qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 278-282

nato svianaZe

niko lorTqifaniZis esTetikuri mrwamsi,

mxatvruli manera, ena, stili

ferwerasTan Sexamebuli bgerweris Taviseburi modeli, romelic

musikiT gamowveuli emociis tolfasovania – aseTia mwerlis esteTikuri
mrwamsi. niko lorTqifaniZis es rwmena kondensirebuladaa Camoyalibebuli
im epigrafSi, romelic man warumZRvara miniaturaTa cikls saerTo
saTauriT "sulieri ganwyobilebani" (1914): "umTavres miznad mqonda
mkiTxvelSi erTgvari sulieri ganwyobileba gamomewvia - sityvis
saSualebiT musikis sawadeli mimeRwia. qarTul mwerlobaSi iSviaTia aseTi
cda. Secdoma da uxerxulobac amitom mravali iqneba".
n. lorTqifaniZis TiTqmis yvela novelas sakuTari intonacia aqvs.
intonaciuri simdidre, romelic kvlav nawarmoebis feradovnebisken aris
mimarTuli, qmnis ganwyobilebaTa dausruleblad cvalebad gamas. es gama
xan aRmavalia, aqtiurad mJReri, xan unazesi sevdiT moculi, an Cumi,
nawyvet-nawyveti, grZnobis gamomxatveli sasveni niSnebiT aRniSnuli. yoveli
intonacia saSualebas iZleva daisvenos masze mkiTxvelma. yovel gadasvlas
intonaciis erTi kilodan meoreze simWevre Seaqvs nawarmoebSi da azRvevs
mas monotonurobisagan. n. lorTqifaniZe Zlieri intonaciebis gareSe ar
wers, ar metyvelebs. maTi simravle SeiZleba SevadaroT mxolod
impresionistul, wertilebisagan Semdgar suraTs. SeiZleba iTqvas, mwerlis
zogierTi novela puantelisturi rigis nawarmoebia.
n. lorTqifaniZes Zalze exerxeba dialogebis ageba. amaSi, erTi
mxriv, mas exmareba dialogis daniSnulebis srulyofili codna prozaSi,
meore mxriv, n. lorTqifaniZisaTvis, rogorc garkveuli maneris mqone
mwerlisaTvis, es SedarebiT iolad dasauflebel sferos warmoadgenda.
dialogis gamarTvis mxriv igi didi masStabis klasikosTa gverdiT SeiZleba
davayenoT.
"tyvedyofilis dabrunebaSi" vkiTxulobT:
"qoxis kari WrialiT gaiRo da gaisma:
- lekura, ra ambavia, ras uyef?
am Zaxilze ZaRli gaiqca. isev Semobrunda, TiTqos karSi gamosul
qals WiSkrisaken iwvevso.
- isev is mglis arCivi maCvi Semoipara usaTuod, - wyeva-krulviT
waibutbuta qalma da ZaRls gahyva.
- uime! es vinaa?
- me var, deda, - siko!
- ui, Seni Wiri ki Semeyaros! – da qali Caexvia Svils.
- marTa, marTa! – gasZaxa qalma.
qoxis kari isev WrialiT gaiRo.
 - gameiqeci, qalo, siko mosula!..
- uime! amas ras vxedav, batono... – meti veraferi sTqva qalma da ar
icoda, rogor moxveoda, sad ekocna...
mTvare gamocurda Rrublebidan da ezo gaanaTa.
- Cemi ninoia sadaa? – ikiTxa sikom.
- Zinavs... – da marTas undoda gasaRviZeblad wasuliyo; sikom SeaCera:
- iZinos! codvaa gogo! moveswrebi mis naxvas... awi xom arsad waval".
n. lorTqifaniZis yoveli fraza metad metyvelia, mgrZnobiarea,
cocxali. igi arsad ar iZleva vrcel ganmartebebs, sarTulebian
aRwerilobebs. yoveli winadadeba mis nawarmoebSi siaxlis Semcvelia. mas
xSirad ar yofnis moTmineba, rom mTliani fraza Seqmnas, mraval sityvas
andos is, rac mas surda eTqva. misi moTxrobaTa abzacebi Txelia, advilad
dasaZlevi, imitom rom abzacis magier igi erT winadadebas xmarobs.
"fardis awevam daigviana, magram sazogadoebas mouTmenloba ar
emCneoda.
kneina gaqra. – "uialqnod".
xSirad winadadebas igi arCevs erT mokle Sesityvebas. n.
lorTqifaniZis emociurad yvelaze datvirTul nawarmoebSi gvxvdeba
erTsityviani abzacebic. zogan erTi sityvac ar aris da gvxvdeba
mravalwertili, xan kiTxvis niSani, rac weris impresionistul maneraze
migviTiTebs, magram Tuki aseTi manera namdvilad impresionistulia, bazisi
am moTxrobebSi mainc wminda realisturi xdeba.
werilis uSualoba, misi metyveli ena, stilis mxatvruloba
erTgvarad vlindeba nawarmoebTa dawyebis TaviseburebebSi. zogi maTganis
dasawyisi myisve aRWurvilia Rrma fsiqologizmiT, zogi dawyeba
kinematografiuli sicxadiT viTardeba.
pirveli lirikuli (xSirad sentimentaluri) fraza xandaxan
gansazRvravs, erTgvarad tons aZlevs, mTeli moTxrobis lirikul (an
sentimentalur) ganwyobilebas.
arcTu ise iSviaTad mwerali nawarmoebis pirvel winadadebaSi
mTeli nawarmoebis sazrdo esencias aTavsebs. dasawyisi xSirad xdeba
nawarmoebis keTilxmovan mJRer kamertonad: "Seugneblad daerida bavSvebis
sivils – gamovida qoxidan, gaiara ezo, ugzo-ukvlod midioda" _ amgvarad
iwyeba "tragedia ugmirod". cxadia, am moTxrobis ZiriTadi ambis Semdgomi
ganviTareba pirvelsave striqonebSi aqvs avtors mocemuli. "mokvda. mis
naz xels ar gausworebia sasTumali. idumalis mwuxarebiT ar Semouxedavs
oTaxSi satrfos Tvalebs. nacnobebs ar moukiTxavT". amgvaria pirveli
striqonebi moTxrobisa "guli". igi sul ocdaoTxi arasruli
striqonisagan Sedgeba, magram albaT iSviaTad iwereba xolme aseTi
patriotuli simwveliT aRniSnuli nawarmoebi.
n. lorTqifaniZis mxatvruli stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aseTi
Tvisebac – mis miniaturaTa umravlesobas amSveneben minawerebi, romlebic
TiTqos erTgvar eqskurss ukeTeben mkiTxvels nawarmoebis SinaarsSi ukeT
Casawvdomad. amas amCnevda s. Ciqovanis mkafio Tvali: "isini qmnian
nawarmoebis Sinagan samyaroSi Sesasvlelad saWiro sulier mdgomareobas"
(s. Ciqovani, gv. 105). magaliTad, miniaturaTa cikls – "panaSvidi" – aweria:
" vuZRvni mas, visac ukanaskneli pativi ver veci, erTi muWa miwa ver
mivayare", xolo miniaturas "mrcxveni" epigrafad amSvenebs miqelanjelos
ukve damowmebuli sityvebi: "tkbilia Ziri, utkbesia gaqvaveba jamsa saZraxsa
da saxelis gatexisas araferi davinaxo, araferi vigrZno – ai, Cemi
netareba, maS, nu maRviZeb, wynarad ilaparake".
n. lorTqifaniZis stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo didi siZunwe
sityvieri masalisa, mokveTili stili. "gaWianurebuli sityvaTa frqveva",
rogorc TviTon ambobda, mas WiriviT sZulda. is iyo Taviseburi xarkis
gadaxda 900-ian wlebSi mxatvrul literaturaSi danergili
impresionistuli stilisaTvis. rogorc cnobilia, 900-iani wlebidan
moyolebuli, vidre meoce saukunis 20-ian wlebamdis, Cvens mwerlobaSi
Zlierad aRorZinda SekumSuli Tqmebisa da frazebis mcire formis
moTxrobebi, magram aq Cven ar unda avurioT revoluciis wlebSi
gamoyenebuli es msxvili, mcire formiani lirikuli prozis nimuSebi
dekadantur miniaturebTan. am SemTxvevaSi n. lorTqifaniZe erTgvari
SemakavSirebeli xidi iyo impresionistuli da qarTuli realisturi
mcireforniani prozauli Janrisa. igi, erTi mxriv, aragvispirelisa da i.
evdoSvilis msgavsad, mimarTavda moTxrobebis mcire formas _ eskizs,
suraTs, miniaturas, meore mxriv, v. barnovis msgavsad, iyenebs ritmul
prozas, metwilad galeqsili formiT, oRond, arqaizmebisagan Tavisufals.
ai, Tundac misi erTi magaliTi: "gulis iarebs rom xelsa hkrav, pirSi rom
metyvi kiTxvasa mwares, mudam rom sicils cremlad miqcev da rom dascini
Cems aRmafrenas. tyuilad TvalTmaqcob – swored miT gamCnev, rom CemTan
stiri Cemsa satirals, rom CemTan ginda simRera tkbili, rom Cemgan eli
bednierebas. xasiaTs icvli... gana bavSvi var, ver SegamCnio ampartavani, Tu
risTvis sxvebTan ia xar nazi, CemTan ki ekliT moculi vardi.
da nu momeswros, rom Segecvalos es mkacri qceva, tkbil saubrado.
o, RmerTma nu qnas, rom mxolod sityvas, rasac Sen igrZnob, TlaT
daexatos".
moTxrobaSi CarTuli es teqsti Zalian uaxlovdeba leqss, magram n.
lorTqifaniZis weris impresionistuli manera mJRavndeba, rogorc
TviTonve wers, im siuJetur TaviseburebaSi, romelsac igi iyenebda
klasikur siuJetiani nawarmoebisagan gansxvavebiT, STabeWdilebaTa wuTieri
momentebis aRweriT, rasac erTgvarad daumTavrebeli xasiaTi hqonda. n.
lorTqifaniZem Taviseburad moariga impresionistuli lakonizmi
realisturi miniaturebis JanrTan.
ganwyobilebis Sesaqmnelad mwerali mraval xerxs iyenebda.
mkiTxvelis sulSi grZnobis pirveli impulsi saTaurs aqvs, Tavisebur
gancdas aRuZravs mas. "uialqnos", "panaSvidi", "sulieri ganwyobilebani",
"sevdiani naxatebi", "mgloviare guliTa", "saSineli mdgomareoba" da sxva
CamoTvlisTanave qmnian im sulier atmosferos, romliTac gaJRenTili iyo
mwerlis adreuli Semoqmedeba, magram nawarmoebis ganwyobilebis
SesagrZnobad mxolod saTauridan miRebuli STabeWdileba araa sakmarisi.
saWiroa novelis Tu eskizis wakiTxvamde Cadge im sulier mdgomareobaSi,
romelic mwerals hqonda nawarmoebis Seqmnisas. maT gasagebad civi goneba
ar gamodgeba. maTs asaTviseblad imdenad cxovrebisa da literaturis
Teoriis codna ar aris saWiro, ramdenadac unari – Seerwya sxva adamians,
Caiyeno Tavi imave viTarebaSi, romelSic Semoqmedi iyo. maSin gasagebi
gaxdeba sulis is mdgomareoba, rasac Sedegad naRvliani suraTebi
mohyolia. niko lorTqifaniZe cdilobs, rom mkiTxveli nawilobriv mainc
miiyvanos am mdgomareobamde, rasac igi epigrafebis meSveobiT axerxebs:
"mesmis kilo samgloviaro zarisa da vwer" ("cxovreba salomikasi").
amrigad, mwerali xSirad saTaurisa da epigrafis saSualebiT aRwevs
nawarmoebis SesagrZnobad saWiro ganwyobilebis Seqmnas. TviT nawarmoebebi
n. lorTqifaniZisa, umeteswilad, gmiris lirikuli aRsarebaa, Taviseburi
poeturi intonaciiT gadmocemuli.
n. lorTqifaniZisaTvis mTavari ganwyobilebisa da sulis tkivilebis
gadmocemaa, romelic gabmul Txrobas moiTxovs; "Cven gvinda ara mogonili
istoria, aramed gamosaxva, ara garToba, aramed STabeWdileba" – werda h.
fon hofmanstali. ganwyobilebis gadmocema mwyobr siuJets ar saWiroebs.
n. lorTqifaniZis Semoqmedebaze impresionizmis gavlena im siuJetur
TaviseburebaSi mJRavndeba, rac misi nawarmoebisaTvis aris niSneuli.
movlenebi aq isea gadmocemuli, rom aRibeWdeba mxolod SeukavSirebeli
STabeWdilebani, romlebic ar obieqtivirdeba gabmuli Txrobis saxiT. es
aris tipuri impresionistuli forma, sadac gamoricxulia kvanZis Sekvrisa
da gaxsnis principi. Txzulebis calkeuli Tavebi damoukidebeli nawilebia
sakuTari moqmedebiTa da ganviTarebiT, romlebic warmoadgenen ZiriTad
Temis variaciebs.
"visac gamouvlia didi avadmyofoba, axsovs bodva, tkivilebis dros
Cangi Tu ara, zRapari mainc mousmenia, igi gaigebs Cems suliskveTebas da
sasiamod darCeba areuli istoriis, daviwyebuli zepirgadmocemis da
daRlili ocnebis xlarTi, mware RameebSi naRvliani fiqrebis gasafantavad
Sekonili".
amiT naTelia mxatvruli mrwamsi n. lorTqifaniZisa, rac ufro
aaxloebs modernistul mwerlobasTan. rogorc literaturul-esTetikuri
Sexedulebani, ise mxatvruli praqtika n. lorTqifaniZisa, mxatvruli
xerxebi da saSualebani, aRqma, esTetikuri fenomeni modernistulia.
n. lorTqifaniZis mTavari mxatvruli manera plastikuri xedvaa.
Tavis uamrav STabeWdileba im misnuri mxedvelobis wyalobiT iRebs,
romelsac ar gamorCeba araferi mniSvnelovani, arc aristokratis
sasaxleSi da arc glexis qoxSi, amitom aris, rom xSirad misi miniaturebi
"dangreuli budeebidan" da "ameridan" ferweruli peizaJebis sinaTlesa da
sizustes inarCuneben. eskizebi, etiudebi da peizaJebi mTlianobaSi rom
aviRoT, erT did mxatvrul tilos hgavs. es namdvili ferweraa. tyuilad
ki ar aqvs mas epigrafad: "zogan yviTel, zogan wiTel, zogan alisferia"
da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom n. lorTqifaniZis miniaturebs aseTi
saxelebi hqvia: "suraTi soflad", "sentimentaluri naxati", "biusti",
"sevdiani naxatebi"...
n. lorTqifaniZis stilur TaviseburebaTa Soris gansakuTrebiT
unda aRvniSnoT sityvis ukiduresi momWirneoba. mis nimuSad Tundac
"tragedia ugmirod" gamodgeba. aq cota sityviT bevris Tqmis unari
zenitSia ayvanili. unda iTqvas, rom mwerlis es Tavisebureba ar
momdinareobs mxolod mis mier arCeuli mwiri Janridan, rac TavisTavad
saWiroebs lakonur Txrobas. niko lorTqifaniZe mozrdil nawarmoebebSic
erTguli rCeba am wesisa.

damowmebuli literatura

e. abramiSvili, 1972 - e. abramiSvili, niko lorTqifaniZe – novelis

ostati: Jurn. "ciskari", 1972, #4.
T. doiaSvili, 1981 - T. doiaSvili, ganwyobilebaTa da
STabeWdilebaTa mxatvari: gaz. "literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1981, 16
oqtomberi.
g. natroSvili, 1982 - g. natroSvili, niko lorTqifaniZis mxatvruli
samyaro: Jurn. "ganTiadi", 1982, #6.
b. JRenti, 1972 - b. JRenti, mxatvruli sityvis brwyinvale ostati:
Jurn. "mnaTobi", 1972, #10.
s. Wilaia, 1982 - s. Wilaia, qarTuli moTxrobis ostati: gaz.
"literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1982, 30 aprili.

NATO SVIANADZE

NIKO LRTKIPANIDZE’S AESTHETIC CREED, ARTISTIC

MANNER, LANGUAGE AND STYLE

Peculiar pattern of speech sound application in accordance with the paint

application in art that possess congeniality of emotion caused by music sounds – is
N.Lortkipanidze’s aesthetic creed.
Almost each of his short stories has its own unique intonation. These intonations
can be compared with dots of the Impressionist pictures. The author never provides them
for the extended comments. His paragraphs are thin, easily manageable, as it usually
consists of a single sentence. He makes frequent use of a sequence of three full stops,
question marks, suggesting the impressionist manner of writing.
N.Lortkipanidze’s style tends to be close to poetic verse experimenting variety of
means to create mood, among them is the choice of story titles.
Most striking feature of N.Lortkipanidze’s writing style is the extreme frugality of
word-use. He remains loyal to the laconic expression in the bigger works than those of
the short stories.