Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Problems and Answers

FALL 2014
MHA/KA/ME/MMY
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME 305 FLUID MECHANICS I
HOMEWORK 2
1. A closed cylindrical tank filled with water has a hemispherical dome and is connected to
an inverted piping system as shown in figure below. The liquid in the top part of the piping
system has a specific gravity of 0.8, and the remaining parts of the system are filled with
water. If the pressure gage reading at A is 60 kPa, determine:
(a) the pressure in pipe B, and (b) the pressure head, in millimeters of mercury, at the top
of the dome (point C). (Answer: (a) 103kPa, (b) 230mm)
Problem 1
2. The cyclindrical tank with hemispherical ends shown in figure below contains a volatile
liquid and its vapor. The liquid density is 800 kg/m3 and its vapor density is negligible. The
pressure in the vapor is 120 kPa (abs), and the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa (abs).
Determine: (a) the gage pressure reading on the pressure gage; and (b) the height, h, of the
mercury manometer. (Answer: (a) 26.9 kPa, (b) 0.202 m)
Problem 2
3. Determine the new differential reading along the inclined leg of the mercury manometer
of figure, if the pressure in pipe A is decreased 10 kPa and the pressure in pipe B remains
unchanged. The fluid in A has a specific gravity of 0.9 and the fluid in B is water.
(Answer: 0.212m)
Problem 3
4. Intravenous infusions are usually driven by gravity by hanging the fluid bottle at
sufficient height to counteract the blood pressure in the vein and to force the fluid into the
body. The higher the bottle is raised, the higher the flow rate of the fluid will be.
(a) If it is observed that the fluid and the blood pressures balance each other when the
bottle is 1.2 m above the arm level, determine the gage pressure of the blood.
(b) If the gage pressure of the fluid at the arm level needs to be 20 kPa for sufficient flow
rate, determine how high the bottle must be placed. Take the density of the fluid to be 1020
kg/m3. (Answer: (a) 12kPa, (b) 2.0m)
Problem 4
5. A 5-m-high, 5-m-wide rectangular plate blocks the end of a 4-m-deep freshwater

channel, as shown in figure on the right. The plate is hinged about a horizontal axis along
its upper edge through a point A and is restrained from opening by a fixed ridge at point B.
Determine the force exerted on the plate by the ridge. (Answer: 288 kN)
Problem 5
6. A 4-m-long quarter-circular gate of radius 3 m and of negligible weight is hinged about

its upper edge A, as shown in figure below. The gate controls the flow of water over the
ledge at B, where the gate is pressed by a spring. Determine the minimum spring force
required to keep the gate closed when the water level rises to A at the upper edge of the
gate.
(Answer: 177 kN)
Problem 6
7. The cross-sectional shape of a canoe is modeled by the curve y = ax2, where a = 3.89 m-1
and the coordinates are in meters. Assume the width of the canoe is constant at w = 0.6 m
over its entire length L = 5.25 m. Set up a general algebraic expression relating the total
mass of the canoe and its contents to distance d between the water surface and the gunwale
of the floating canoe. Calculate the maximum total mass allowable without swamping the
canoe.
(Answer: 735 kg)
w
d
y
x
y = ax2
Problem 7
8. A hydrometer has a bulb diameter of 0.02 m, a bulb length of 0.08 m, a stem diameter of
0.01 m, a stem length of 0.08 m and a mass of 0.035 kg. Determine the range of specific
gravities that can be measured with this hydrometer if the liquid levels range between the
bottom and top of the stem. (Answer: 1.114 1.392)
Problem 8
9. Scientific balloons operating at pressure equilibrium with the surroundings can be used
to lift instrument to extremely high altitudes. In such an experiment, a balloon, constructed
of polyester skin of thickness 0.013 mm, lifted a payload of 230 kg to an altitude of 49 km,
where atmospheric conditions are 0.95 mbar and -20 oC. The helium gas in the balloon is at
a temperature of -10 oC. Specific gravity of the skin material is 1.28. Assuming that the
balloon is spherical, determine its diameter and mass. (Answer: 227.2 kg)
10. A retaining wall against a mud slide is to be constructed by placing 0.8-m-high and 0.2m-wide rectangular concrete blocks ( = 2700 kg/m3)
side by side, as shown in figure on the right. The
friction coefficient between the ground and the
concrete blocks is f = 0.3, and the density of the mud
is about 1800 kg/m3. There is concern that the
concrete blocks may slide or tip over the lower left
edge as the mud level rises. Determine the mud height
at which (a) the blocks will overcome friction and
start sliding and (b) the blocks will tip over.
(Answer: (a) h=0.38 m (b) h=0.52 m)
References:
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed. by Munson
Fluid Mechanics, 7th Ed. by White
Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications, 3rd Ed. by Cengel and Cimbala
GROUP 01
QUIZ 2 BASED ON THIS HOMEWORK (QUESTIONS 1-5) WILL BE GIVEN
DURING THE FIFTH WEEK (OCTOBER 20 -24, 2014)
QUIZ 3 BASED ON THIS HOMEWORK (QUESTIONS 6-10) WILL BE GIVEN
DURING THE SIXTH WEEK (OCTOBER 27-31, 2014)

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FALL 2014

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

5. A 5-m-high, 5-m-wide rectangular plate blocks the end of a 4-m-deep freshwater

6. A 4-m-long quarter-circular gate of radius 3 m and of negligible weight is hinged about

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