Lecture Chap 2 One D Motion Freefall
Lecture Chap 2 One D Motion Freefall
Lecture Chap 2 One D Motion Freefall
DYNAMICS STATICS
(Force & Response) (At rest)
KINEMATICS
(describes motion)
Concepts to study objects in motion
Position
Acceleration
What is “Position” in Physics?
Frame of reference
A choice of coordinate axes with an
origin
Coordinates for representing starting
CAN BE POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE ALONG A
GIVEN DIRECTION !!!
From A to B
xi = 30 m
xf = 52 m
x = 22 m
The displacement is
positive, indicating
the motion was in the
positive x direction
From C to F
xi = 38 m
xf = -53 m
x = -91 m
The displacement is
negative, indicating
the motion was in the
negative x direction
Some examples of displacement
Sign of ∆x
Initial x Final x ∆x
30 52 22 +
38 -53 -91 -
-50 -30 20 +
42 31 -11 -
Displacement is a “vector”
East
Displacement = ?
Speed
The average speed of an object is defined
as the total distance traveled divided by
the total time elapsed
total distance
Average speed
total time
d
v
t
SI units – meters/second m/s
Speed - scalar? Vector?
Speed always positive?
You drove to Trenton campus 8 miles.
You drove for 17 minutes and stopped
for 3 mins. at a gas station on your
way. What was your :
Displacement?
Distance covered?
Average speed?
+8 miles relative to origin at WWC
8 miles
0.4 miles/min or 10.7 m/s
Think!
Total distance =
Displacement =
Average velocity in x direction =
Average Speed =
200 yards, 0, 0, 200÷25 = 8 yards/sec
Chapter 2 Lecture 2
lim x
v t 0
t
instantaneous velocity indicates what is
happening at every point of time when
velocity keeps changing
Instantaneous Velocity on a Graph
The slope of the line tangent to the
position-vs.-time graph is defined to be
the instantaneous velocity at that time
change in velocity
Acceleration
time elapsed
v vf vi
a
t tf ti
This is average acceleration
Units are m/s² (SI), cm/s² (cgs),
and ft/s² (US Customary)
Vector? Yes, in 1D + or -
What are vi and vf ?
Class Example 1
TRUE OR FALSE
“So, to slow down an object you always
need to have negative acceleration. To
speed up an object, you always need to
have positive acceleration.”
vo vf
x v av erage t t
2
Gives displacement as a function of
velocity and time
Use when you don‟t know and
aren‟t asked for the acceleration
Notes on the equations
v vo at
Shows velocity as a function of
acceleration and time
Use when you don‟t know and
aren‟t asked to find the
displacement
Notes on the equations
1 2
x v o t at
2
Gives displacement as a function
of time, velocity and acceleration
Use when you don‟t know and
aren‟t asked to find the final
velocity
Notes on the equations
2 2
v v 2ax
o
v v 2ax
2 2
Use equation:
0
Time elapsed=?
Use equation: v v 0 at
Textbook example 2.4 Ans: 17.5 m/s & 3.50 s
End of Chapter MC1:
(!!! sig fig & units!!!)
Choose upward vertical direction as +ve y axis
(coming up: free fall, use „y‟ axis)
Initial velocity +15
Final velocity -8
(Assume a = -9.8 ….coming up)
Find t
Use v at
v 0
2.35 s
Problem 9
Instantaneous velocities of tennis player at
a) 0.50 s
b) 2.0 s
c) 3.0 s
d) 4.5 s
b) Use v v 0 at
31.9m, 2.55s, same t, same initial v & opposite
Class Example
Obama throws a rock down with speed of 12 m/s
from the top of a tower. The rock hits the ground
after 2.0s. What is the height of the tower?
2
44 m (rounded)
In free fall motion of chalk, there is
constant acceleration called „g‟ of
magnitude 9.8 meter per second
squared throughout its trip from the
time it leaves my hands until it hits
the ground
Non-symmetrical
Free Fall
Need to divide the
motion into
segments
Possibilities include
Upward and
downward portions
The symmetrical
portion back to the
release point and then
the non-symmetrical
portion