SUDHARSAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBJ. CODDE AND NAME: CE 2306 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

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ELEMENTS
FACULTY NAME: S.ARUNKUMAR

CLASS & SEC: III yr CIVIL

Academic year: 2013-14

Semester: V

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UNIT 1
Part A

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1. What are the assumptions made in the working stress method? (NOV-DEC 2012)
a) At any cross-section, plane sections before bending remain plain after bending.
b) All tensile stresses are taken up by reinforcement and none by concrete, except
as otherwise specifically permitted.

c) The stress-strain relationship of steel and concrete, under working loads, is a

straight line.

.a

d) The modular ratio m has the value -280/3bc.

2. Difference between Elastic method and limit state method. (NOV-DEC 2010)
Advantages of limit state method over the other methods

a. In the limit state method of analysis, the principles of both elastic as well as
plastic theories used and hence suitable for concrete structures.

b. The structure designed by limit state method is safe and serviceable under
design loads and at the same time it is ensured that the structure does not collapse
even under the worst possible loading conditions.
c. The process of stress redistribution, moment redistribution etc., are considered
in the analysis and more realistic factor of safety values are used in the design.
Hence the design by limit state method is found to be more economical.

d. The overall sizes of flexural members (depth requirements) arrived by limit

state method are less and hence they provide better appearance to the structure
e. Because of the modified assumptions regarding the maximum compressive
strains in concrete and steel, the design of compressive reinforcement for double

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reinforced beams and eccentrically loaded columns by limit state method gives
realistic valued which is not so in other methods.

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3. Draw stress-strain curve for concrete in working stress design and mention the
salient points. (NOV-DEC 2010)

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4. Define characteristic strength in limit state method. (NOV-DEC 2009) (APRIL

MAY 2012)

The term characteristic strength means that value of the strength of the
material below which not more than 5 percent of the test results are expected to
fall.

.a

5. What is meant by balanced section? (NOV-DEC 2009) (NOV-DEC 2012)

When the maximum stress in steel and concrete simultaneously reach their
allowable values, the section is said to be balanced section.in this section the

actual neutral axis depth is equal to the critical neutral axis.

6. Define : Limit state". (APRIL MAY 2012)

The acceptable limit for the safety and serviceability requirements before

failure occurs is called a limit state. The aim of design is td achieve acceptable
probabilities that the structure will not become unfit for the use for which it is
intended, that is, that it will not reach a limit state.

7. What are the expressions recommended by the IS 456-2000 for Modulus of

Elasticity and Flexural Strength? (MAY JUNE 2009)

0.7.fck /mm2

lexural strength f

Where fck is the characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete in N/mm2.

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Where, E, is the short term static modulus of elasticity in N/mm2

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8. Write the formula for the neutral axis depth factor 'K in working stress design.
(MAY JUNE 2009)
eutral axis depth factor K
Where bc

bc.m/(bc.m + st)

permissible stress in concrete. bc

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M = modular ratio.

Part B

permissible stress in steel.

1. Explain the limit state philosophy as detailed in the current IS code. (NOV-DEC
2012)

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The Answer is in Page No.67 of IS 456:2000.

In the method of design based on limit state concept, the structure shall be

designed to withstand safely all loads liable to act on it throughout its life; it shall

also satisfy the serviceability requirements, such as limitations on deflection and

cracking. The acceptable limit for the safety and serviceability requirements

before failure occurs is called a limit state. The aim of design is td achieve
acceptable probabilities that the structure will not become unfit for the use for
which it is intended, that is, that it will not reach a limit state. 351.1 All relevant
limit states shall be considered in design to ensure an adequate degree of safety
and serviceability. In general, the structure shall be designed on the basis of the
most critical limit state and shall be checked for other limit states.

35.1.2 For ensuring the above objective, the design should be based on
characteristic values for material strengths and applied loads, which take into
account the variations in the material strengths and in the loads to be supported.
The characteristic values should be based on statistical data if available; where

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such data are not available they should be based on experience. The design

values are derived from the characteristic values through the use of partial safety

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factors, one for material strengths and the other for loads. In the absence of special
considerations these factors should have the values given in 36 according to the
material, the type of loading and the limit state being considered.

2. Design a R.C beam to carry a load of 6 kN/m inclusive of its own weight on an

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effect span of 6m keep the breath to be 2/3 rd of the effective depth .the permissible
stressed in the concrete and steel are not to exceed 5N/mm2 and 140 N/mm2.take
m=18. (NOV-DEC 2012)
Step 1: Design constants.

Modular ratio, m =18.

A Coefficient n bc.m/(bc.m + st)

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0.39

Lever arm Coefficient, j=1-(n/3) = 0.87

Moment of resistance Coefficient Q

Step 2: Moment on the beam.

M = (w.l2)/8 = (6x62)/8 = 27kNm

M = Qbd2

d2 = M/Qb = (27x106)/ (0.84x2/3xd)

d = 245mm.
Step 3: Balanced Moment.

bc/2. n. j

0.84

Mbal = Qbd2 = 0.84x245x3652 = 27.41kNm. > M. it can be designed as singly

reinforced section.
Step 4: Area of steel.
Ast = Mbal / (st.j.d)

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616.72mm2
/4 (202) = 314.15mm2

Use 20mm dia bars ast

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No. of bars = Ast/ast = 616.72/314.15 = 1.96 say 2nos.

Provide 2#20mm dia bars at the tension side.

3. Design a doubly reinforced beam of section 240X500mm to carry a bending

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moment of 80kNm.Assume clear cover at top a bottom as 30mm and take

m=18.adopt working stress method. (NOV-DEC 2010)

Assume the permissible stressed in the concrete and steel are not to exceed
5N/mm2 and 140 N/mm2.
Step 1: Design constants.

Modular ratio, m =18.

A Coefficient n bc.m/(bc.m + st)

.a

0.39

Lever arm Coefficient, j=1-(n/3) = 0.87

Moment of resistance Coefficient Q

Step 2: Moment on the beam.

M = 80kNm

M = Qbd2

D = 500mm, b = 240mm
d = 500-30mm = 470mm
.Step 3: Balanced Moment.

bc/2. n. j

0.84

Mbal = Qbd2 = 0.84x240x4702 = 44.53kNm. < M. it can be designed as doubly

reinforced section.
Step 4: Area of Tension steel.

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Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

Ast1 = Mbal / (st.j.d)

(44.53x106)/(140x0.87x470) = 777.87mm2
2

Use 20mm dia bars ast

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/4 (20 ) = 314.15mm

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 777.87/314.15 = 2.47 say 3nos.

Ast2 = (M-Mbal) / (st.(d-d1)) = (80x106-44.53x106)/(140x(470-30)) = 575.8mm2

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Use 20mm dia bars ast

/4 (202) = 314.15mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 575.8/314.15 = 1.8 say 2nos.

Step 5: Area of Compression steel:

Asc = (M-Mbal) / (sc.(d-d1)) = (80x106-44.53x106)/(51.8x(470-30))=1580.65 mm2

Use 20mm dia bars ast

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/4 (202) = 314.15mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 1580.65/314.15 = 5.5 say 6nos.

Provide 6#20mm dia bars as compression reinforcement.

4. Design a beam subjected to a bending moment of 40kNm by working stress

design. Adopt width of beam equal to half the effective depth. (NOV-DEC 2010)

Assume the permissible stressed in the concrete and steel are not to exceed

5N/mm2 and 140 N/mm2.take m=18.

Step 1: Design constants.
Modular ratio, m =18.

A Coefficient n bc.m/(bc.m + st)

0.39

Lever arm Coefficient, j=1-(n/3) = 0.87

Moment of resistance Coefficient Q

bc/2. n. j

0.84

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Step 2: Moment on the beam.

M = 40kNm

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M = Qbd2
d2 = M/Qb = (40x106)/ (0.84x1/2xd)
d = 456.2 say 460 mm.

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b = d = 0.5x460 = 230mm
Step 3: Balanced Moment.

Mbal = Qbd2 = 0.84x230x4602 = 40.88kNm. > M. it can be designed as singly

reinforced section.
Step 4: Area of steel.

.a

Ast = Mbal / (st.j.d)

(40.88x106)/(140x0.87x460) = 729.64mm2

Use 20mm dia bars ast

/4 (202) = 314.15mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 729.64/314.15 = 2.96 say 3nos.

Provide 3#20mm dia bars at the tension side.

5. Determine the moment of resistance of a singly reinforced beam 160X300mm

effective section, if the stress in steel and concrete are not to exceed 140N/mm2
and 5N/mm2.effectve span of the beam is 5m and the beam carries 4 nos of 16mm
dia bars. Take m=18.find also the minimum load the bam can carry. Use WSD
method. (NOV-DEC 2009)

Step 1: Actual NA.

b xa2/2 = m.Ast.(d- xa)
160. xa2/2 = 18 X 804.24(300 xa)
Xa = 159.42mm

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Step 2: Critical NA.

xc

bc.d/(st/.m + cbc)

117.39mm < Xa

159.42mm

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it is Over reinforced Section.

Step 3: Moment of Resistance
M

(b. xa/2 .cbc )(d- xa/3) = (160x159.42/2x5)(300-159.42/3) = 15.74kNm

Step 4: Safe load.

M = (w.l2)/8

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W = (8 x 15.74)/52 = 5.03 kN/m

6. Design an interior panel of RC slab 3mX6m size, supported by wall of 300mm

thick. Live load on the slab is 2.5kN/m2.the slab carries 100mm thick lime
concrete (density 19kN/m3).Use M15 concrete and Fe 415 steel. (NOV-DEC
2009)

.a

Step 1: Type of Slab.

ly/lx = 6/3 = 2 = 2.it has to be designed as two way slab.

Step 2:Effective depth calculation.

For Economic consideration adopt shorter span to design the slab.

d = span/(basic value x modification factor) = 3000/(20x0.95) = 270mm

D = 270 + 20 + 10/2 = 295mm
Step 3: Effective Span.
For shorter span:
Le = clear span + effective depth = 3000 + 270 = 3.27m (or)
Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 3000 + 2(230/2) =3.23m

Adopt effective span = 3.23m least value.

For longer span:
Le = clear span + effective depth = 6000 + 270 = 6.27m (or)
Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 6000 + 2(230/2) = 6.23m

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Adopt effective span = 6.23m least value.

Step 4: load calculation

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Live load = 2.5kN/m2

Dead load = 1x1x0.27x25 = 6.75kN/m2
Dead load = 1x1x0.1x19 = 1.9kN/m2
Floor Finish = 1kN/m2
Total load = 12.15kN/m2

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Factored load = 12.15 x 1.5 = 18.225kN/m2

Step 5: Moment calculation.
Mx

x . w . lx

0.103x18.225x3.23 = 9.49kNm

My

y . w . lx

0.048 x18.225x3.23 = 4.425kNm

Step 6: Check for effective depth.

M = Qbd2

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d2 = M/Qb = 9.49/2.76x1 = 149.39mm say 150mm.

For design consideration adopt d = 150mm.
Step 7: Area of Steel.

For longer span:

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

4.425x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

Ast = 180mm2

Use 10mm dia bars

Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 261mm say 260mmc/c
Provide 10mm dia @260mm c/c.
For shorter span:
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

9.49x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

Ast = 200mm2
Use 10mm dia bars
Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 281mm say 300mmc/c

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Provide 10mm dia @300mm c/c.

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7. Differentiate between working stress method and limit state method. (APRIL
MAY 2012)

In the limit state method of analysis, the principles of both elastic as well as
plastic theories used and hence suitable for concrete structures.

The structure designed by limit state method is safe and serviceable under

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design loads and at the same time it is ensured that the structure does not
collapse even under the worst possible loading conditions.

The process of stress redistribution, moment redistribution etc., are considered

in the analysis and more realistic factor of safety values are used in the design.
Hence the design by limit state method is found to be more economical.
The overall sizes of flexural members (depth requirements) arrived by limit

.a

state method are less and hence they provide better appearance to the structure
Because of the modified assumptions regarding the maximum compressive

strains in concrete and steel, the design of compressive reinforcement for double
reinforced beams and eccentrically loaded columns by limit state method gives

realistic valued which is not so in other methods.

8. Explain the following terms :

a. characteristic strength and characteristic loads.
The Answer is in Page No.67 of IS 456:2000.
b. partial safety factors.
The Answer is in Page No.68 of IS 456:2000.
c. Balanced section and under reinforced section. (APRIL MAY 2012)

When the maximum stress in steel and concrete simultaneously reach their
allowable values, the section is said to be balanced section.in this section the
actual neutral axis depth is equal to the critical neutral axis.

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When the percentage of steel in the section is less than that required for a
balanced section. In this section the actual neutral axis depth is equal to the critical
neutral axis.

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9. Derive the expressions for the depth of Neutral axis and Moment of resistance of a

Rectangular Singly reinforced balanced beam section under flexure and obtain the
design constants K, j and Q for M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use
working stress method. (MAY JUNE 2009)

10. A reinforced concrete rectangular section 300 mm wide and 600 mm overall depth

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is reinforced with 4 bars of 25 mm diameter at an effective cover of 50 mm on the

tension side. The beam is designed with M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade
steel. Determine the allowable bending moment and the stresses developed in steel
and concrete under this moment. Use working stress method. (MAY JUNE 2009)

Step 1: Actual NA.

.a

b xa2/2 = m.Ast.(d- xa)

300. xa2/2 = 18 X 1963.50(550 xa)

Xa = 117.81mm

Step 2: Critical NA.

xc

bc.d/(st/.m + cbc) = 194.66mm > Xa = 117.81mm

it is Under reinforced Section.

Step 3: Moment of Resistance
For steel:

M = (Ast.st )(d- xa/3) = (1963.5x230)(550-117.81/3) = 230.64kNm

For concrete:
M

(b. xa/2 .cbc )(d- xa/3) = (300x117.81/2x7)(550-117.81/3) = 63.17kNm

SUDHARSAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBJ. CODDE AND NAME: CE 2306 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

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ELEMENTS
FACULTY NAME: S.ARUNKUMAR

CLASS & SEC: III yr CIVIL

Academic year: 2013-14

Semester: V

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UNIT 2
Part A

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1. Explain the check for deflection control in the design of slabs? (NOV-DEC 2012)
The deflection of a structure or part thereof shall not adversely affect the
appearance or efficiency of the structure or finishes or partitions. The deflection
shall generally be limited to the following:

a) The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of temperature, creep
and shrinkage and measured from the as-cast level of the , supports of floors,

.a

roofs and all other horizontal members, should not normally exceed span/250.
b) The deflection including the effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage

occurring after erection of partitions and the application of finishes should not
normally exceed span/350 or 20 mm whichever is less.

2. When do you do for doubly reinforced beams? (NOV-DEC 2012) (NOV-DEC

2010) (APRIL MAY 2012)

The section reinforced in both tension and compression zone is known as

doubly reinforced section. The doubly reinforced beams are adopt when the
balanced moment is smaller than the Actual moment.

3. What type of slabs are usually used in practice, under reinforced or over
reinforced? (NOV-DEC 2009)
The depth of slab chosen from deflection requirements will be usually
greater than the depth required for balanced design. Hence the area of steel

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required will be less than the balanced amount. So, the slab is designed as under
reinforced section.

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4. Why is necessary to provide transverse reinforcement in one way slab? (APRIL

MAY 2012)

Since the one way slab bends in one direction and also in shorter direction,
so it is necessary to provide transvers reinforcement in one way slabs. These slabs
adopted when availability of two supports in one direction.

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5. Distinguish between under reinforced and over reinforced sections. (MAY JUNE
2009)

A beam reaches its permissible stress in steel under the working moment
before concrete reaches its stress is called as Under reinforced section.
A beam reaches its permissible stress in concrete under the working

.a

moment before steel reaches its stress is called as Over reinforced section.

6. Sketch the edge and middle strips of a two way slab. (MAY JUNE 2009)

Part B
1. Design a one way slab with a clear span of 5m, simply supported on 230mm thick
masonry walls and subjected to a live load of 4kN/m2 and a surface finish of

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1kN/mm2.Assume Fe 415 steel. Assume that the slab is subjected to moderate

exposure conditions. (NOV-DEC 2012)
Step 1: Type of Slab.

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ly/lx = 5/1 = 5>2.it has to be designed as one way slab.

Step 2:Effective depth calculation.

d = span/(basic value x modification factor) = 5000/(20x0.95) = 270mm

D = 270 + 20 + 10/2 = 295mm
Step 3: Effective Span.

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Le = clear span + effective depth = 5000 + 270 = 5.27m (or)

Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 5000 + 2(230/2) = 5.23m
Adopt effective span = 5.23m least value.
Step 4: load calculation
Live load = 4kN/m2

Dead load = 1x1x0.27x25 = 6.75kN/m2

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Floor Finish = 1kN/m2

Total load = 11.75kN/m2

Factored load = 11.75 x 1.5 = 17.625kN/m2

Step 5: Moment calculation.

M = wl2/8 = (17.625x5.232)/8 = 60.26kNm

Step 6: Check for effective depth.

M = Qbd2
2

d = M/Qb = 60.26/2.76x1 = 149.39mm say 150mm.

For design consideration adopt d = 150mm.
Step 7: Area of Steel.
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

60.26x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

Ast = 300mm2
Use 10mm dia bars
Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 261mm say 260mmc/c

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Provide 10mm dia @260mm c/c.

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2. Design a simply supported RC beam having an effective span of 5m.the beam has

to carry a load of 25 kN/m. sketch the reinforcement details. (NOV-DEC 2010)

(NOV-DEC 2012)
Step 1: Effective length.
Effective span,le = 5m

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Step 2: Size of the beam.

Effective depth = le/10 = 5000/10 = 500mm

Assume, b = 2/3d = 2/3x500 = 333.2mm say 340mm

Step 3: Load Calculation
Live load = 25kN/m

Dead load = 1x.340x.500x25 = 4.25kN/m

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Total load = 29.25kN/m

Factored load = 29.25x1.5 = 43.85kN/m

Step 4: Moment Calculation.

M = wl2/8 = (43.85x52)/8 = 137.08kNm

Step 5: Check for effective depth.

M = Qbd2

d2 = M/Qb = 137.08/2.76x.340 = 382.2mm say 380mm.

d = 380mm > 500mm
Hence it is safe.
Step 5: Check for effective depth.
Mbal = Qbd2 = 2.97x340x5002 = 252.06kNm > M
Hence it can be designed as singly reinforced beam section.

Step 7: Area of Steel

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))
137.08x106 = 087x415xAstx500(1-(415 Ast)/(20x340x500))
Ast = 846.15mm2

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Use 20mm dia bars

No of bars = Ast/ast = 846.15/314.15 = 2.45 say 3nos

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Provide 3#20mm dia as tension reinforcement.

3. Design a RC beam 350X700mm effective section, subjected to a bending moment

of 300kNm.Adopt M20concrete and Fe415 steel. (NOV-DEC 2009)
Step 1: Size of the beam.

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b = 350mm & D = 700mm

d = 700-25-20/2 =665mm

Step 2: Moment Calculation.

M = 300kNm

Step 3: Check for effective depth.

Mbal = Qbd2 = 2.97x350x6652 = 459kNm > M

.a

Hence it can be designed as singly reinforced beam section.

Step 7: Area of Steel

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

459x106 = 087x415xAstx665(1-(415 Ast)/(20x350x665))

Ast = 369.38 mm2

Use 20mm dia bars

No of bars = Ast/ast = 369.39/314.15 = 1.45 say 2nos

Provide 2#20mm dia as tension reinforcement.

4. Design a one way slab for a clear span 4m simply supported on 230mm thick wall.
Subjected to a live load of 4kN/m2 and floor finish of 1kN/m2.use M20 concrete
and F415 steel. (NOV-DEC 2009)

Step 1: Type of Slab.

ly/lx = 4/1 = 4>2.it has to be designed as one way slab.
Step 2:Effective depth calculation.
d = span/(basic value x modification factor) = 4000/(20x0.95) = 270mm

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D = 270 + 20 + 10/2 = 295mm

Step 3: Effective Span.

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Le = clear span + effective depth = 4000 + 270 = 4.27m (or)

Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 4000 + 2(230/2) = 4.23m
Adopt effective span = 4.23m least value.
Step 4: load calculation
Live load = 4kN/m2

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Dead load = 1x1x0.27x25 = 6.75kN/m2

Floor Finish = 1kN/m2
Total load = 11.75kN/m2

Factored load = 11.75 x 1.5 = 17.625kN/m

Step 5: Moment calculation.

M = wl2/8 = (17.625x4.232)/8 = 60.26kNm

.a

Step 6: Check for effective depth.

M = Qbd2

d2 = M/Qb = 60.26/2.76x1 = 149.39mm say 150mm.

For design consideration adopt d = 150mm.

Step 7: Area of Steel.

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

60.26x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

Ast = 300mm2
Use 10mm dia bars
Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 261mm say 260mmc/c
Provide 10mm dia @260mm c/c.

5. Deign a rectangular beam of cross section 230 x 600 mm and of effective span
6m.imposed load on the beam is 40 kN/m. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
(APRIL MAY 2012)
Step 1: Size of the beam.

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b = 230mm & D = 600mm

d = 600-25-20/2 =565mm

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Step 4: load calculation

Live load = 40kN/m2
Dead load = 1x.23x.565x25 = 3.245kN/m2
Total load = 43.24kN/m2
Factored load = 43.24 x 1.5 = 64.86kN/m2

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Step 2: Moment Calculation.

M = wl2/8 = (64.86x62)/8 = 291.9kNm

Step 3: Check for effective depth.
2

Mbal = Qbd = 2.97x230x565 = 218kNm < M

Hence it can be designed as Doubly reinforced beam section.

Step 7: Area of Steel

.a

Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

218x106 = 087x415xAstx565 (1-(415 Ast)/ (20x230x565))

Ast = 1365mm2

Use 20mm dia bars, ast = /4 (202) = 314.15mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 1365/314.15 = 4.47 say 5nos.

Ast2 = (M-Mbal)/(0.87fy(d-d1)) = (291x106-218x106)/(361x(565-20)) =371.03mm2
Use 20mm dia bars, ast = /4 (202) = 314.15mm2
No. of bars = Ast/ast = 371.03/314.15 = 1.8 say 2nos.

Step 5: Area of Compression steel:

Asc = (M-Mbal) / (fsc.(d-d1)) = (291x106-218x106) / (351.8x(470-30))= 1580.65
mm2

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Use 20mm dia bars, ast = /4 (202) = 314.15mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 1580.65/314.15 = 5.5 say 6nos.

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Provide 6#20mm dia bars as compression reinforcement.

6. A hall has clear dimensions 3 m x 9m with wall thickness 230 mm the live load on
2

the slab is 3kN/m and a finishing load of 1kN/m may be assumed. Using M20
concrete and Fe415 steel, design the slab. (APRIL MAY 2012)

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Step 1: Type of Slab.

ly/lx = 9/3 = 3>2.it has to be designed as one way slab.

Step 2:Effective depth calculation.

d = span/(basic value x modification factor) = 3000/(20x0.95) = 270mm

D = 270 + 20 + 10/2 = 295mm
Step 3: Effective Span.

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Le = clear span + effective depth = 3000 + 270 = 3.27m (or)

Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 3000 + 2(230/2) = 3.23m

Adopt effective span = 3.23m least value.

Step 4: load calculation

Live load = 4kN/m2

Dead load = 1x1x0.27x25 = 6.75kN/m2

Floor Finish = 1kN/m2

Total load = 11.75kN/m2
Factored load = 11.75 x 1.5 = 17.625kN/m2
Step 5: Moment calculation.
M = wl2/8 = (17.625x3.232)/8 = 60.26kNm
Step 6: Check for effective depth.

M = Qbd2
d2 = M/Qb = 60.26/2.76x1 = 149.39mm say 150mm.
For design consideration adopt d = 150mm.
Step 7: Area of Steel.

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Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

60.26x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

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Ast = 300mm2
Use 10mm dia bars

Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 261mm say 260mmc/c

Provide 10mm dia @260mm c/c.

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7. Design a two way slab panel for the following data.

Size = 7mx5m

Width of Supports = 230 mm

Edge condition = interior
Live load = 4kN/m2
Floor finish = 1kN/m2

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Consider M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. (MAY JUNE 2009)
Step 1: Type of Slab.

ly/lx = 7/5 = 1.4>2.it has to be designed as two way slab.

Step 2:Effective depth calculation.

For Economic consideration adopt shorter span to design the slab.

d = span/(basic value x modification factor) = 5000/(20x0.95) = 270mm

D = 270 + 20 + 10/2 = 295mm
Step 3: Effective Span.
For shorter span:
Le = clear span + effective depth = 5000 + 270 = 5.27m (or)
Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 5000 + 2(230/2) = 5.23m

Adopt effective span = 5.23m least value.

For longer span:
Le = clear span + effective depth = 7000 + 270 = 7.27m (or)
Le =c/c distance b/w supports = 7000 + 2(230/2) = 7.23m

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Adopt effective span = 7.23m least value.

Step 4: load calculation

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Live load = 4kN/m2

Dead load = 1x1x0.27x25 = 6.75kN/m2
Floor Finish = 1kN/m2
Total load = 11.75kN/m2
Factored load = 11.75 x 1.5 = 17.625kN/m2

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Step 5: Moment calculation.

Mx = x . w . lx = 0.103x17.625x5.23 = 9.49kNm

My = y . w . lx = 0.048 x17.625x5.23 = 4.425kNm

Step 6: Check for effective depth.
M = Qbd2

d2 = M/Qb = 9.49/2.76x1 = 149.39mm say 150mm.

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For design consideration adopt d = 150mm.

Step 7: Area of Steel.
For longer span:

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))

4.425x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

Ast = 180mm2

Use 10mm dia bars

Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 261mm say 260mmc/c
Provide 10mm dia @260mm c/c.
For shorter span:
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fy ast)/(fck b d))
9.49x106 = 087x415xAstx150(1-(415 Ast)/(20x1000x150))

Ast = 200mm2
Use 10mm dia bars
Spacing ,S = ast/Astx1000 = (78.53/300)1000 = 281mm say 300mmc/c
Provide 10mm dia @300mm c/c.

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