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    Muscle Terms

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    candace728
    This document discusses the anatomy and function of muscles. It defines three types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attaches to bones via tendons. The roles of skeletal muscle include movement, posture, balance and heat production. Muscles are classified by the number of joints they cross and have an origin, insertion, action and innervation. There are three types of contractions - concentric, eccentric, and isometric. A muscle's role is as an agonist/prime mover, antagonist, synergist, or stabilizer. Breathing and gravity influence contraction type.

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    Muscle Terms

    Uploaded by

    candace728
    162 views26 pages
    This document discusses the anatomy and function of muscles. It defines three types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attaches to bones via tendons. The roles of skeletal muscle include movement, posture, balance and heat production. Muscles are classified by the number of joints they cross and have an origin, insertion, action and innervation. There are three types of contractions - concentric, eccentric, and isometric. A muscle's role is as an agonist/prime mover, antagonist, synergist, or stabilizer. Breathing and gravity influence contraction type.

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    misici muscles useful tips physiotherapy

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    This document discusses the anatomy and function of muscles. It defines three types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attaches to bones via tendons. The roles of skeletal muscle include movement, posture, balance and heat production. Muscles are classified by the number of joints they cross and have an origin, insertion, action and innervation. There are three types of contractions - concentric, eccentric, and isometric. A muscle's role is as an agonist/prime mover, antagonist, synergist, or stabilizer. Breathing and gravity influence contraction type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    162 views26 pages

    Muscle Terms

    Uploaded by

    candace728
    This document discusses the anatomy and function of muscles. It defines three types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attaches to bones via tendons. The roles of skeletal muscle include movement, posture, balance and heat production. Muscles are classified by the number of joints they cross and have an origin, insertion, action and innervation. There are three types of contractions - concentric, eccentric, and isometric. A muscle's role is as an agonist/prime mover, antagonist, synergist, or stabilizer. Breathing and gravity influence contraction type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 26

    Muscles: Actions, Movements,

    and Terminology

    Overview
    Muscle 101
    Role of Skeletal Muscle
    Muscle Terminology
    Muscular Contractions
    Concentric
    Eccentric
    Isometric

    Muscle Movement Classification or Defining a


    Muscles Role in Producing Movement
    Agonist or Prime mover
    Antagonist
    Synergist
    Stabilizer

    Muscles
    Three types of muscle in the human body
    Skeletal
    Voluntary

    Cardiac (heart)
    Smooth (internal organs)

    Consists of contractile cells (muscle


    fibers)
    Muscles can only pull; they can not push
    Tendons attach muscles to bone
    ligaments attach bone to bone

    Role of Skeletal Muscle

    Gives form to the body


    Provides heat
    Produces skeletal movement
    Assists in maintaining joint stability
    Maintains posture
    Maintains balance over center of gravity
    55% of height in women
    57% of height in men

    Muscle Terminology
    Uniarticulate

    Biarticulate

    A muscle that
    A muscle that
    crosses one joint crosses two
    joints
    Ex:
    Brachioradialis Sartorius
    crosses the
    elbow joint

    Triarticulate
    A muscle that
    can move
    three joints
    Ex: Wrist
    Flexors

    Muscle Terminology

    Muscle Action:
    Specific movement of the joint
    Flexion, Extension, Ad/Abduction, etc.
    Muscle Origin:
    The end of the muscle attaching to the
    relatively fixed (or least moveable) bone of its
    joint.
    The more proximal attachment site
    Muscle Insertion:
    The end of the muscle attaching to the freely
    moving bone of its joint.
    The more distal attachment site of the muscle.

    Origin:
    Anterior
    Deltoid: Lateral
    1/3 of clavicle
    Middle Deltoid:
    Acromion
    Process of
    Scapula
    Posterior
    Deltoid: Spine
    of Scapula
    Insertion:
    Deltoid
    tuberosity of
    humerus

    O:Medial
    Epicondyle of
    Humerus (2 heads
    medial and
    posterior)
    I: Pisiform,
    Hammate, and
    Base of 5th
    metacarpal

    Muscle Terminology
    Nerve Innervation: The segment of the
    nervous system responsible for providing a
    stimulus to muscle fibers.
    Muscle Palpation: Examination by touch
    Muscle length: The distance between bony
    attachments

    Muscular Contractions
    Muscular Contractions
    Isotonic (Movement with constant
    external resistance-Bicep Curl)
    Concentric
    Eccentric

    Isokinetic (Movement with varying


    external resistance/control for velocityTubing?)
    Isometric (no joint movement)

    Concentric Muscle Contraction


    Muscle shortens in length while
    developing tension
    Muscle tension is greater than the load
    Examples:
    The upward phase of a bicep curl
    The upward phase of a bench press
    The upward phase of an abdominal
    crunch
    The upward phase of a squat
    The downward phase of a lat pull-down

    Eccentric Muscle Contraction


    Muscle lengthens under tension.
    Resistance is greater than muscle
    tension.
    Examples:
    The downward phase of a biceps
    curl
    The downward phase of a squat
    The downward phase of a lunge
    The upward phase of a lat pull-down
    Eccentric muscle contractions are what
    makes you sore
    Most injuries occur in the eccentric
    phase

    Isometric Muscle Contraction


    No movement
    Tension equals the load.
    Examples:
    Wall Sit
    Plank

    Types of contraction
    Isometric

    Concentric
    Deltoid holds arm in
    ________________

    Eccentric

    Deltoid shortens to
    move arm into
    ________________

    Deltoid lengthens to
    lower arm into
    ________________

    Muscle Movement Classification


    A muscles role in producing movement
    can be defined as that of the:
    Agonist or Prime Mover
    Antagonist
    Synergist
    Stabilizer

    Agonist or Prime Mover


    A muscle or group of muscles that causes a
    motion
    Muscle contracts concentrically or eccentrically

    Examples:
    Knee Extension
    Quadriceps, through concentric
    contraction, extend the knee
    Elbow Flexion
    Biceps work concentrically to bend arm

    Antagonist
    The Opposer
    Resists the motion caused by the prime mover
    Contracts to prevent, slow or control a motion
    Helps protect the agonist
    Examples:
    Knee Extension
    Hamstring muscles, through eccentric
    contraction, help to slow the rate of knee
    extension
    Elbow Flexion
    Triceps work eccentrically to slow the rate that
    the arm is bent
    Rotator Cuff Muscles

    Synergist
    Assists the movement of a prime
    mover but is less effective
    These muscles are considered to have a
    functional relationship with the prime
    mover
    However, the assisting muscle cannot
    perform the motion at a functional level.

    Example: As a portion of the


    quadriceps crosses the hip joint, it can
    help produce hip flexion. However, it is
    incapable of producing hip flexion
    alone.

    Stabilizer
    Muscles contract (frequently by an isometric
    contraction) to hold a body part immobile while
    another body part is moving.
    Your wrist while doing a dumbbell bench press
    Core muscles
    Proximal Stabilization: In most normal activities, the
    proximal joint is stabilized while the distal joint
    performs the action.
    To perform isolated elbow flexion the proximal
    shoulder joint must be stabilized by
    flexors/extensors, abductors/adductors and
    internal/external rotators.
    The quadriceps may stabilize the knee in an
    extended position to permit plantar flexion of the
    ankle

    Putting It Together

    starting position

    ending position

    Putting It Together
    Exercise
    Standing Cable Triceps Extension
    Agonist or Prime Mover:
    Triceps Brachii
    Triceps Brachii is a Biarticulate
    Muscle
    Muscle Origin
    Scapula and Humerus
    Muscle Insertion
    Ulna
    Muscle Action
    Elbow and Shoulder Extension

    Putting It Together
    Synergist
    Anconeus
    Antagonist
    Elbow Flexors (Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and
    Brachioradialis)
    Stabilizers:
    Latissimus Dorsi
    Teres Major
    Pectoralis Major
    Deltoid
    Rotator Cuff Muscles
    Erector Spinae
    Rectus Abdominis
    Obliques
    Wrist Flexors

    Putting It Together
    Concentric Contraction
    Down phase of exercise

    Eccentric Contraction
    Up phase of exercise

    Breathing
    Exhale during the working phase of a
    movement
    You are moving against the force of
    resistance

    Direction of
    Movement

    AgonistContraction

    AntagonistContraction

    Progravity

    Eccentric

    Concentric

    Antigravity

    Concentric

    Eccentric

    Gravity
    Eliminated

    Concentric

    Eccentric

    Take Home Points


    Skeletal muscle plays many roles in the
    body including producing skeletal
    movement, heat and joint stability
    Muscles can be uni, bi or triarticulate
    Muscle action is the specific movement of
    the joint
    A muscles origin is proximal and relatively
    fixed while the insertion is more movable
    and distal

    Take Home Points


    There are three key types of muscular
    contractions
    Concentric, eccentric and isometric

    A muscles role in producing


    movement can be defined as that of
    the:
    Agonist/prime mover, antagonist,
    synergist or stabilizer

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