This document contains a summary of key physics formulas for 'O' Level Physics. It includes formulas and definitions for:
1) SI base units for measurements like mass, length, time, current, temperature, and amount of substance as well as common number prefixes.
2) Kinematics formulas like velocity, acceleration, displacement-time relationships.
3) Dynamics formulas including Newton's laws of motion, weight, density, pressure.
4) Energy, work, and power formulas.
5) Wave properties including wave velocity, frequency, wavelength.
6) Light properties like reflection, refraction using Snell's law and refractive index.
7) Electricity formulas including power, energy, resistance, circuits
This document contains a summary of key physics formulas for 'O' Level Physics. It includes formulas and definitions for:
1) SI base units for measurements like mass, length, time, current, temperature, and amount of substance as well as common number prefixes.
2) Kinematics formulas like velocity, acceleration, displacement-time relationships.
3) Dynamics formulas including Newton's laws of motion, weight, density, pressure.
4) Energy, work, and power formulas.
5) Wave properties including wave velocity, frequency, wavelength.
6) Light properties like reflection, refraction using Snell's law and refractive index.
7) Electricity formulas including power, energy, resistance, circuits
This document contains a summary of key physics formulas for 'O' Level Physics. It includes formulas and definitions for:
1) SI base units for measurements like mass, length, time, current, temperature, and amount of substance as well as common number prefixes.
2) Kinematics formulas like velocity, acceleration, displacement-time relationships.
3) Dynamics formulas including Newton's laws of motion, weight, density, pressure.
4) Energy, work, and power formulas.
5) Wave properties including wave velocity, frequency, wavelength.
6) Light properties like reflection, refraction using Snell's law and refractive index.
7) Electricity formulas including power, energy, resistance, circuits
This document contains a summary of key physics formulas for 'O' Level Physics. It includes formulas and definitions for:
1) SI base units for measurements like mass, length, time, current, temperature, and amount of substance as well as common number prefixes.
2) Kinematics formulas like velocity, acceleration, displacement-time relationships.
3) Dynamics formulas including Newton's laws of motion, weight, density, pressure.
4) Energy, work, and power formulas.
5) Wave properties including wave velocity, frequency, wavelength.
6) Light properties like reflection, refraction using Snell's law and refractive index.
7) Electricity formulas including power, energy, resistance, circuits
Measurements Base SI Units Kg m s A K mol Number Prefix n (10-9) (10-6) m (10-3) c (10-2) d (10-1) K (103) M (106)
SI Unit for mass: Kilogram
SI Unit for length: metre SI Unit for time: second SI Unit for current: Ampere SI Unit for Temperature: Kelvin SI Unit for Amount of substance: molar nano micro milli centi deci Kilo Mega
Kinematics
Dynamics
Newtons Third Law
Resolving forces Fhorizontal = Fr cos Fvertical = Fr sin
A body continues to stay in its state
of rest or uniform motion in a straight line as long as there is no net force/moment acting on the body. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. For every force object A acts on object B, object B will exert an equal and opposite force on object A giving rise to Reaction/Normal Forces Fr Fvertical
Fhorizontal
Mass, Weight, Density
w = Weight m = mass g = gravitational field strength = density m = mass V = volume
Weight w = mg Density m = V
Turning effect of Force
Moment of Force M=Fd
P = Pressure F = Force over area, A A = Area P = Pressure = density, h = height of liquid column g = gravitational field strength.
Energy, Work and Power
d = total distance travelled (area under
speed-time graph) x = total displacement Average Velocity t = total time taken v = change in velocity v = x/t Velocity (slope of displacement-time graph) Acceleration Acceleration (slope of velocity-time graph) a = v/t v = u + at u = initial velocity v = final velocity x = ut + at2 t = time v2 = u2 + 2ax a = acceleration x = displacement h = height vfree fall = 2 g = gravitational constant = 9.81 m/s2
Newtons Second Law
F= ma
Pressure Pressure F = A Pressure of liquid column P = hg
Work Done W = Fd
Average Speed s = d / t
Newtons First Law
= 0 at equilibrium
For a body in rotational
Principle of Moment Anticlockwise Moment equilibrium, = Clockwise Moment Sum of ACW Moment = sum of CW Moment
M = Moment F = force d = distance from force to pivot
Power P = W/t = Fv Kinetic Energy 1 = mv 2 2 Gravitational Potential Energy Ep = mgh Conservation of Energy E1 = E2
W = work done F= force d= distance in direction of force Work done per unit time, t Ek = Kinetic Energy m = mass v = velocity g = gravity =9.81 m/s h = height m = mass E1 = Total Energy Before E2 = Total Energy After Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed or converted into other forms.
Kinetic Model of Matter
Ideal Gas Law PV T P1V1 = P2V2
P = pressure of fixed mass of gas
V = volume occupies by fixed mass of gas T = Temperature of gas Subscript 1 = initial state Subscript 2 = final state
Thermal Properties of Matter
Specific Heat Capacity c = Specific heat capacity (Energy required to raise the temperature of E = m c T 1kg of the object by 1 C) m = mass T = change in temperature. Lfusion = latent heat of fusion (Energy Latent Heat required to change 1kg of solid to For melting, liquid at the constant temp) E = m Lfusion Lvaporization = latent heat of vaporization (Energy required to For boiling, change 1kg of liquid to gas at the E = m Lvaporization constant temp) m = mass
General Wave Properties
Wave Velocity v=f Wave frequency 1 f= T
v = velocity of a wave f = frequency = wavelength T = Period f = frequency
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O Level Physics Formula Sheet
Light
Practical Electricity
Law of Reflection i = r
Normal
Electric Power
2 P = VI = V2/R = I R
i = angle of incidence r= angle of reflection Snells Law (refraction)
Normal
n1Sin i = n2Sin r
i = angle of incidence r = angle of refraction Critical angle
Electrical Energy E = Pt = (VI)t
n1 = refractive index 1
Electromagnetism
r n2 = refractive index 2 Normal
n2 sin = n1
(special case of Snells
law where r = 90)
n1 = refractive index 1
(n of air 1) Magnification hi di = = ho do
Transformer Vp Np = Vs Ns (ideal transformer) VPIP = VsIs Right hand grip
V = voltage N = number of coils I = current Subscript p = primary coil Subscript s = secondary coil
n2 = refractive index 2 c = speed of light in vacuum. v = speed of light in medium Higher reflective index of a medium means light travel slower in the medium M = magnification h = height d = distance from lens Subscript i = image Subscript o = object
Refractive Index c = v
P = Power V = voltage R = resistance I = current E = energy output P = power t = time V = voltage I = current
Flemings Right Hand
Rule
Current of Electricity Current = rate of flow of charges Q = Charge t=time V = voltage, R = resistance I = current = resistivity L = length of wire A = cross sectional area
Current I = Q / t Ohms Law Resistance R=V/I Resistance of a wire R = L/A
Flemings Left Hand
Rule
D.C. Circuits Kirchoffs 1st Law Iin = Iout
Kirchoffs 2nd Law
V = E. M. F
Conservation of charges. Iin = Sum of current going into a junction Iout = Sum of current going out of a junction V = Sum of potential difference V across all components in a circuit E.M.F = Voltage supplied by the power supply.
Resistance in Series Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 Resistance in Parallel 1 1 1 1 = + + R total R1 R 2 R 3
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