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    Introduction To Offshore Structures

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    TommyVercetti
    This document provides an introduction to offshore structures and covers several topics: - The Palmgren-Miner rule for calculating cumulative fatigue damage from variable loading. - A methodology for designing plane and tubular joints that involves developing parametric equations and analyzing joints plane by plane. - Guidelines for simple joint calculations of allowable axial and bending loads according to API RP2A standards. - Methods for improving fatigue life such as profile grinding welds, hammer peening weld toes, and post-weld heat treatment.

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    Introduction To Offshore Structures

    Uploaded by

    TommyVercetti
    51 views27 pages
    This document provides an introduction to offshore structures and covers several topics: - The Palmgren-Miner rule for calculating cumulative fatigue damage from variable loading. - A methodology for designing plane and tubular joints that involves developing parametric equations and analyzing joints plane by plane. - Guidelines for simple joint calculations of allowable axial and bending loads according to API RP2A standards. - Methods for improving fatigue life such as profile grinding welds, hammer peening weld toes, and post-weld heat treatment.

    Original Description:

    Introduction to Offshore structures

    Original Title

    M#1

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    This document provides an introduction to offshore structures and covers several topics: - The Palmgren-Miner rule for calculating cumulative fatigue damage from variable loading. - A methodology for designing plane and tubular joints that involves developing parametric equations and analyzing joints plane by plane. - Guidelines for simple joint calculations of allowable axial and bending loads according to API RP2A standards. - Methods for improving fatigue life such as profile grinding welds, hammer peening weld toes, and post-weld heat treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views27 pages

    Introduction To Offshore Structures

    Uploaded by

    TommyVercetti
    This document provides an introduction to offshore structures and covers several topics: - The Palmgren-Miner rule for calculating cumulative fatigue damage from variable loading. - A methodology for designing plane and tubular joints that involves developing parametric equations and analyzing joints plane by plane. - Guidelines for simple joint calculations of allowable axial and bending loads according to API RP2A standards. - Methods for improving fatigue life such as profile grinding welds, hammer peening weld toes, and post-weld heat treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Introduction to Offshore

    Structures
    Module 3

    Contents

    PalmGren-Miner Rule
    Design Methodology
    Simple joint calculation
    Fatigue Life Improvement

    PalmGren-Miner Rule
    Suppose a body can tolerate only a certain amount
    of damage, D. If that body experiences damages Di
    (i=1,2,n) from N sources, then we might expect
    that failure will occur if

    =
    =1

    PalmGren-Miner Rule
    Equivalently,

    =1

    =1

    where Di/D is the fractional damage


    received from the ith source.

    PalmGren-Miner Rule
    We can use this linear damage concept in a fatigue setting by
    considering the situation where a component is subjected to
    n1 cycles at alternating stress 1 , n2 cycles at stress 2 , , Nn
    cycles at N . From the S-N curve for this material, then we
    can find the number of cycles to failure, N1 at 1 ,N2 at
    2 , , NN at N .

    Example
    Assume we are interested in the cycles to failure of a
    paper clip. As illustrated in the following figure, a cycle is
    defined as opening and closing a clip. It is known that the
    angle of the two arms of the paper clip affects the number
    of cycles to failure. So here the angle is treated as the
    stress.

    PalmGren-Miner Rule -Advantages


    For tests with random loading histories at several stress
    levels, correlation with the Palmgren-Miner rule is
    generally very good.
    The Palmgren-Miner rule can be interpreted graphically
    as a "shift" of the S-N curve.

    PalmGren-Miner Rule - Limitations


    1. It does not consider sequence effects, i.e. the order of the
    loading makes no difference in this rule. Sequence effects
    are definitely observed in many cases.
    2. Palmgren-Miner rule says that the damage accumulation
    is independent of stress level. This can be seen from the
    modified S-N diagram above where the entire curve is
    shifted the same amount, regardless of stress amplitude.

    Design Methodology
    1.

    2.

    3.
    4.

    Develop a parametric equation


    empirical method for each of the plane
    frame and basically looking similar to
    either T, Y, K or X.
    Analyses will be done plane by plane.
    Of course, the three-dimensional effect
    is taken into account in terms of
    empirical multiplications.
    If the design of one side is done, the
    effect of other side is already taken into
    account.
    Repeat the procedure for all frames in
    one junction and look at whichever is
    producing maximum requirement

    Design Methodology

    Tubular Joint

    Simple joint calculation API RP2A

    Simple-joint calculation
    This is valid based on the following criteria:
    0.2 1.0
    10 50
    30 90
    Fy 72 ksi (500 Mpa)
    g/D>0.6 (for K joints)

    Simple-joint calculation

    Tubular joints without overlap of principal braces


    and having no gussets, diaphragms, grout or
    stiffeners should be designed using the following
    guidelines (plus increase in both cases where
    applicable).

    where
    Pa = allowable capacity for brace axial load;
    Ma = allowable capacity for brace bending moment,
    Fyc = the yield stress of the chord member at the joint(or
    0.8 of the tensile strength, if less), in ksi (MPa);
    FS = safety factor = 1.60.

    Strength Factor Qu

    Chord Load Factor Qf


    The chord load factor Qf accounts for the presence
    of nominal loads in the chord and is calculated
    from the following equation.

    Chord Load Factor Qf

    Strength Check
    The interaction ratio JIR for the joint with
    applied axial loads and bending moments in
    the brace should be calculated using the
    expression:

    Joint detailing- In plane

    Joint detailing- Out of plane

    Fatigue Life Improvement


    The fatigue life can be improved by one of the
    following methods.
    Profile grinding the weld
    Weld Toe grinding
    Hammer peeling of the weld toe
    Smoothening Weld caps in butt welds.
    Post weld Heat treatment
    Adding Internal rings

    Profiling the Weld surface


    Involves smoothening
    of weld caps at the
    butt weld
    It improves fatigue
    life by reducing the
    stress concentration
    due to under cut or
    crack like features

    Smoothening weld caps


    In this process, fatigue
    life is improved by
    reducing the stress
    concentration due to
    undercut or crack like
    features

    Thank You

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