AP U.S.

History

IDENTIFICATIONS TO KNOW FOR THE AP EXAM

Discovery Act of Toleration (1649)
Native Americans: Iroquois Confederacy-- Five Impact of English Civil War on colonies
Nations; Moundbuilders, Pueblo, Creeks Headright system, indentured servants
Amerindian culture in North America Impact of British West Indies, Barbados
Columbus Middle Passage
Cortés (Aztecs) Slave Codes
Pizarro (Incas) Indian slave trade
Spanish Settlements: St. Augustine, 1565 Restoration colonies, Charles II
Mission system in the southwest Carolinas 1670, split in 1712
California - Father Junipero Serra Charleston (Charles Town)
mestizo Regulator Movement, 1771
“Black Legend” contrast in character between N. & S. Carolina
Decimation of Indian population by 1600 Georgia (1733): reasons, successes
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 James Oglethorpe
Spanish Armada, 1588 staple crops in South: tobacco, rice, indigo
causes for British colonial impulse Southern class structure
Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Roanoke Anglican Church
Samiel de Champlain (“Father of New France”) Stono Rebellion, 1739
joint-stock companies
Geography and its effect on settlements Early New England -- Plymouth & MBC
Impact of European culture on North America Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther
Impact of Native Americans on European culture John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion
Spanish relations with Native Americans Predestination, the “elect,” “visible saints”
Ecomienda, hacienda, mission system Church of England (Anglican Church)
Pope’s Rebellion, Santa Fe Puritans
French relations with Native Americans Pilgrims (Separatists)
Jesuits; coureur de bois Plymouth Colony, reasons for leaving
British relations with Native Americans John Robinson
founding of 13 Original Colonies (know order) Separatists, Non-Separatists
Mayflower Compact
Southern Colonies (Plantation Colonies) Thanksgiving, Massasoit
common characteristics of southern colonies William Bradford
joint-stock Company Massachusettts Bay Colony (1629)
Chesapeake: Virginia, Maryland Puritans
Virginia Company: purpose, failures, successes reasons for leaving: Charles I, Archbishop Laud
Virginia Charter, significance Right of Petition, 1628; suspension in 1629
Jamestown (1607)/Virginia “Great Migration” -- 1630s
Captain John Smith impact of English Civil War -- interregnum
Pocahantas, Powhatans John Winthrop: Model of Christian Charity
John Rolfe, tobacco covenant theology --“City on a hill”
Africans arrive in 1619 Puritan (Protestant) work ethic
House of Burgesses Congregational church
Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676; Governor Berkeley John Cotton
Charter revoked in 1624, James I townhall meetings, self-government
Maryland (1634) -- voting granted to church members, 1631
Lord Baltimore (Calvert) (No separation of church and state)
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Cambridge Platform (1648) Quakers
contrast Puritan colonies with others relations with Indians
Religion in MBC Paxton Boys, 1764
“visible saints”, the “elect”
jeremiad Religion in the Colonies
half-Way Covenant Congregational Church -- Puritanism
education: purpose Anglican Church
Harvard founded, 1636 PA, MD, RI -- founders, established churches
Massachusetts school of law Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649
Dissent: arminianism
Anne Hutchinson, antinomianism Great Awakening
Quakers Jonathan Edwards
Roger Williams -- “liberty of conscience” George Whitefield
Salem Witch Trials, Cotton Mather conflict with enlightenment ideals
Impact of Geography on New England Old Lights, New Lights
2 main contributions to the American character: new educational institutions
democracy Baptists
perfectability of society Anglican Church becomes Episcopal Church
College of William and Mary, 1693
Other New England Colonies Presbyterian Church
Connecticut Colony (1636) -- Thomas Hooker
New Haven, 1638 The Colonial Economy
Fundamental Orders (1639) Regional differences: New England, Middle
Roger Williams, Rhode Island (1644) Colonies, Southern Colonies
mercantilism
New England Politics -- 17th Century Navigation Acts
New England Confederation admiralty courts
Pequot War (1636-37) Triangular Trade: know geography & products
King Philip’s War, 1675; Metacom Molasses Act, 1733
Dominion of New England
Charles II Colonial Society
Mercantilism immigration: 1600 - 1776
Navigation Laws: 1st in 1651 royal, charter, proprietary colonies
Sir Edmund Andros colonial political structure:
“Glorious Revolution” -- 1688 Council -- upper house
Bill of Rights Assemblies (lower houses) -- most important
“First American Revolution” -- power of the purse
primogeniture, entail, women lack property
Middle Colonies rights
characteristics: crops, geography, immigrants Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanack
New York Age of the Enlightenment
Peter Minuit, New Amsterdam (1626) Classical Liberalism
Peter Stuyvesant Important Thinkers
patroon system John Locke: natural rights, right to rebel
1664, English victory Baron de Montesquieu: 3 branches
Leisler’s Rebellion, NY (1691) deism
Pennsylvania, 1681, William Penn
“Holy Experiment”
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Events that fostered the democratic ideal in Stamp Act, 1765
the English Colonies “No taxation w/o representation”
House of Burgesses (1619) virtual representation vs. actual representation
Mayflower Compact (1620) “internal” vs. “external” taxation
New England Town Meeting (after 1629) Stamp Act Congress
royal, charter, proprietary colonies non-importation
colonial political structure: Sons of Liberty, Samuel Adams
assemblies controlled spending repeal
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) Declaratory Act, 1766
New England Confederation (1643) Townshend Acts, 1767; reaction
Maryland Act of Toleration (1649) John Dickinson, “Letters from a PA Farmer”
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Massachusetts Circular Letter
“Glorious Revolution,” Bill of Rights (1689) Boston Massacre, 1770
Failure of Dominion of New England Committees of Correspondence
Leisler’s Rebellion (1691) Tea Act (1773), British East India Co.
“Salutary Neglect” (begins in 1713) Boston Tea Party
impact on colonial government (assemblies), Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts); 1774
the economy, and religion Quebec Act; 1774
Whig ideology First Continental Congress, 1774
Impact of the Englightenment The Association
Zenger Case (1734) Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775
Albany Congress (1754) British vs. American strengths and weaknesses
Paxton Boys (1764) Second Continental Congress, 1775
Regulator Movement (1771) George Washington, Continental Army
(see “Road to Independence” below) Declaration of the Causes & Necessity of
Taking Up Arms
Great Britain vs. France Olive Branch Petition
Dispute over the Ohio Valley Battle of Bunker Hill, significance
Compare French and British colonization Hessians
Iroquois vs. Hurons, significance Thomas Paine, Common Sense; 1776
Seven Years' War (French & Indian War) King George III
Washington’s Ohio Mission, Ft. Duquesne Richard Henry Lee’s resolution of June 7, 1776
Albany Congress Declaration of Independence, 3 parts
Albany Plan -- Benjamin Franklin, John Locke: natural rights philosopy
William Pitt
Battle of Quebec Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris, 1763 -- significance Patriots vs. Tories + Loyalists
Battle of Trenton
Road to Independence Battle of Saratoga, 1777
“salutary neglect” Valley Forge, Baron von Steuben
Whig ideology Articles of Confederation, 1777
writs of assistance, James Otis Franco-American Alliance, 1778
George Grenville, end of “salutary neglect” Yorktown, Lord Cornwallis
Pontiac’s Rebellion, significance Treaty of Paris (1783)
Proclamation of 1763 social impact of the war
Currency Act, 1764 African Americans in the war
Sugar Act, 1764 Women in the war, Abigail Adams
Quartering Act, 1765 new state constitutions
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Articles of Confederation (“Critical Period”) Politics in the 1790s
Societal changes after the revolution Bill of Rights adopted, 1791; know all 10!
end to primogeniture, entail Judiciary Act, 1789
protests over Cincinnati Society President Washington
disestablishment, Virginia Statute of Religious Vice-president Adams
Freedom (1786) – Jefferson Cabinet, precedents
Quaker abolitionism; Quock Walker case Hamilton vs. Jefferson in political philsophy
Native Americans Hamilton's Financial Plan: (BE FAT)
Republican Motherhood Assumption, Funding at Par, excise taxes,
sovereignty, republicanism tariffs, BUS, arguments for & against
features of state constitutions implied powers, elastic clause (“necessary and
Maryland, cession of western land claims proper” clause)
powers, strengths and weaknesses of Articles of loose construction, strict construction
Confederation location of capital: logrolling, Dist. of Columbia
Dey of Algiers Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
Pennsylvania militia routs Congress, 1783 Washington’s Farewell Address, significance
Newburgh Conspiracy, 1783 election of 1796: Adams pres., Jefferson v.p.
Land Ordinance of 1785 Two-party system
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Federlists vs. Democratic-Republicans
proposed Jay-Gardoqui Treaty, 1785 party leaders and supporters
Shays’ Rebellion, 1787 -- significance programs & philosophies
Annapolis Conference: principle purpose, result views of foreign affairs
1780s depression “Mad” Anthony Wayne, Battle of Fallen Timbers
Treaty of Greenville, 1795
Constitution
Philadelphia Convention Foreign Affairs in the 1790s
Madison, “Father of the Constitution” French Revolution, “Reign of Terror”
Virginia Plan, “Large State Plan” Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
New Jersey Plan, “Small State Plan” Citizen Genet
Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) Jay Treaty of 1794, result
slavery and the Constitution: 3/5's Compromise Pinckney Treaty (1795)
end of slave trade in 1808 XYZ Affair, Talleyrand
checks and balances, Montesquieu “Quasi-War” --Undeclared Naval War with
Commerce Compromise France; Convention of 1800
Conservative safeguards, electoral college, Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
election of Senators, appointments Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions, nullification,
procedures for amendments compact theory of gov’t, 1799
Preamble: “We the people” -- Locke, purposes “High Federalists”
of gov’t
Federalists and Antifederalists Jeffersonian Democracy (1800-1824)
George Mason, Bill of Rights election of 1800, Jefferson & Burr tie
ratification in states, esp. Mass. NY, & VA “Revolution of 1800”
Federalist Papers, Jay, Hamilton, Madison 12th Amendment
Federalist 10: thesis government for the people
Beard thesis, An Economic Interpretation...” “We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans”
Sec. of Treasury Albert Gallatin
maintenance of many Federalist policies
reversal of certain Federalist policies
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Judiciary Act, 1801, “midnight judges” Cohens v. Virginia,
John Marshall Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
Marbury v. Madison, 1803, Judicial Review Fletcher v. Peck, 1810
Justice Samuel Chase, impeachment Dartmouth v. Woodward, 1819
Tripolitan War, Pasha of Tripoli, Daniel Webster
“Mosquito Fleet” Tallmadge Amendment
Haitian slave revolt,Toussaint L’Ouverture, 1803 Missouri Compromise of 1820: provisions
Louisiana Purchase: reasons, loose construction FOREIGN POLICY:
Lewis and Clark expedition, Sacajawea Sec.of State John Quincy Adams
Burr Conspiracy/Essex Junto, 1804, Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817), Great Lakes
Hamilton-Burr duel Convention of 1818, US-Canadian border est.
Burr expedition in West, treason trial Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) (FL Purchase Treaty)
Events leading to War of 1812: Monroe Doctrine, 1823
Order in Council
impressments, Chesapeake-Leopard Affair JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
Embargo Act of 1807, oppositon The “New Democracy,” characteristics, causes
Nonintercourse Act, 1809 Election of 1824: popular vote, electoral vote,
President Madison “corrupt bargain”
Macon's Bill #2, 1810 Election of 1828 (Jacksonian revolution)
War Hawks, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun President Andrew Jackson
Shawnee: Tecumseh, The Prophet age of common man, gov’t by the people
Battle of Tippecanoe strong executive, King Andrew I, vetoes
General William H. Harrison Jacksonian Democracy: characteristics
War of 1812: franchise extended
Why war against Britain rather than France? spoils system
Francis Scott Key, Ft. McHenry, “Star end of caucus system, nat’l nominating
Spangled Banner” conventions
Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson more states’ rights: Charles River Bridge case,
Hartford Convention (1814), significance veto internal improvements (Maysville Rd)
Treaty of Ghent (1815), provisions Cabinet Crisis
John C. Calhoun, South Carolina
Nationalism and Sectionalism to 1828 Exposition and Protest, nullification
President Monroe Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
Sec. of State John Quincy Adams Jefferson Day toast
DOMESTIC POLICY “Kitchen Cabinet”
“Era of Good Feelings” (appropriate term?) Peggy Eaton Affair
nationalism, economic independence resignation of vice president Calhoun
single party rule Nullification Crisis of 1832
Henry Clay’s American System (BIT) “Tariff of Abominations,” 1828
2nd Bank of U.S., reversal of Jefferson’s ideas Tariff of 1832
Tariff of 1816, protective South Carolina, nullification
internal improvements, Bonus Bill veto Clay: Tariff of 1833
Panic of 1819 Election of 1832
land legislation: new trends in acreage and price Jackson (Democrat)
John Marshall, Federalist: decisions Clay (National Republican)
Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Anti-Masonic Party (1st 3rd party)
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 1816 nat’l nominating conventions, platforms
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 end of the caucus system
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Jacksonian Economics: Wilmot Proviso, 1848
BUS Gadsden Purchase (1853)
Clay, bank recharter bill, Nicholas Biddle
Jackson’s removal of deposits, Roger B. RISE OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
Taney, Pet banks Sectional differences: East, West, South
Specie Circular, 1836, impact Industrial Revolution, impact
Charles River Bridge case, 1837 Samuel Slater, “father of factory system”
States’ rights: Maysville Road Veto Boston Associates, Lowell, Mass.
Indian Removal Lowell girls
Indian Removal Act, 1830 general incorporation laws, limited liability
Black Hawk War, 1832 northern “wage slaves”
Seminoles (war 1835-1842) “Transportation Revolution”: turnpikes, canals,
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831 rivers, railroads
Worcester v. Georgia 1832 National Road, Lancaster Turnpike
Trail of Tears growth of cities
Recognition of Texas, 1837 Robert Fulton, steamboat (Clermont) 1807
Stephen Austin, Sam Houston Erie Canal, 1826 -- Gov. DeWitt Clinton
Santa Anna federal gov’t land policy trend: smaller parcels
Alamo Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co.
San Jacinto rise of labor leaders, 10-hour movement
Election of 1836 Commonwealth v. Hunt, (Mass.)
Whigs: origins, policies Inventions:
Martin Van Buren Eli Whitney, cotton gin, interchangeable parts
Panic of 1837 Elias Howe, 1846; Isaac Singer, sewing machine
Independent Treasury Plan, “Divorce Bill” John Deere, steel plow
Election of 1840: candidates, characteristics Cyrus McCormick, mechanical reaper
Liberty Party Samuel Morse, telegraph
rise of second party system: Democrats v. Whigs
death of Harrison, Tyler becomes president SOCIAL REFORM
Religion:
MANIFEST DESTINY Second Great Awakening: impact, reaction to
“Manifiest Destiny” deism, unitarianism, liberalism, social ills
Annexation of Texas, 1844 Charles Grandison Finney, Peter Cartwright,
joint resolution under Pres. Tyler “circuit riders”
Election of 1844: candidates, issues camp meetings, revivalism, perfectionism
Polk’s 4-Point Plan: (COIL) -- OR, CA, influence of 2nd G.A. on frontier
WalkerTariff, Independent Treasury System “the burned-over district”
Oregon Territory millenialism, Millerites (Adventists)
Oregon Trail, “Oregon Fever” Mormons
Oregon Treaty, 1846, 49th parallel Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, Utah
wilderness utopias: Brook Farm, New Harmony,
Mexican War: (know causes, results) Oneida Community, Shakers, Amana
Slidell’s mission to Mexico. Why? Community
Rio Grande, Nueces River, disputed territory Abolitionism: see “slavery” below”
Gen. Zachary Taylor Temperance:
“spot resolutions,” Lincoln American Temperance Union
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 Maine law, 1851, Neal S. Dow
election of 1848: Cass (pop. sov.) & Taylor
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Women’s Rights: Nat Turner revolt, 1831, Virginia
Seneca Falls, 1848 mountain whites
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Missouri Compromise of 1820
Susan B. Anthony Liberty Party, election of 1844
Sarah & Angelina Grimke, Lucy Stone, banning of abolitionist literature in southern
Sojourner Truth mails, 1830s
“Republican Motherhood,” Catharine Beecher “gag rule,” 1836, House of Reps
“Cult of Domesticity” American Colonization Society
Godey’s Ladybook Abolitionists:
Impact of Industrial Revolution on gender roles William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, 1831
Education: Elijah Lovejoy
Noah Webster, William McGuffey American Antislavery Society
public education, Horace Mann Theodore Weld, American slavery as it is
Catharine Beecher Wendell Phillips, “Golden Trumpet”
Other Reformers: Sarah and Angelina Grimke
Dorthea Dix, treatment of the insane Sojourner Truth
American Peace Society Frederick Douglass
prison reform, Auburn system, Penn. system underground railroad: Harriet Tubman
Nativism: Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 1842
“Old Immigration” “personal liberty laws”
Irish, German immigration,
nativism, “Know Nothings” The 1850s
Literature: Election of 1848, Taylor vs. Cass
Transcendentalists: Free Soil Party, Van Buren
Romanticism Wilmot Proviso, 1848
Ralph Waldo Emerson California application for statehood, gold rush
Henry David Thoreau, Walden, “On Civil Webster’s 7th of March Speech
Disobedience” William H. Seward (“Higher Law”)
Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass Compromise of 1850: PopFACT
Knickerbocker group Henry Clay
James Fenimore Cooper Fugitive Slave Law
Washington Irving Nashville convention, failure
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Hudson River School of Art, landscapes Hinton Helper,The Impending Crisis of the South
Gilbert Stuart, Charles Willson Peale Southern defense of slavery: Bible, Aristotle,
Alexis de Toqueville, Democracy in America George Fitzhugh
election of 1852; end of Whig Party
Slavery and the South President Pierce: “Young America”
“King Cotton” Commodore Matthew Perry goes to Japan
cotton gin, Eli Whitney Ostend Manifesto -- Cuba
plantation slavery, slave culture Gadsden Purchase (1853)
sectionalism: the 3 Souths Stephen A. Douglas (pop. sovereignty)
Border South: DE, MD, KY, MO Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Middle South: VA, NC TN, AK birth of Republican Party; end of Whigs
Lower South: SC, FL, GA AL, MS, LA TX “bleeding Kansas”
Slave revolts: New England Emigrant aid Company
Gabriel Prosser, 1800 revolt “Beecher’s Bibles”
Denmark Vesey Conspiracy, 1822, S. Carolina raid on Lawrence
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Sumner-Brooks affair Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
John Brown: Pottawatomie massacre suspension of civil liberties: abeas corpus,
Lecompton Constitution Ex parte Merryman,, 1st Amendment issues
election of 1856: Republican Party (Fremont), Lincoln’s usurpation of Congressional powers
Know-Nothing Party (Fillmore) Copperheads, Clement L. Vallandigham
President Buchanan (Democrat) Republican legislation passed in Congress after
Dred Scott decision, 1857 secession: National Bank, tariff, Homestead Act,
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney transcontinental railroad, land grant act
Panic of 1857 Great Britain: Trent, Alabama, Laird rams,
Lincoln’s “house divided” speech France: Emperor Napolean III
Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 (Illinois) Election of 1864: candidates, parties
Freeport Doctrine Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Speech: “With malice
John Brown, Harpers Ferry raid, 1859 toward none, with charity for all”
Election of 1860: candidates, parties, issues John Wilkes Booth
John Bell, Constitutional Union Party
John Breckenridge, Southern Democratic Party Reconstruction
Stephen Douglas, Northern Democratic Party Lincoln’s ten percent plan
Republican Party: 1860 platform, supporters 13th Amendment, 1865
Buchanan and the secession crisis Ex Parte Milligan
Crittenden Compromise proposal Radical Republicans: Charles Sumner, Thaddeus
Stevens
Civil War Wade-Davis bill (50% plan), veto
Lincoln’s Inaugural Speech: purpose Andrew Johnson and presidential reconstruction
Cabinet: Sec.of State William H. Seward, Sec. of Freedmen’s Bureau, General Oliver O. Howard
Treas. Salmon P. Chase, Sec. of War Edwin St Black Codes
Stanton 1866 elections: significance
Border States: MD, KY, DE, MO Civil Rights Act, 1866
seceding states (first seven) Military Reconstruction Act, 1867
Jefferson Davis, Alexander Stephens 14th Amendment, 1867, provisions
Confederate States of America 15th Amendment, 1870
South’s advantages in the war impeachmentm of Johnson
North’s advantages in the war “scalawags” and “carpetbaggers”
Fort Sumter: Lincoln’s dilemna and decision purchase of Alaska, 1867, Sec. of State Seward
volunteers and conscription, draft riots President Ulysses S. Grant
four other states secede. Why? Compromise of 1877, provisions
Northern blockade (Anaconda Plan) Hiram R. Revels & Blanche K. Bruce
Bull Run (Manassas) Redeemers (or Bourbons), Solid South
General George McClellan, Peninsula Campaign Ku Klux Klan, Force Acts, 1871
Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson
Antietam, significance of battle
Fredericksburg, Dec. 1862
Chancellorsville, May, 1863
Gettysburg, July 1863, significance
Vicksburg, July 4, 1863 significance
Atlanta and march through Georgia -- Sherman
Grant’s Virginia campaign, 1864-65
Appomattox Court House
Emancipation Acts, 1862, 1863
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Post-Reconstruction African American Issues Industrialism
shortcomings of Reconstruction: laissez-faire
sharecropping, “Robber Barons”
disenfranchisement: poll taxes, literacy tests, Transcontinental Railroad
“grandfather” clauses, gerrymandering Union Pacific Railroad,
“Jim Crow” -- segregation (1890s) Central Pacific Railroad
Booker T. Washington, accommodation Leland Stanford
“Atlanta Compromise,” 1895 government subsidies to railroads
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 -- “separate but equal” workers: “paddies,” “coolies”
W.E.B. DuBois Cornelius Vanderbilt, NY Central Railroad
“talented tenth” corrupt railroad practices: stock watering,
Niagara Movement, 1905 pools, rebates, short haul/long haul
NAACP John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil
horizontal integration
Gilded Age: 1865-1900 Andrew Carnegie, vertical integration
Corruption in the Grant administration Bessemer process
Tweed Ring, Boss Tweed J. P. Morgan, interlocking directorates
Thomas Nast U.S. Steel Corporation
Panic of 1873 and the silver issue Mechanization
Greenback-Labor Party Thomas Edison
1876 election: candidates, electoral commission Alexander Graham Bell
Compromise of 1877 The “New South”
assassination of President Garfield trusts, holding companies
President Grover Cleveland
Tariff issue (big in the 1880s) Government Regulation and Court Cases
Populism: (People’s Party) Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887
free silver, 16:1 Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890
Granger laws Supreme Court Cases:
Munn v. Illinois Munn v. Illinois, 1877
Wabash Case, 1886 Wabash case, 1886
Farmers’ Alliances
Election of 1892: Cleveland, Harrison, Weaver Labor
Populist Party, Omaha Platform, 1892 National Labor Union, William Sylvis
Cleveland’s 2nd term: Great Railroad strike, 1877
Panic of 1893 Knights of Labor: Terence Powderly
Coxey’s Army, 1893 Haymarket Square riot, 1886
Pullman Strike, 1894 American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Morgan Bond Transaction, 1895 Samuel Gompers
Election of 1896: candidates, issues collective bargaining
William McKinley, Marcus Hanna strikes, boycotts, closed shop
William Jennings Bryan company unions
“Cross of Gold” speech Homestead strike, 1890
Pullman strike, 1894, Eugene V. Debs
Lockner v. New York, 1906
Muller v. Oregon, 1908
Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914

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Urbanization EXPANSION & IMPERIALISM
John A. Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge France out of Mexico, Maximilian, 1867
Louis Sullivan, skyscrapers Monroe Doctrine
lure of industrial jobs James G. Blaine, Pan-Americanism
streetcar suburbs Venezuelan boundary dispute, 1895
tenements “yellow journalism,” Hearst & Pulitzer
Jane Addams, Hull House Josiah Strong, Our Country
Florence Kelley Alfred Thayer Mahan,
Political Machines Influence of Sea Power on History
Boss Tweed Grover Cleveland and Hawaii
Tammany Hall Queen Liluokalani
George Washington Plunkitt, “honest graft” Samoan Crisis, Pago Pago
“New Immigration”, Ellis Island U.S. Conflict with Spain over Cuba
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882; “coolies” explosion of Maine
Victorian values (among middle class) Spanish-American War, 1898
Comstock Law, 1873; “New Morality” Commodore Dewey, Manila Bay
Theodore Roosevelt, Asst. Sec. of Navy
Social and Intellectual Movements and Ideas Rough Riders, San Juan Hill (Kettle Hill)
Social Darwinism Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico
Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth annexation of Hawaii
Fundamentalism Treaty of Paris, 1898
Social Gospel American Anti-Imperialist League
Salvation Army, YMCA U.S. policy toward Cuba
Red Cross, Clara Barton Insular Cases
Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 2000-1887 Teller Amendment
Henry George, Progress and Poverty, single tax Platt Amendment
Horatio Alger’s books for youth (rags to riches) Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) U.S. policy toward Philippines
Francis Willard protectorate
Carrie Nation Aguinaldo, Philippine insurrection
U.S. policy toward China
The West Sec. of State John Hay, Open Door Note
3 frontiers of the west: spheres of influence
mining, Comstock Lode Boxer Rebellion
cattle raising, long drive, cowboys election of 1900: candidates, issues
barbed wire, Joseph Glidden Roosevelt’s Big Stick diplomacy
farming, Homestead Act, 1862 Panama
Plains Indians: Sioux Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 1903
Little Big Horn: George Custer, Crazy Horse Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 1903
Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Panama revolution
Apache, Geronimo Panama Canal
Wounded Knee, 1892 Venezuelan crisis, 1902
Helen Hunt Jackson, A Century of Dishonor Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 “Colossus of the North”
Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889 & 1892 Dominican Republic
1890 Census report: no discernible frontier U.S. policy toward Asia
Frederick Jackson Turner, frontier thesis Russo-Japanese War, Treaty of Portsmouth
San Francisco School Board incident
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Gentleman's Agreement, 1908 Prohibition of Alcohol
“Great White Fleet,” 1907 Women’s Christian Temperance Union,
William H. Taft, “dollar diplomacy” Francis Willard
Wilson, “Moral Diplomacy” Anti-Saloon League
invasion of Mexico 18th Amendment (1919)
Pancho Villa Volstead Act (1919)
General John “Black Jack” Pershing
Presidents Roosevelt & Taft as Progressives
Progressivism Theodore Roosevelt
Populist ideas that carry forward Square Deal, “three C’s”
“muckrakers” Control of Corporations
Progressive agenda: anti-trust, anti-political anthracite coal strike, 1902
machines, improved living conditions Dept. of Commerce & Labor, 1903
democracy, efficiency, social justice Northern Securities Co. case, holding co.
Pre-1900 critics (of the Gilded Age) “trust buster”
Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives Hepburn Act, 1906
socialists consumer protection
Lester Frank Ward Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Richard Ely Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
muckrakers conservation
Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities Newlands Reclamation Act, 1902
Ida Tarbell, History of the Standard Oil Co. national parks
John Spargo, The Btiter Cry of the Children Panic of 1907
Upton Sinclair, The Jungle William Howard Taft
Progressive Activists break up of Standard Oil
Jane Addams Split in Republican party
Florence Kelley Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909
Political Reforms Ballinger-Pinchot controversy
Robert LaFollette, “Wisconsin Experiment” Uncle Joe Cannon, Old Guard Republicans
initiative, referendum, recall Roosevelt’s Osawatomie, Kansas speech
direct primary, direct election of Senators Taft-Roosevelt split
state income tax Bull Moose Party, campaign
Hiram Johnson, California election of 1912:
Charles Evans Hughes, NY Woodrow Wilson, New Freedom
Australian ballot (secret ballot) Theodore Roosevelt, New Nationalism
Galveston Texas, commission system Eugene V. Debs, Socialist Party
city manager system
16th, 17th, 18th, & 19th Amendments President Woodrow Wilson as a Progressive
improved conditions for workers Underwood Tariff (1913), income tax
Triangle Shirtwaist Co. fire, 1911 Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Federal TradeCommission, cease & desist orders
Women’s suffrage Clayton Antiturst Act, labor’s “Magna Carta”
National American Woman Suffrage Asso. Federal Highways Act, 1916
Carrie Chapman Catt, “Winning Plan” Warehouse Act, 1916
Alice Paul, militant tactics, ERA Child Labor Act, 1916
19th Amendment Adamson Act, 1916

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Supreme Court rolls back progressive reforms Teapot Dome scandal
Lochner v. U.S., 1905 Conservative political agenda
death of Child Labor Act Fordney-McCumber Tariff, 1922
Schenck v. U.S., 1919 Andrew Mellon, tax cuts (“trickle down”)
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Sec. of Commerce Herbert Hoover, trade
Adkins v. Childrens Hospital, 1923 associations
McNary-Haugen Bill, vetoes
First World War election of 1928: Hoover vs. Smith
Triple Entente: Allies Bruce Barton, The Man Nobody Knows, 1925
Triple Alliance: Central Powers “The Lost Generation”
Lusitania, Arabic pledge, Sussex pledge F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby
election of 1916: Hughes, Wilson, issues Sinclair Lewis, Main Street, Babbitt
unrestricted submarine warfare Theodore Dreisler, An American Tragedy
Zimmerman Note Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms
Russian Revolution, 1917, March and Bolshevik T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land
U.S. declares war, April 1917 Prohibition, Volstead Act, Al Capone
Creel Committee “Americanism”
“Make the world safe for democracy” KKK
“War to end all wars” fundamentalists, Billy Sunday
bond drives, Liberty Loans Immigration Act of 1921
War Industries Board, Bernard Baruch National Origins Act of 1924
Herbert Hoover, Food Administration Sacco and Vanzetti case
Espionage Act, 1917; Sedition Act, 1918 Scopes trial, Darrow, Bryan
Eugene Debs imprisoned Consumerism: automobile, radio, movies
IWW, “Wobblies” Henry Ford, the Model T, assembly line 1913
selective service (conscription) Movies: The Jazz Singer (1927), Rudolph
black migration to Northern cities Valentino, Charlie Chaplin
General John J. (“Black Jack”) Pershing KDKA, Pittsburgh
Argonne-Meuse offensive new woman, flappers
Wilson’s Fourteen Points Margaret Sanger, birth control
Versailles Conference, Versailles Treaty impact of Sigmund Freud’s theories
Big Four: Wilson, George, Clemenceau, Orlando The “Jazz Age”: Louis Armstrong
League of Nations Article X of Versailles Treaty Harlem Renaissance: Langston Hughes, Claude
collective security McKay, Nora Zeale Hurston, Countee Cullen,
new nations, self-determination Duke Ellington
Article 231, reparations Marcus Garvey, Universal Negro Improvement
Lodge Reservations, Henry Cabot Lodge Association
“irreconcilables”: Borah, Johnson, La Follette Charles Lindbergh, Spirit of St. Louis
election of 1920: Candidates, issues Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey
Red Scare, Palmer raids
strikes: 1919, coal, steel, Boston Police, FOREIGN POLICY
Seattle General Strike Versailles Treaty
inflation during World War I Washington Disarmament Conference
Five Power Treaty
The 1920s Dawes Plan, 1924
election of 1920: candidates, issues Kellogg-Briand Treaty, 1928
Warren Harding, “Normalcy” Clark Memorandum, 1928
brief recession, 1920-1921 Hoover-Stimson Doctrine, 1931
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HOOVER ADMINISTRATION Social Security Act, 1935
Bull market, Bear market 2nd AAA, 1938
Agricultural Marketing Act, 1929, Farm Board Fair Labor Standards Act: maximum hours and
Wall Street Crash, Oct 1929 minimum wage
causes of the Depression Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),
impact of the Depression John L. Lewis
depression as an international event sit down strikes
Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930 Dust Bowl, Okies; Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath
Hoover’s moratorium on international debt New Democratic party coalition: blacks, unions,
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, RFC intellectuals, city machines, Southern whites
Bonus Army, 1932 American Liberty League
“Hoovervilles” Huey Long, “Share the Wealth”
deportation of Mexicans Father Charles Coughlin
Dr. Francis Townsend
ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL Schechter Poultry Corp. v. U.S., 1935
election of 1932: candidates, issues U.S. v. Butler, 1936
Twenty-first Amendment “court packing” proposal (Judiciary Act of 1937)
Brain Trust “conservative coalition” in Congress
Frances Perkins, Sec. of Labor Recession of 1937-38
Eleanor Roosevelt Keynesian economics, deficit spending

First New Deal World War II

“relief, recovery, and reform” Good Neighbor Policy:
“Hundred Days” Montevideo Conference
“bank holiday” Buenos Aires Conference
Emergency Banking Relief Act, 3/33 Nye Committee, “merchants of death”
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 3/33 Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937
Federal Emergency Relief Admin (FERA), 5/33 totalitarianism, fascism, communism
[Civil Works Administration (CWA), 11/33] Hitler, Mussolini
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), 5/33 Spanish Civil War, 1936, Francisco Franco
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Japan attacks China, 1937 Chiang Kai-shek
National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA), 6/33 Panay incident
National Recovery Admin. (NRA) “Quarantine speech”, 1937
“Blue Eagle,” Section 7a Munich Conference, 1938, appeasement,
Public Works Administration (PWA) Neville Chamberlain
Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, 6/33 pacifism, Britain, France
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) Austria annexed, 1938
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC), 6/34 Czechoslovakia invaded, Sudetenland, 1938-39
Federal Housing Authority (FHA), 1934 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 invasion of Poland, blitzkrieg, 1939
Second New Dea Axis powers
Works Progress Administration Grand Alliance
Federal Arts Project, May 1935 Neutrality Act of 1939:“cash-and-carry” revision
National Youth Administration (WPA), 1935 fall of France, 1940
Rural Electrification Admi (REA), 1935 Battle of Britain, 1940
Wagner Act , 1935 America First Committee, Charles Lindbergh
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Committee to Defend America by Aiding the
Revenue Act, 1935 (“soak the rich” tax) Allies
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Smith-Connolly Antistrike Act, John L. Lewis, Soviet A-bomb, 1949
A. Philip Randolph NATO, 1949; collective security
Destroyer-Bases Deal, 1940 Warsaw Pact, 1955
“Arsenal of Democracy” speech NSC-68
Lend LeaseAct, March 1941 Korean War, Inchon, limited war
German undeclared naval warfare Truman fires MacArthur
Atlantic Charter, August 1941 Hydrogen bomb: U.S. & U.S.S.R., superpowers
German invasion of Soviet Union Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941
Japanese internment, Executive Order 9066 Cold War: Eisenhower
Zoot Suit riots, 1943 End to Korean War
Midway CIA in Iran, 1953
island-hopping John Foster Dulles, “massive retaliation,”
El Alamein, “Operation Torch” brinksmanship
War Production Board mutual assured destruction (MAD)
Office of Price Administration (OPA) Khrushchev, 1955 Geneva Summit
War Labor Board “peaceful coexistence”
General Eisenhower, General MacArthur Hungarian uprising, 1956
second front Suez Canal crisis, 1956
D-Day, June 6, 1944 Sputnik, 1957
Stalingrad, 1942-43 NASA
“Big Three” National Education Act (+ AP program!)
Tehran Conference, 1943 Lebanon, 1958
Yalta Conference, 1945 Eisenhower Doctrine
Potsdam Conference, 1945 Organization of American States (OAS)
“unconditional surrender” Fidel Castro’s revolution, 1959
Iwo Jima and Okinawa U-2 incident
Manhattan Project, J. Robert Oppenheimer Eisenhower’s farewell speech, “military-
Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Enola Gay industrial-complex”
decisions to use of the A-bomb
genocide, “Final Solution” Cold War at Home: Truman & Eisenhower
Nuremburg trials Smith Act, 1940
United Nations Loyalty Review Board (Truman)
Bretton Woods Conference, International House Un-American Committee (HUAC)
Monetary Fund (IMF) Alger Hiss case, Richard Nixon, 1948
McCarran Internal Security Bill, 1950
COLD WAR: Truman Rosenbergs
Yalta Conference blacklisting, “Hollywood Ten”
Partitioning of Germany & Korea McCarthyism
Winston Churchill, “Iron Curtain” speech
communist satellites (Eastern Europe) Cold War: Kennedy
National Security Act, Dept. of Defense, 1947 “flexible response”
containment, George F. Kennan Berlin Wall, 1961
Truman Doctrine, 1947 Bay of Pigs, 1961
Marshall Plan, Sec. of State George C. Marshall Cuban missile crisis, 1962
Berlin blockade, Berlin airlift, 1948-49 Alliance for Progress
fall of China, 1949 Mao Tse-tung Peace Corps
Chiang Kai-shek, Formosa (Taiwan) Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
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Vietnam: Eisenhower, JFK, LBJ, & Nixon desegregation in federal jobs
Dien Bien Phu, 1954 Election of 1948: “Dixiecrats”
Ho Chi Minh, Vietminh “Fair Deal”
domino theory Presidential Succession Act of 1947
Viet Cong, National Liberation Front (NLF) 22nd Amendment
Ngo Dinh Diem
Kennedy -- increase of military advisors Dwight D. Eisenhower:
President Johnson -- escalation “dynamic conservatism”
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964 Interstate Highway System, 1956
Tet offensive, 1968 maintenance of New Deal programs: Department
Kent State incident, Jackson State incident of Health, Education and Welfare
Daniel Ellsberg, Pentagon Papers AFL-CIO merger, 1955
My Lai massacre, Lt. Calley Jimmy Hoffa, Teamsters
President Nixon & Sec. of State Henry Kissinger Landrum-Griffen Act of 1959
bombing of Laos and Cambodia Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
Vietnamization Little Rock crisis, 1957
Paris Accords, 1973
fall of Saigon, 1975 Society
“Affluent Society”: 1950-1070
Cold War: Nixon baby boom
détente growing middle class
SALT I Agreement cult of domesticity re-emerges
Henry Kissinger Rock’ n’ Roll, Elvis Presley
China visit, 1972 Dr. Benjamin Spock, The Commonsense Book of
Moscow visit, 1972 Baby and Child Care
War Powers Act, 1973 suburbia
conformity
Cold War & Foreign Policy: Carter David Reisman
Soviet invasion of Aftghanistan, 1979 beatniks, the Beat Generation
Olympic boycott, 1980 Jack Kerouac, On The Road
“Humanitarian diplomacy” Jackson Pollock, abstract expressionism
Panama Canal Treaty, 1977
Camp David Accords, Sadat and Begin Domestic Issues -- 1960s
Iran Hostage crisis, Ayatollah Khomeini Election of 1960: Kennedy vs. Nixon, TV
“New Frontier”
Cold War & Foreign Policy: Reagan/Bush eventual support for civil rights
“Star Wars,” SDI, Strategic Defense Initiative Assassination of JFK, Lee Harvey Oswald,
Mikhail Gorbachev, glasnost, perestroika Warren Commission
INF Treaty, 1987 The Great Society
“Revolutions of 1989”: Berlin Wall falls Civil Rights Act of 1964
fall of Soviet Union, 1991 Voting Rights Act of 1965
election of 1964: LBJ, Goldwater
Domestic Issues & Culture: 1940s and 1950s Michael Harrington: The Other Side of America
Harry Truman: Office of Econ. Opportunity, “War on Poverty”
G.I. Bill, 1944 Elementary and Secondary Act, Head Start
Taft-Hartley Act, 1947 Medicare
“right to work laws” Immigration Act of 1965
desegregation of armed forces, 1947 Dept. of Housing and Urban Development
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election of 1968: candidates, issues deregulation: AT&T, airlines, trucking, savings
1968: “The Year of Shocks” – Tet Offensive & loan
Chicago, Democratic Party Convention riot Air traffic controllers strike
assassinations of Robert Kennedy & MLK election of 1984: candidates, issues
Richard Nixon’s “Southern strategy” Iran-Contra affair, Col. Oliver North
Governor George Wallace Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
moon race, Neil Armstrong culture war
Sunbelt vs. Frost belt (or Rustbelt) “Religious Right”
Earl Warren, Warren Court defeat of the ERA, 1982; Phyllis Schlafly
Miranda decision, Escobedo decision
Gideon v. Wainwright George Bush’s Presidency
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring Panama invasion, General Noriega
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Clear Air Act, 1990 (also one in 1970)
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique The Gulf War:, “Desert Storm,” Saddam Hussein
National Organization for Women (NOW) recession in early 1990s
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) election of 1992: Clinton, Bush, Perot
Counterculture, “Hippies,” Woodstock
sexual revolution, birth control pill Black History
Andy Warhol, Pop Art Slavery
Reconstruction: 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Domestic Issues: 1970s Post-Reconstruction: Sharecropping, “Jim Crow”
Nixon, “New Federalism”, “revenue sharing” Booker T. Washington, “Atlanta Compromise”
Spiro T. Agnew, resignation Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, “separate but equal”
wage and price controls W.E.B. Du Bois, NAACP
impounding, Nixon vs. Congress great migration northward during WWI
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Red Summer,”1919
gains in environmental protection Marcus Garvey
election of 1972: Nixon vs. McGovern A. Philip Randolph, MOWM
Watergate scandal, Nixon’s resignation WWII migration to urban areas in North & West
Arab oil Embargo, OPEC desegregation of the armed forces, 1948
President Gerald Ford, Nixon pardon Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954
“stagflation” Rosa Parks, Montgomery bus boycott, 1955
Cesar Chavez, United Farm Workers Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. (SCLC)
Roe v. Wade, 1973 Little Rock, 1957
American Indian Movement (AIM), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Wounded Knee Student Nonviolent Coord. Committee (SNCC)
Greensboro sit-in, 1960
Jimmy Carter Freedom Riders
amnesty for Vietnam draft dodgers University of Mississippi, James Meredith
deregulation of airline industry March on Washington, 1963, “I have a dream”
election of 1980: candidates, issues Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII
“Moral Majority,” Jerry Falwell Voting Rights Act, 1965; 24th Amendment
Malcolm X, Black Muslims, Elijah Muhammad
Domestic Issues: Reagan black power: Stokely Carmichael
“Reaganomics”: tax cut & massive increase in Black Panthers: H. Rap Brown
military spending Watts Riots, LA, 1965
supply side economics Thurgood Marshall, associate justice
Sandra Day O’Connor affirmative action
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