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    Design of A Ka-Band Mode Converter With Rectangular Waveguide TE Mode To A Coaxial Waveguide TM Mode

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    Design of A Ka-Band Mode Converter With Rectangular Waveguide TE Mode To A Coaxial Waveguide TM Mode

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    Design of A Ka-Band Mode Converter With Rectangular Waveguide TE Mode To A Coaxial Waveguide TM Mode

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    gtdd

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    of 3

    Design of A Ka-band Mode Converter with

    Rectangular Waveguide TE10 Mode to a Coaxial


    Waveguide TM01 Mode
    Li Zhong1Xianrong Zhang2
    1

    Departments of Electronic Information, Chengdu Polytechnic, No. 15, North Yizhou Avenue, Chengdu 610041, Peoples
    Republic of China
    2
    Soutwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, No. 85, Yingkang West Road, Chengdu 610036, Peoples Republic of China.

    Abstract-A novel mode converter is introduced in this paper,


    transferring the TE10 mode, which is the dominant mode in
    rectangular waveguide into TM01 mode in coaxial waveguide.
    The simulation and optimization is based on CST and good
    results have been achieved with the VSWR 1.2 at 34.5GHz center
    frequency and the efficiency is greater than 86%. The test results
    agree well with the simulation, certifying the feasibility of the
    structure.

    I.

    taken on in Fig. 1. For the need of the project, the outer and
    inner radiuses of the conductor are b=7.7mm and a=3.1mm
    separately. Port 1 represents the rectangular waveguide input
    port and Port 2 is the coaxial waveguide output port. The Port
    3 is the place where the electron beam come the left and Port 4
    is the short stub port.
    Port 1

    INTRODUCTION

    Mode converter has been widely used in the applications of


    high power capacity microwave, one of which is in gyrotron.
    In order to get high power output, higher harmonic modes are
    often used in gyrotron. Thus, it is important to design the
    mode-converter of good characteristics to solve the problem of
    gyrotron such as the transferring of high-modes, higher modes
    to the dominant mode, changing of polarization direction of
    working mode, the selectivity of the working mode together
    with the inhibiting of the competition mode.
    The mode-converters can usually be divided into three types
    based on the function: (1) the converter of the output modes,
    such as Vlasov quasi-optical converters [1]-[2]and rippledwall converters [3]-[4], mainly used to changing the polar
    direction of the working mode; (2) to realize the selectivity of
    the working modes and inhibit the non-working modes, thus,
    the stability of the gyrotron can be improved[5]-[8]; (3)can be
    used to realize the coupling function of the inputs[9], mainly
    to achieve good coupling between the input mode and the
    working mode, securing the efficient interaction between the
    electron and the working mode.
    The mode-converter in this paper is used to solve the
    problem that the selectivity of the working mode and the
    inhibition of the non-working modes, and applied to the
    transferring from TE10 mode, which is the dominant mode in
    rectangular waveguide into TM01 mode in coaxial waveguide.

    Port 3
    Port 2

    Port 4

    Figure. 1. The configuration of the mode converter.

    Figure. 2. The TM01 mode electromagnetic field distribution in coaxial


    waveguide.

    Thus, the Kc of the TM mode in coaxial waveguide can be


    given as:

    kc |

    nS
    (n=1,2,3,) .
    ba

    (1)

    The cutoff length of the coaxial waveguide TMmn can be


    expressed as:

    OcTMmn

    n
    b  a
    2

    7.7  3.1
    2

    2.3mm

    (2)

    For TE11 mode


    II. THE CONFIGURATION AND DESIGN OF THE MODECONVERTER FROM THE TE10 MODE TO TM01 MODE

    kc11 |

    2
    ab

    (3)

    Therefore, the cutoff wavelength of TE11 mode can be


    approximated by

    The configuration of the mode-converter with rectangular


    waveguide TE10 mode to coaxial waveguide TM01 mode is
    ____________________________________
    978-1-4799-44- /14/$31.00 2014 IEEE

    

    OcTE11 | S (a  b) 33.912mm (4)

    Based on the design instructions, with the help of CST, the


    simulation of the configuration is done and the final
    parameters are listed as follows: The diameter of the out
    conductor is 15.4mm, and the dimension of input Port 1 is
    designed as R320 standard waveguide. a=7.112 mm, b=3.556
    mm the dimension of short stub Port 4 is a1=8.31mm
    b=3.556 mm a and a1 is the width of the rectangular
    waveguide port 1 and port 4,b is the height of the rectangular
    waveguide, the length is 2.2mm ,the dimension of inner
    conductor is L1=2.87 mmL2=3.02 mmL3=0.93 mm
    L4=3.07 mmL5=7.67 mmL6=1 mmL7=3 mmL8=1
    mmD=6.2 mm,D1=8 mm,D3=6.98mm. The arc of Port 1
    and Port 2 are r=0.3mm.
    In the simulations, the material of the converter was
    assumed to be PEC, a TE10 mode was excited from the
    rectangular waveguide input port 1, and the transformed
    modes at the coaxial waveguide output port 2 and the reflected
    modes at the input port were detected.

    The process of the design is as follows: We made the wide


    ridge of the rectangular waveguide vertical with the axis of the
    coaxial waveguide. The port1 of the rectangular waveguide is
    connected to the hole in the coaxial waveguide, enabling the
    magnetic field of the TE10 to be parallel with that of the TM01
    of the coaxial waveguide. Thus, the TM01 mode is excited in
    the coaxial transmission line. Besides, the electric field lines
    of the TE10 mode in rectangular waveguide bends in the
    coupling area, generating the electric component of the axis
    EZ and transverse component ET, in which the axial
    component EZ will excite the TM01 mode in the coaxial
    waveguide and the transverse component ET will excite the
    useless TE11 mode. In order to discharge the TE11 mode and
    other higher modes, short film is added Og 2 TM01
    mode away from the center axis of the rectangular
    waveguide and metal ring resonator is placed about Og 4
    (TE11 mode) away from the center of the rectangular in
    short route. Because the direction of the electric field is
    parallel to the plane of the ring resonator, TE11 mode is shortcircuit in the coaxial waveguide, and is equivalent as open
    circuit after traveling the distance of Og 4 (TE11 mode)
    back to the coupling hole. Moreover, the input impedance is
    infinite, so there is no TE11 mode coupling in the coaxial
    waveguide. Since the direction of the TM01 mode is vertical
    with the plane of the ring resonator, it satisfies the boundary
    condition, making no influence on the TM01 mode in the
    coaxial waveguide. And Og 2 (TM01 mode) short circuit
    produces no input impedance at the coupling pole for the
    coaxial TM01 mode. So, the rectangular waveguide has a good
    match with the coaxial waveguide.
    For the practical need of the project, the left side of modeconverter in this paper can not be designed as short circuit for
    the reason that there is electron beam traveling. Taking all the
    matters into consideration, we finally add two metal
    small discs on the two sides of the coaxial transmission line
    separately. Besides, rectangular waveguide short minors are
    placed on the symmetric plane which is symmetric with the
    input rectangular waveguide to eliminate its useless mode
    improve the efficiency of the transferring. The detailed
    parameter of the mode converter is presented in Fig.3.

    Magnitude(dB)

    -4
    -8
    S11(TE10_TE10)

    -12

    S21(TM01_TE10)

    -16
    -20
    -24
    33.8 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35.0
    Frequency(GHz)
    0.9

    Conversion efficiency

    0.8
    0.7
    0.6

    TEM_S2(1)1(1)
    TE11_S2(2)1(1)

    0.5

    TE21_S2(3)1(1)
    TE31_S2(4)1(1)

    0.4

    TM01_S2(5)1(1)

    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0
    33.8

    34.0

    34.2

    34.4

    34.6

    34.8

    35.0

    Frequency(GHz))

    Figure.4. The simulated of the S-parameters


    (a) The S11 and S21 parameters (b) The S2(n)1(1) parameters

    From Fig. 4a, the VSWR is 1.2 at 34.5GHz and


    transmission loss less than 1.95dB and from Figure 4b, the
    efficiency has been greater than 80% ranged from 33.84 to
    34.76GHz.The total efficiency reached at Port 3 is less than
    22% with power transmitted less than 6%.

    Figure.3 The configuration of the mode-converter with parameters

    

    According to the electromagnetic field distribution shown


    in Fig.2 , it determines the transmission model of the port2 .
    The conversion efficiencies of different modes, defined as the
    output power of each mode normalized to the input power of
    TE10 mode, are presented in Fig. 4b. It is shown that five
    coaxial waveguide modes are generated from the converter.
    They are TEM, TE11, TE21, TE31 and TM01 coaxial waveguide
    modes. TM01 mode is the desired one, whose conversion
    efficiency is about 86% at 34.3 GHz and greater than80% in
    the frequency range of 33.82-34.72 GHz. Whereas, the
    magnitudes of the undesired modes, namely TEM, TE11,
    TE21,TE31 and TM01 , are very small, which are both less than
    14% in 33.82-34.72 GHz. Thus, we have got wonderful
    results.

    Magnitude(dB)

    -5

    -15
    -20

    S11
    S11
    S21
    S21

    m easured
    sim ulated
    sim ulated
    m easured

    -25
    33.8 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35.0
    Frequency(GHz)

    Figure. 6. The back to back tested and the simulated of S parameters.

    III. FABRICATION AND THE TESTMENT OF THE


    MODE CONVERTER

    IV. CONCLUSION
    A novel mode converter transferring the rectangular
    waveguide TE10 mode to TM01 mode in coaxial waveguide
    has been designed and fabricated by designing metal ring in
    the inner conductor to eliminate the influence of other modes
    is documented in this paper. Back to back cold tested good
    agreement between experiments and simulations was observed.
    Therefore, this mode converter can be successfully being used
    in many high-power applications.

    The fabricated mode converter is shown in Fig. 5a. Made in


    copper for the whole structure and in order to lower down the
    loss, the face is plated with silver. To test the characteristic,
    the method of back to back cold test has been utilized in the
    process of the testament.
    A back to back cold test method is used in the test in Fig. 5b,
    the S11 and S21 parameter has been tested and shown in Fig.
    6. In this process, the input port is connected with the standard
    R320 Coax-waveguide mode converter and the two sides of
    the coaxial waveguide is connected by the metal board to
    support inner conductor.
    In Fig. 6, the tested curves together with the simulation
    have been clearly taken on. Agilent 8722ES has been applied
    in the test and good results have been achieved with S11 less
    than -10dB ranged from 34.25 -34.72GHz. By comparing the
    simulation with test curves, a good agreement has been
    achieved though the tested frequency of the S11 and S21
    parameters have moved a little higher, which is caused by the
    fabrication error and the installation process. So, we can draw
    a conclusion that the method is of great feasibility.

    REFERENCES
    [1]

    [2]

    [3]

    [4]

    [5]

    [6]

    [7]

    [8]

    [9]

    (a)

    -10

    (b)

    Figure.5. (a)The fabricated figure of the mode converter.(b) The back to back
    tested of the converter.

    

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