Asoma Phoenix Ii: Determination of Conversion Coatings On Steel or Aluminum

ASOMA
Application Note
PROCESS INSTRUMENTS
ASOMA PHOENIX II
Determination of Conversion Coatings on Steel or Aluminum

Introduction
Summary
All samples were analyzed
using the ASOMA PHOENIX
II XRF Benchtop system.
This report demonstrates the
capability of the PHOENIX
II to analyze conversion
coatings on steel or
aluminium.
Conversion coatings are
used for barrier protection
against oxidation and
corrosion, as a primer for
paint-ing, or as a primer for
optimum tooling and cutting
properties.
The ASOMA PHOENIX II benchtop XRF analyzer offers a fast,

precise, simple and non-destructive analysis technique well suited
for the determination of conversion coatings thickness (as given by
coat weight) on steel or aluminium substrates. Galvanization makes
use of zinc coatings. As hexavalent chromium is being phased
out of use, coatings to replace chromate coatings include titanium,
vanadium and zirconium. Coating used as both a paint primer
and tooling preparation include phosphate compounds and silicon
compounds (silane, silicone, etc.)
The PHOENIX II employs state-of-the-art optics. Polarization
excitation offers unique benefits because it eliminates most of the
back-ground scatter emerging from the X-ray tube before it arrives
at the sample. This results in a dramatic improvement in peak-tobackground signal, especially in highly scattering materials. This
translates to vastly improved precision and lower detection limits than
traditional direct excitation XRF systems can achieve.
The PHOENIX II uses an onboard PC computer with a simple
touch screen interface. Thus, an external computer is not required.
Data handling and results storage can be obtained on a thermal
paper printout and are stored in the hard drive of the PHOENIX II.
The data is readily transferred to a USB thumb-drive or a network
Ethernet connection.
Coatings include Zn, Cr, Ti,

V, Zr, P or Si compounds.
Proper monitoring of coat
weight is important. Over
coating may cause loss of
quality and undue over expense. Under coating causes
loss of quality. ASOMA
coating measurements require
little sample preparation.
Simply cut a sample panel,
place it in the sample chamber
and analyze.
These benefits work
together to maximize quality
and reduce operational costs.
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ASOMA
Calibrations are carried out using assayed

standards. This ensures easy traceability of
results for quality purposes. This initial calibration
process is a once only procedure. Subsequently,
the curve can be re-standardized, if required, by
the touch of a button on the main analysis screen.
The PHOENIX II offers power, versatility and
performance all in a small, compact, easy-to-use
design.
Instrument Configuration
ASOMA PHOENIX II
Excitation: 48 kV 50 W Air-cooled X-ray Tube
Detection: Gas-filled Proportional Counter
Analytes Optimization: X-ray voltage, current and
X-ray filters
Atmosphere: Air
Options: HOPG crystal for polarized X-rays;
Moveable secondary target; Detector filters;
Polypropylene 4 m film
Experimental Portion
Note: No consumable gases required.
Equipment
Typical sample panel shown in analysis position
All measurements were conducted using a

PHOENIX II XRF analyzer. Performance is shown for a
measurement time of 100 seconds, except for Si on
Cr coated Steel, which uses an analysis time of 200
seconds.
Sample Preparation
Simply cut an approximately 3 x 5 inch square or
disk panel and place it coating side down over the
aperture in the sample chamber.
Measurement Parameters
All measurement parameters are easily controlled
through the touch screen on the display panel.
Operators simply choose the correct method from
the analysis screen (there may be more than
one method stored, e.g. to deal with chromate
or titanium) and then press the green ANALYZE
button.
Handy Conversion Factors
The results can be reported using a variety of

different options: results are reported on the display
screen; on a thermal paper printout; on an optional
external printer; and in the database history within
the analyzer.
Note:
1 mg/ft2 = 10.8 mg/m2

1 mg/m2 = 0.001 g/m2
t = (coat weight)/d
t = coating thickness
d = density of coating material
The following results sections show performance

for a few typical coatings. The PHOENIX II is
equipped to measure many others. Please contact
AMETEK Process Instruments if you do not see your
application listed here.
Precision for Cr on Aluminum

10 repeat analyses at 100 seconds per
measurement
Calibration for Cr on Aluminum

Element: Cr
Units: mg/ft2
Std. Error of Estimate: 1.24
Sample
Given
Measured
76.8
76.01
7.4
6.10
9.5
9.78
11.8
12.40
15.0
15.25
22.2
22.02
34.3
31.87
44.4
45.29
59.8
61.35
10
0.0
1.17
Element: Cr
Units: mg/ft2
Sample
Given
Mean
Std.
Dev.
%Rel.
76.8
78.66
0.43
0.6
22.2
22.26
0.19
0.9
15.0
15.61
0.15
1.0
Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Cr on Aluminum
The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for an element
is determined as three times the standard deviation
of ten analyses of the blank uncoated sample. The
following MDL was derived using this empirical
method and applies to this matrix and coat weight
range.
Correlation Plot
for Cr on Alum inum
Measured ( mg/ft2)
80
70
Element
Count Time
MDL
60
Cr
100 sec
0.7 mg/ft2
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20 30 40 50
60 70 80
Given ( m g/ft2)
ASOMA
Results for Cr on Aluminum
Calibration for Cr on Steel

Element: Cr
Units: mg/ft2
Sample
Given
Measured
20.a
40.5
41.2
15a
32.1
30.3
7a
21.2
21.6
4a
14.6
16.0
2a
7.2
6.6
Precision for Cr on Steel

measurement
Element: Ca
37
29
21
13
5
13
21
29
Sample
Given
Mean
Std.
Dev.
% Rel.
20a
40.5
39.4
1.0
2.6
7a
21.2
21.3
1.0
4.9
2a
7.2
7.00
1.3
18.0

following MDL was derived using this empirical method
and applies to this matrix and coat weight range.
45
Units: mg/ft2

Cr on Steel
Correlation Plot
for Cr on Steel
Measured ( mg/ft2)
ASOMA
Results for Cr on Steel
37
45
Given ( mg/ft2)
Element
Count Time
MDL
Cr
100 sec
3.1 mg/ft2
Note:
Precision for Ti on Aluminum

measurement
Results for vanadium (V) coatings with be

comparable to titanium (Ti) results.
Element: Ti
Calibration for Ti on Aluminum
Units: mg/ft2
Sample
Given
Mean
Std.
Dev.
% Rel.
1.56
1.584
0.037
2.4
0.92
0.910
0.021
2.4
0.25
0.295
0.034
10.4
Element: Ti
Units: mg/ft2
Sample
Given
Measured
1.56
1.585
0.25
0.318
0.00
-0.008
0.51
0.474
0.71
0.729
0.92
0.853

Ti on Aluminum
Correlation Plot
for Ti on Aluminum
1.6
Measured ( mg/ft2)
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Given ( mg/ft2)
Element
Count Time
MDL
Ti
100 sec
0.09 mg/ft2
ASOMA
Results for Ti on Aluminum
Precision for Zr on Aluminum

measurement
Calibration for Zr on Aluminum

Element: Zr
Units: mg/ft
RMS: 0.009
Sample
Given
Measured
4.7
4.70
0.8
0.79
1.5
1.53
10
2.6
2.58
Element: Zr
4
3
2
1
0
1
Sample
Given
Mean
Std.
Dev.
% Rel.
20a
40.5
39.4
1.0
2.6
7a
21.2
21.3
1.0
4.9
2a
7.2
7.00
1.3
18.0
The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for an element is

determined as three times the standard deviation of ten
analyses of the blank uncoated sample. The following
MDL was derived using this empirical method and
applies to this matrix and coat weight range.
Units: mg/ft2

Zr on Aluminum
Correlation Plot
for Zr on Aluminum
Measured ( mg/ft2)
ASOMA
Results for Zr on Aluminum
Given ( mg/ft2)
Element
Count Time
MDL
Zr
100 sec
0.025 mg/ft2
Calibration for P on Steel

Element: P
Precision for P on Steel

measurement
Units: mg/ft2
Sample
Given
Measured
119
119.8
106
105.0
95
95.8
63
61.4
73
70.1
56
59.9
Element: P
Units: mg/ft2
Sample
Given
Mean
Std.
Dev.
% Rel.
119
119.9
0.53
0.44
56
57.6
0.18
0.31

P on Steel
Correlation Plot
for P on Steel
Measured ( mg/ft2 )
125
100
75
50
50
75
100
125
Given ( m g/ft2 )
Element
Count Time
MDL
100 sec
1.2 mg/ft2
ASOMA
Results for P on Steel
Determination of Conversion Coatings on Steel or Aluminum
Element: Si

measurement
Units: mg/ft
R.M.S.: 0.0010
Element: Si
Sample
Given
Measured
0.26
0.255
0.19
0.191
0.16
0.160
0.15
0.149
0.13
0.131
0.11
0.108
0.08
0.081
0.17
0.169
0.23
0.237
Units: g/m2
Sample
Given
Mean
Std.
Dev.
% Rel.
0.26
0.253
0.001
0.5
0.16
0.161
0.001
0.6
0.08
0.082
0.0005
0.6

Si on Cr Coated Steel
The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for an element is
determined as three times the standard deviation of ten
analyses of the blank uncoated sample. The following
MDL was derived using this empirical method and
applies to this matrix and coat weight range.
Precision for Si on Cr Coated Steel
Correlation Plot
for Si on Cr ocated Steel
Element
Count Time
MDL
Si
200 sec
0.001 g/m2
0.30
Measured ( g/m2 )
0.25
Conclusion
0.20
0.15
As can be seen from the above data, the use

of the PHOENIX II XRF system gives excellent
performance when applied to the determination of
conversion coatings on steel or aluminium. Results
are rapid, precise and analysis is easily carried out,
even by non-laboratory personnel. Because no
consumable chemicals are used, the relative cost
of ownership is much lower than other analytical
techniques.
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Given ( g/m 2)
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Ph. +1-412-828-9040, Fax +1-403-826-0399
www.ametekpi.com
2011, by AMETEK, Inc.

All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
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One of a family of innovative process analyzer solutions from AMETEK Process Instruments.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
ASOMA
Calibration for Si on Cr Coated Steel
Application Note
Results for Si on Cr Coated Steel

Asoma Phoenix Ii: Determination of Conversion Coatings On Steel or Aluminum

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ASOMA

Determination of Conversion Coatings on Steel or Aluminum

The ASOMA PHOENIX II benchtop XRF analyzer offers a fast,

Coatings include Zn, Cr, Ti,

Calibrations are carried out using assayed

Note: No consumable gases required.

Typical sample panel shown in analysis position

All measurements were conducted using a

Handy Conversion Factors

The results can be reported using a variety of

1 mg/ft2 = 10.8 mg/m2

The following results sections show performance

Precision for Cr on Aluminum

Calibration for Cr on Aluminum

Std. Error of Estimate: 1.24

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Results for Cr on Aluminum

Calibration for Cr on Steel

Std. Error of Estimate: 1.45

Precision for Cr on Steel

The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for an element

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Results for Cr on Steel

Precision for Ti on Aluminum

Results for vanadium (V) coatings with be

Calibration for Ti on Aluminum

Std. Error of Estimate: 0.053418

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Results for Ti on Aluminum

Precision for Zr on Aluminum

Calibration for Zr on Aluminum

Std. Error of Estimate: 0.028487

The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for an element is

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Results for Zr on Aluminum

Calibration for P on Steel

Precision for P on Steel

Std. Error of Estimate: 3.04

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Results for P on Steel

Determination of Conversion Coatings on Steel or Aluminum

10 repeat analyses at 200 seconds per

Std. Error of Estimate: 0.0022716

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)

Precision for Si on Cr Coated Steel

As can be seen from the above data, the use

SALES AND MANUFACTURING:

455 Corporate Blvd., Newark DE 19702 Tel: +1-302-456-4400, Fax: +1-302-456-4444

150 Freeport Road, Pittsburgh PA 15238

2011, by AMETEK, Inc.

WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE LOCATIONS:

Calibration for Si on Cr Coated Steel

Results for Si on Cr Coated Steel

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