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    Infrastructure Planing &amp Management

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    ibrahim
    This document provides an overview of infrastructure, including: 1) It defines infrastructure as the underlying foundation or framework of a system and lists characteristics like serving large groups, enabling essential services, and achieving economic and social goals. 2) It outlines the main types of physical infrastructure as transportation, water and sanitation, energy, telecommunications, and housing/facilities. 3) It describes the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth, as evidenced by a study showing a correlation between paved roads and GNP, and in alleviating poverty by providing access to markets, services, information, and productivity. 4) It notes the global infrastructure crisis as aging systems in developed nations and lack of access in

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    Infrastructure Planing &amp Management

    Uploaded by

    ibrahim
    254 views12 pages
    This document provides an overview of infrastructure, including: 1) It defines infrastructure as the underlying foundation or framework of a system and lists characteristics like serving large groups, enabling essential services, and achieving economic and social goals. 2) It outlines the main types of physical infrastructure as transportation, water and sanitation, energy, telecommunications, and housing/facilities. 3) It describes the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth, as evidenced by a study showing a correlation between paved roads and GNP, and in alleviating poverty by providing access to markets, services, information, and productivity. 4) It notes the global infrastructure crisis as aging systems in developed nations and lack of access in

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    Infrastructure Planing & Management

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    This document provides an overview of infrastructure, including: 1) It defines infrastructure as the underlying foundation or framework of a system and lists characteristics like serving large groups, enabling essential services, and achieving economic and social goals. 2) It outlines the main types of physical infrastructure as transportation, water and sanitation, energy, telecommunications, and housing/facilities. 3) It describes the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth, as evidenced by a study showing a correlation between paved roads and GNP, and in alleviating poverty by providing access to markets, services, information, and productivity. 4) It notes the global infrastructure crisis as aging systems in developed nations and lack of access in

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    254 views12 pages

    Infrastructure Planing &amp Management

    Uploaded by

    ibrahim
    This document provides an overview of infrastructure, including: 1) It defines infrastructure as the underlying foundation or framework of a system and lists characteristics like serving large groups, enabling essential services, and achieving economic and social goals. 2) It outlines the main types of physical infrastructure as transportation, water and sanitation, energy, telecommunications, and housing/facilities. 3) It describes the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth, as evidenced by a study showing a correlation between paved roads and GNP, and in alleviating poverty by providing access to markets, services, information, and productivity. 4) It notes the global infrastructure crisis as aging systems in developed nations and lack of access in

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    of 12

    Infrastructure Planning and

    Management
    Class 1 - Introduction to Infrastructure
    Agenda
    „ What is infrastructure?

    „ Types of infrastructure

    „ The role of infrastructure

    „ The infrastructure crisis


    What is Infrastructure?
    „ There is no single definition for the term
    “infrastructure”. It is a term used in a
    variety of disciplines
    „ The “Merriam Webster” Dictionary defines
    infrastructure as “The underlying
    foundation or basic framework (as of a
    system or organization)”
    Attributes of Infrastructure
    „ Rather than describing infrastructure through a single
    definition, it might be more helpful to describe
    infrastructure through a set of characteristics that are
    attributed to it. Some of these characteristics that are
    popularly associated with infrastructure are:
    … Infrastructure facilities are generally available to large groups of
    people
    … Infrastructure helps deliver essential services for the functioning
    of an organization or society
    … Infrastructure helps achieve economic and social objectives
    … Infrastructure is the base upon which society and its activities
    rest
    … Examples of infrastructure are waterways, roads, etc
    Types of Infrastructure
    „ Several systems can be characterized as infrastructure – including
    Computer Systems that network and serve data and applications,
    educational curriculum and so on.
    „ For the purpose of this course, we will narrow down our perception
    of infrastructure and restrict it to PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE of
    the following types
    „ Transportation Infrastructure
    … E.g: Roads, Bridges, Airports, Ports, Waterways
    „ Water and Sanitation Infrastructure
    … E.g: Water Supply Systems, Sewage treatment systems
    „ Energy Infrastructure
    … E.g: Dams, power plants, power distribution and transmission facilities,
    pipelines
    „ Telecommunication Infrastructure
    „ Housing, Facilities and Recreation
    The Role of Infrastructure

    „ The importance of infrastructure is two-fold

    … Infrastructure
    is instrumental in promoting
    economic growth

    … Infrastructure also plays a role in alleviating


    poverty
    Infrastructure and Economic
    Growth
    „ In the following slide a graph is presented that clarifies the role of
    infrastructure in economic development (Source: Queiroz et al, 1992
    – World Bank Working Paper).
    „ This slide shows a plot of the length of paved roads that a country
    has versus its GNP
    „ 98 countries were surveyed to plot this graph
    „ A clear correlation emerged between the Length of paved roads
    (LPR) and the per-capita GNP (PGNP) according to the following
    equation
    … PGNP = 1.39 (LPR)
    „ This indicates that the more physical infrastructure a country has (in
    this example we consider only transportation infrastructure, but this
    relationship holds true for other types of infrastructure as well), the
    greater the economic stability and vice versa.
    Infrastructure, Economic Growth
    and poverty reduction
    Economic Poverty
    Growth Reduction
    Transportation Faster access to destinations, More reliable access to markets
    increase in productivity so that fresher goods can be
    sold at lower wastage levels

    Water and Sanitation Incentives for construction of Improved health, reduction in


    facilities, infrastructure and health related spending,
    residential infrastructure, which potential increase in income
    in turn promote economic savings
    growth

    Telecommunications Improved access and transfer of Increased access to information


    data, leading to reduced travel leading to improved ability to
    times and increases in make decisions on issues like
    productivity selling price of produce etc

    Energy Reliable and abundant power 24 hour electricity increase the


    enables setting up of industries duration of the productive
    and residences that create jobs, working day, thereby
    manufacture products and augmenting income, increasing
    promote economic growth agricultural yields etc.
    The Infrastructure Crisis
    „ Despite the importance of infrastructure for economic and social well-being,
    we are faced with several problems
    „ Infrastructure in developed countries is old, unreliable, inefficient and in
    need of replacement.
    … The USA is embarking on a major plan relating to infrastructure spending
    „ In developing countries, infrastructure is often not available
    … Large portions of urban and rural populations in developing countries have
    inadequate access to water and sanitation
    … Power supply is non-existent or unreliable and people are faced with frequent
    power-cuts
    … Quality of road infrastructure is often bad, leading to long travel times and
    increased vehicle maintenance costs. Width of roads is also often a constraining
    factor leading to traffic jams and blocks.
    … Several of these problems currently hold true for many areas in India as well.
    „ This is therefore a golden opportunity for engineers with technical as well as
    managerial and policy level knowledge of these issues, since there is a
    huge demand for such people to enter the workforce and solve the worlds
    infrastructure inadequacies.
    Why do we have so many
    problems with infrastructure?
    „ This particular question and ways in which to solve it will
    the focus of this entire course. It is therefore impossible
    to answer this question right away. Before we conclude
    this session, we list out a few of the causes for the failure
    to provide adequate infrastructure
    … Lack of funds
    … Lack of implementation and management capabilities
    … Corruption, bureaucracy and unfair competition
    … Land acquisition issues involving dealing with displaced people
    and special interest groups
    … etc
    Thank you

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