Chendu College of Engineering & Technology

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University)

Zamin Endathur, Madurantakam, Kancheepuram, District 603311.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SUBJECT NAME: LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
YEAR/SEM: II/IV
SUBJECT CODE: EC6404
UNIT-I ICs FABRICATION
PART-A
1. What are the advantages of IC over discrete component circuits? (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. What is meant by monolithic IC? (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. State the applications of band gap reference circuit. (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. What is a current mirror? What are its advantages? (Nov/Dec 2008), (April/May 2010), (Nov/Dec
2011)
5. Define the terms input bias current and input offset current. (May/June 2009)
6. Mention the characteristics of an ideal op-amp. (May/June 2009)
7. Define CMRR. (Nov/Dec 2009)
8. What is an unity follower, give its schematic and applications. (Nov/Dec 2009)
9. What is an integrated circuit? (April/May 2010)
10. Define slew rate and CMRR (Nov/Dec 2010), (May/ June 2014)
11. Why are active loads preferred than passive loads in the input stage of an operational amplifier?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
12. Name the different methods used in fabrication of integrated resistors. (Nov/Dec 2012), (April/May
2011)
13. What are the two requirements to be met for a good current source. (May/June 2012)
14. List the various methods of realizing high input resistance in a differential amplifier. (May/June
2012)
15. What is the maximum undistorted amplitude, that a sine wave input of 10KHz can produce at the
output of an op-amp whose slew rate is 0.5V/s. (Nov/Dec 2012)
16. List the advantages of integrated circuits over discrete component circuit. (May/ June 2014)
17. What are the basic processes involved in fabricating ICs using planar Technology?
18. List out the steps used in the preparation of Si wafers.
19. Write the basic chemical reaction in the epitaxial growth process of pure silicon. The basic chemical
reaction in the epitaxial growth process of pure silicon is the hydrogen reduction of silicon
tetrachloride.
20. What is birds beak?
21. What are isotropic & anisotropic etchings processes?
22. Define diffusion.
23. Name the parameters which govern the thickness of the film in the oxidation process.
24. What do you mean by monolithic process?
25. Why aluminum is preferred for metallization?
PART-B
1. Explain the different types of resistor fabrication in an IC. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. a) Describe the AC performance characteristics of a operational amplifier. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
b) Describe the DC performance characteristics of a operational amplifier. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. Explain the construction of monolithic bipolar transistor, monolithic diode and integrated resistors.
(16) (May/ June 2014)
4. Explain the internal circuit diagram of IC 741. Discuss its AC and DC performance characteristics.
(16) (May/ June 2014)
5. a) Explain the working of a Wildar current source. (6) (Nov/Dec 2008), (Nov/Dec 2009)
b) What is slew rate? |Discuss the methods of improving slew rate. (10) (Nov/Dec 2008), (May/June
2009), (Nov/Dec 2009)

6. a) What is an active load? Explain the CE amplifier with active load. (6) (May/June 2009)
b) Explain pole-zero compensation (10) (Nov/Dec 2008)
7. a) Briefly explain the method of using constant current bias for increasing CMRR in differential
amplifier. (10) (May/June 2009)
b) State the difference between constant current bias and current mirror in differential amplifier. (6)
(May/June 2009)
8. a) Discuss the frequency compensation in operational amplifier. (8) (May/June 2009)
b) What is a current mirror? Give the current mirror circuit analysis. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
9. Briefly explain the various processes involved in fabricating monolithic IC which integrates bipolar
transistor, diode, capacitor and resistor. (16) (April/May 2010)
10. a) Briefly explain the design considerations in monolithic operational amplifiers. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
b) Explain the importance of isolation and discuss the method of isolation. (8)
11. Explain in detail the fabrication of ICs using silicon planar technology. (16)
12. Explain how a monolithic capacitor can be fabricated. (16)
13. a) Explain the process of photolithography. (8)
14. b) Compare Ion implantation with diffusion. (8)
15. Explain the fundamental of monolithic IC technology using suitable circuit? (16)
UNIT-II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
PART-A
1. State the difference between conventional and precision rectifier. (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. Define Bandwidth of a filter. (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. What is a V to C converter? (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. Draw the circuit of an integrator. (Nov/Dec 2008)
5. What is a voltage follower? (May/ June 2014)
6. Draw the circuit diagram of peak detector. (May/ June 2014)
7. What is comparator? (May/June 2012)
8. Why active guard drive is necessary for an instrumentation amplifier. (May/June 2012)
9. Draw the circuit diagram of an op-amp integrator. Why integrators are preferred over differentiators
to analog computers. (May/June 2009)
10. Draw the schematic of a differentiator. Give its output equation. (May/June 2009)
11. What is a precision rectifier? (May/June 2009)
12. Compare the performance of inverting and non-inverting op-amp configuration. (Nov/Dec 2010)
13. What is the frequency compensation required in operational amplifier. (Nov/Dec 2014)
14. Mention the two important features of an instrumentation amplifier. (April/May 2011)
15. How does precision rectifier differ from the conventional rectifier (April/May 2011)
16. Why are the integrators preferred over differentiators? (Nov/Dec 2011)
17. Draw the pin configuration of IC741.
18. List out the ideal characteristics of OPAMP?
19. Differentiate Schmitt trigger and comparator.
20. What are the limitations of an ideal active differentiator?
21. State the important features of an instrumentation amplifier.
22. Define supply voltage rejection ratio (SVRR)
23. Mention some of the non linear applications of op-amps:24. What are the areas of application of non-linear op- amp circuits?
25. What happens when the common terminal of V+ and V- sources is not grounded?
PART-B
1. With neat sketch explain the operation of a 3 op-amp instrumentation amplifier. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. Explain the operation of precision full wave rectifier with neat sketch. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. With a neat circuit, explain the operation of Schmitt trigger. (16) (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. With neat diagram explain logarithmic amplifier and antilogarithmic amplifier. (16) (May/ June
2014)

5. With neat diagram explain the application of op-amp as precision rectifier, clipper and clamper. (16)
(May/ June 2014)
6. a) Sketch the basic circuit using op-amp to perform the mathematical operation of differentiation and
explain. What are the limitations of an ordinary op-amp differentiator? Draw and explain the circuit of
a practical differentiator that will eliminate these limitations. (8) (May/June 2012)
b) Draw and explain the circuit of a voltage to current converter if the load is (i) floating (4)
(ii) Grounded (4) (May/June 2012)
7. a) Explain the working of an op-amp based Schmitt trigger circuit? (8) (May/June 2012), (Nov/Dec
2011)
b) Design an op-amp based second order active low pass filter with cut off frequency 2KHz. (8)
(May/June 2012)
8. a) Explain log amplifier. Using log amplifiers construct a multiplier circuit. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
b) What is an active integrator? Explain the working of an active integrator. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
9. a) With a neat circuit diagram explain the working of op-amp based sine wave oscillator. (8)
(Nov/Dec 2009)
b) Design an instrumentation amplifier whose gain can be varied continuously over the range
1A1000. Assume all other relevant details.(8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
10. Draw the circuit diagram of op-amp differentiator, integrator and derive an expression for the output
in terms of the input. (16)
11. a) Design an op-amp based second order active low pass filter with cut off frequency 2KHz. (8)
(Nov/Dec 2011)
12. With the help of circuits and necessary equations, explain how log and antilog computations are
performed using IC 741. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
13. Explain in detail about voltage series feedback amplifier. (16)
14. Derive the gain of inverting and non-inverting. (16)
15. Explain and derive the condition for DC-characteristics of an operational amplifier. (16)
16. Explain in detail of a basic differential amplifier. (16)
17.
UNIT-III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL
PART-A
1. What is the function of a phase detector in a PLL? (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. Define modulation index. (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. Define lock range and capture range. (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. List the applications of PLL. (Nov/Dec 2008)
5. State the operation of a basis PLL. (May/ June 2014)
6. What is the need for frequency synthesizer? (May/ June 2014)
7. What are the advantages of variable transconductance technique (May/June 2012)
8. VCO is also called as V-F converter. Why? (May/June 2012)
9. What is zero-crossing detector? (May/June 2009)
10. Draw the basic functional diagram of a PLL circuit. (May/June 2012)
11. What is a VCO? (April/May 2010)
12. Draw the relation between the capture ranges and lock range in a PLL. (April/May 2010)
13. What is the need for an instrumentation amplifier?
14. List the features of instrumentation amplifier:
15. Briefly write on frequency synthesizers.
16. Explain how a frequency doubler can be realized using analog multiplier.
17. What are the applications of comparator?
18. What are the requirements for producing sustained feedback circuits?
19. Mention the applications of analog multipliers.
20. List out the applications of PLL.
21. List out the blocks of PLL.
22. What are the different types of filters?
23. List the broad classification of ADCs.

24. List out the direct type ADCs.

25. What is a sample and hold circuit? Where it is used?
PART-B
1. Describe the working principle of a analog multiplier using emitter coupled transistor pair. (16)
(Nov/Dec 2014)
2. a) With neat diagram describe the AM detection using PLL. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
b) With neat diagram describe the FM detection using PLL. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. a) Explain PLL used as an AM Detection. (8) (Nov/Dec 2008)
b) Explain how frequency multiplication is done using PLL. (8) (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. a) With a neat sketch, explain the working of variable transconductance multiplier. (10) (Nov/Dec
2008), (April/May 2010)
b) Write short notes on frequency synthesizer. (6) (Nov/Dec 2008), (Nov/Dec 2009)
5. Explain the working of analog multiplier using emitter coupled transistor pair. Discuss the application
of analog multiplier IC. (16) (May/ June 2014)
6. Explain the application of PLL as AM detection FM detection and FSK demodulation. (16) (May/
June 2014)
7. a) List and define the various performance parameters of a multiplier IC. (6) (May/June 2012)
b) How the multiplier is used as voltage divider? (5) (May/June 2012)
c) How the multiplier is used as frequency doubler? (5) (May/June 2012)
8. Explain with neat block diagrams, how PLL is used as (i) AM Detector (5) (ii) FM Detector (5) (iii)
Frequency synthesizer (6) (May/June 2012)
9. Explain Gilbert multiplier cell. Under what condition the Gilbert multiplier cell work as a modulator.
(16) (Nov/Dec 2009)
10. a) Explain the working of voltage controlled oscillator.(8) (Nov/Dec 2009), (April/May 2010)
11. Explain the working of an instrumentation amplifier with a circuit. Give its characteristics and
applications (16)
12. Explain the working of any one of sinusoidal oscillators. (16)
13. Explain the working of Schmitt trigger. (16)
14. Explain the R-2R ladder type DAC. (16)
15. Explain how a comparator can be used as a zero crossing detector.(16)
16. Draw the circuit of a first order and second order butter worth active low pass filter and derive its
transfer functions. (16)
UNIT-IV SPECIAL ICS
PART-A
1. Give the applications of sample and hold circuit. (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. Define resolution of a DAC. (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. What is an analog switch. (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. Define resolution of DAC. (Nov/Dec 2008)
5. What is the sample/hold circuit. (May/ June 2014)
6. Give any two advantages of SA type ADC. (May/ June 2014)
7. Define settling time of D/A converter. (May/June 2012)
8. What is the main drawback of dual slope ADC. (May/June 2012)
9. What is the advantage and disadvantages of flash type ADC?
10. The basic step of a 9 bit DAC is 10.3 mV. If 000000000 represents 0Volts, what is the output for an
input of 101101111?
11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of R-2R ladder DAC.
12. Define start of conversion and end of conversion
13. What is the difference between direct ADC and integrating type ADC.
14. Define start of conversion and end of conversion
15. List the basic blocks of IC 555 timer?
16. Define duty cycle?

17. Define VCO.

18. What do you mean by PLL?
19. Define lock range and capture range.
20. Define pull-in time.
21. List the features of 555 Timer?
22. List the applications of 565 PLL.
23. What are the two types of analog multiplier Ics?
24. What is ICAD 533?
25. List the features of ICAD533.
PART-B
1. a) Describe the working of a weighted resistor type DAC. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
b) Describe the working of a R-2R type DAC. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. With neat sketch explain the working of a flash type ADC. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. a) Explain the working of Dual scope ADC. (8) (Nov/Dec 2008)
b) With a neat circuit explain the operation of a binary weighted resistor D/A converter. (8) (Nov/Dec
2008)
4. a) Write note on Analog switches.(6)
b) Explain Delta modulation. What are its advantages and disadvantages. (10) (Nov/Dec 2008)
5. Explain weighted resistor type and R-2R ladder type DAC. (16) (May/ June 2014)
6. Explain Flash type, single slope type and dual slope type ADC. (16) (May/ June 2014)
7. a) Explain the following types of electronic switches used in D/A converter with suitable diagrams: (i)
Totem pole MOSFET switch(4)
(ii) CMOS inverter as a switch(4) (May/June 2012)
b) Explain the working of R-2R ladder DAC by taking example of a 3-bit DAC circuit. Sketch the
corresponding equivalence circuits and hence obtain the equation for output. (8) (May/June 2012)
8. a) With neat circuit diagram and waveform of output, explain the working of dual slope A/D
converter. (10) (May/June 2012)
b) Give a table of comparison of Flash, Dual slope and successive-approximation ADCs in terms of
parameters like speed, accuracy, resolution, input-hold-time. (6) (May/June 2012)
9. a) What is an analog switch? Explain its role in high speed sampling and hold circuits. (8) (Nov/Dec
2009)
b) Write short notes on voltage to time converters. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
10. a) Explain the working of single slope ADC. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
b) Explain the working of inverted R-2R ladder type D/A converter. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009), (April/May
2010), (Nov/Dec 2010)
11. a) Explain the working of success approximation ADC. (8) (April/May 2010)
b) What is sample and hold circuit? Briefly explain its construction and application. (8) (April/May
2010)
12. Explain the functional block diagram of 555timer. (16)
13. Explain working of PLL using appropriate block diagram and explain any one application of the
same. (16)
14. Draw the block diagram of an Astable multivibrator using 555timer and derive an expression for its
frequency of oscillation. (16)
15. write short notes on i) capture range (6) ii) Lock in range (6) iii) Pull in time (6)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

UNIT-V APPLICATION OF ICS

PART-A
Define line and load regulation of a regulator. (Nov/Dec 2014)
What are the different protection circuits inside the monolithic IC regulator. (Nov/Dec 2014)
Name two applications of an isolation amplifier. (Nov/Dec 2008)
What are the advantages of a switched capacitor filter. (Nov/Dec 2008)
List the types of multivibrators. (May/ June 2014)
What is an opto-coupler. (May/ June 2014)

7. What are the limitations of three terminal regulator? (May/June 2012)

8. What is a switched capacitor filter? (May/June 2012)
9. Define dropout voltage of a fixed voltage regulator?
10. List out the parameters related to the fixed voltage regulators?
11. What are the advantages of adjustable voltage regulators over the fixed voltage regulators?
12. What do you mean by linear voltage regulators?
13. Define switched voltage regulators?
14. Define normally ON load and normally OFF load?
15. Define sink current and source current?
16. List out the applications of 555 timer?
17. What are the features of isolation amplifier?
18. What is meant by current limiting?
19. Give the drawbacks of linear regulators:
20. What is the advantage of switching regulators?
21. What is LM380?
22. What are the features of MA78s40?
23. What is an isolation amplifier?
24. Mention the advantages of opto-couplers.
25. What is meant by current limiting?
26. Give the drawbacks of linear regulators:
27. What is the advantage of switching regulators?
PART-B
1. Describe the working of a Astable multivibrator using op-amp. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
2. Explain the operation of a switching regulator with neat diagram. (16) (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. What are the various blocks that form a Basic Voltage Regulator. Explain the series and shunt voltage
regulator. List advantages of IC voltage regulators. (16) (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. a) Discuss the operation of IC 555 as a monostable multivibrator. Draw the waveform and explain. (8)
(Nov/Dec 2008)
b) Draw the functional block diagram of switching regulator and explain. (8) (Nov/Dec 2008)
5. With neat diagram explain IC 723 general purpose regulator. (16) (May/ June 2014)
6. Explain in detail voltage to frequency and frequency to voltage converters. (16) (May/ June 2014)
7. Sketch the functional block diagram of the following and explain their working principle:
(i)
IC 555 Timer (8) (May/June 2012)
(ii)
General purpose voltage regulator IC 723 (8) (May/June 2012)
8. a) With neat diagram, explain the working principle of isolation amplifier. (8) (May/June 2012)
b) With neat diagram, explain the principle of operation of opto-couplers. (8) (May/June 2012)
9. a) Explain the function of video amplifier IC. (8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
b) With a neat functional block diagram explain switched capacitor filter IC.(8) (Nov/Dec 2009)
10. Explain the working of 555 Timer in astable mode. Using the same IC design a circuit to toggle an led
with one second delay between on and off time repeatedly (16) (Nov/Dec 2009)
11. a) How is voltage regulators classified? Explain a series voltage regulator. (8) (April/May 2010)
b) What is an opto-coupler? Briefly explain its characteristics. (8) (April/May 2010)
12. Describe the working of IC723 voltage regulator and explain the importance of current limiting
techniques. (16) (Nov/Dec 2010)
13. a) How can a current drive capability be increased while using three terminal voltage regulators? (8)
14. Explain i) Oscillation amplifier. ii) Voltage regulator (16)
15. Draw and explain the functional block diagram of a 723 regulator. (16)
16. Draw the block diagram of the function generator in IC 8038 (or) any other equivalent and explain its
operation. (16)
17. Write an explanatory note on opto-couplers. (16)
18. Explain in detail about the 380 power amplifier. (16)