An Outdoor Comfort Index Framework Based On GIS For Supporting Optimal Environment
An Outdoor Comfort Index Framework Based On GIS For Supporting Optimal Environment
An Outdoor Comfort Index Framework Based On GIS For Supporting Optimal Environment
1. Introduction
Recently, It is necessary to provide a good internal environment if we want the
development and utilization of outdoor space to be of great vitality. We collect context data
such as real-time temperature, humidity using sensor network, and provide it to user.
However, many people want to provide sensitive information of side of the body rather than
the value of the temperature and humidity in the area. For example, they want human
experience comprehensively considering environment such as temperature, humidity,
radiation, air current etc. For this, in architectural engineering field, about environment, they
express satisfaction about state of comfortable state of mind, and they present comfort index
by combining temperature, humidity, air current, radiation that effect on comfort environment.
Generally, in-door comfort index is consist of a SET(Standard Effective Temperature), ET
(Effective Temperature Index), PMV(Predicted Mean Vote), and PPD(Predicted Percentage
of Dissatisfied). In addition, outdoor environment index is consist of WCI(Wind Chill Index),
NWCI(New Wind Chill Index), UTCI(Universal Thermal Climate Index), ASV(Actual
Sensation Vote), TS(Thermal sensation) and so on [1-3].
In this paper, we present an outdoor comfort index framework based on GIS for supporting
context information. Proposed framework supports to manage local outdoor environment
information, and analyzes an outdoor comfort index for providing them to user comfortably,
and calculates comfort context information. This provides to display them on a map
effectively. We are intended to provide an outdoor environment monitoring service based on
presented comprehensive comfort index. Comprehensive comfort index that presented reflects
many environment information on outdoor environment integrity, we provide comprehensive
comfort context to user through a web effectively using this comprehensive comfort index.
Through this, user search outdoor comfort context and select optimal comfort area or avoid
area that is not comfort area in advance. And users simply check comprehensive comfort
index and context of outdoor environment, then users can avoid outing to the outdoor area
that is a discomfort area or have a lot of chaff contamination [4-6].
2. Related Work
Wind chill is the felt air temperature on exposed skin due to wind. It measures the effect of
wind on air temperature. WCI developed by Siple and Passel in 1945 is comprehensive
external environment index that calculated using temperature and wind in the cold
environment.
NWCI that improves an existing WCI in the Purdue University and Defense Civil Institute
of Environmental Medicine of Canada in 2001, models face of people who are the most
exposure people in the winter, uses wind that the height of this is average of face height
instead of standard anemometer on 10m.
UTCI developed in ISB (International Society of Biometeorology) is a simulation model
that is consist of 10 phase scale from extreme cold stress to extreme heat stress, and can
calculate individually a heat of face, hand and foot.
ASV is consisted of 5 phase scale from -2(very cold) to +2(very hot) to assess a thermal
comfort in outside environment. TS of Japan have a range that heat range is from 1(very cold)
to 7(very hot) and comfort lever is from 1(very uncomfortable) to 7(very comfortable). In
addition, outdoor environment index is as CO2, noise, air pollution, etc.
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Figure 2. The Proposed Framework for Outdoor Comfort Index and Context
Information
And there are comfort index information monitoring that manages outdoor environment for
user to recognize outdoor comfort context, and algorithm that recognizes indoor comfort
context through outdoor comfort index and provides it to user, algorithm that elicits comfort
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context using comfort index of outdoor space, and part that provides it on a map using open
API such as Google Map, etc.
Figure 2 shows a framework for outdoor comfort index and status information. The system
calculates comfort index such as WCI, NWCI, UTCI, ASV, TS using the surrounding
environment values that stored in outdoor comfort index calculating engine, searches and
represents WCI, NWCI, UTCI, ASV, TS, DI values stored in database on comfort index
visualization module on a map, prints it on a map using GIS engine of open API such as
Google Map, etc. And the system stores temporally comfort index values that stored in
database for conveying comfort index to GIS engine on comfort index register. Comfort
context rule engine elicits comfort context information through WCI, NWCI, UTCI, ASV, TS,
and DI values. Finally, Google GIS engine provides comfort index and context information
on a map to user by analyzing and processing a logical space data.
(1)
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(2)
Tr presents radiation, Ta present air temperature. Comfort context of the state of heats
(Extreme heat stress/Very strong heat stress/strong heat stress/moderate heat stress/No
thermal stress, etc.) is calculated according to UTCI comfort index values as in Figure 5.
A multi-factor regression formula, expressing TS (Thermal Sensation) as a function of the
ve variables was generated, and TS is calculated by formula (3). TS is calculated according
to TS comfort index values as in Figure 6.
TS = 1.7 + 0.1118Ta + 0.0019SR - 0.32WS - 0.0073RH + 0.0054ST
(3)
DI presents discomfort index based on WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model,
CAI is an integrated atmospheric environment index developed by considering human effect
and sensible pollutants according to air pollutants for easily knowing atmospheric pollutants
measures. CAI calculates the score to five air pollutants, and uses integrated atmospheric
environment index that present the highest score, and this index, indicating that the state of
the atmosphere is not as good as score increases, is divided into 6 stage index from 0 to 500.
The measured environmental physical factors were air temperature in the shade(Ta, 8C),
horizontal solar radiation(SR,W/sqm), wind speed (WS, m/s), relative humidity(RH,%) and
the surrounding ground surface temperature (ST,8C). The climatic measurements were
carried out every hour in each test area.
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(4)
In ASV, we use independent variables air temperature (Tair, C), the difference of
Tglobe-Tair (Tga, C) as a proxy for sunlight [6], wind speed (V, m/s) and relative
humidity (RH, %).
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Figure 8. Contents Display of Outdoor Comfort Index Related WCI, UTCI, ASV,
TS, DI, CAI
In Figure 8, comfort index such as WCI, UTCI, ASV, TS, DI, and CAI can be provided
with comprehensive comfort index. For example, it can provide WCI comfort index and
context, or UTCI comfort index and context. Also, it can provide ASV comfort index and
context, or TS comfort index and context. And, DI comfort index and context can be provided.
WCI comfort index value shows that the range 25 -75 of WCI comfort index value is hot,
75~150 is warm, 150~300 is comfort, 300~500 is freshness, 500~ 700 is very freshness,
700~900 is cold etc. Figure 9 show results display of outdoor WCI index and context
information.
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Figure 10. Results Display of Outdoor UTCI Index and Context Information
5. Conclusion
Recently, monitoring system development is collected by multiple sensor of target
streetlight of outdoor leisure space such as park, lake. This provides the user environment
information dynamically. In this paper, we present outdoor comfort index framework for
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calculating outdoor comfort index and context information in specific area. Proposed
framework has calculation engine of and support searching comfort context through internet,
and present method that provides it on a map effectively. Through this, it is possible for user
to grasp outdoor comfort context in advance, and live in perfect comfort area.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the ICT Standardization program of KCC(Korea
Communications Commission). This work was supported by the National Research
Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MEST) (No. 20110015009). Corresponding author; DoHyeun Kim (e-mail: kimdh@jejunu.ac.kr.).
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Authors
Jae-Hoon Jeong, he received the B.S. degrees in Computer
Engineering from Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea, in 2013
respectively. He joined the Corporate, Korea, in 2012. Since 2012,
he is currently a researcher at the Department of Computer Program
Development at Corporate, Korea. His research interests include
Web programming, Sensor networks.
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