1:a

    basic circuit equations:

    Vx = 1a V j
    Power Systems I

    I i = a* I j

    I i = yt (Vi Vx )

    Vj

    Modeling of Tap-Changers
    l

    Making substitutions

    Vx = 1a V j

    I i = yt (Vi 1a V j )

    I i = yt (Vi Vx )

    I i = a* I j
    I j = a1* I i
    yt
    yt
    yt
    1
    I j = * (Vi a V j ) = * Vi + 2 V j
    a
    a
    a
    Power Systems I

    YBus Formation of Tap-Changers


    l

    Matrix formation

    yt
    I i = {yt }Vi + V j
    a
    y
    yt
    I j = * Vi + t2 V j
    a
    a
    I i yt
    I = y a *
    j t
    Power Systems I

    yt a Vi
    2
    yt a V j

    Pi-Circuit Model of Tap-Changers


    l

    Valid for real values of a


    Taking the y-bus formation, break the diagonal elements
    into two components
    u

    the off-diagonal element represent the impedance across the two


    buses
    the remainder form the shunt element
    non-tap side

    i
    (a - 1) yt / a
    Power Systems I

    yt / a

    tap side

    j
    (1 - a) yt / a2

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