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IS/ISO 22005 (2007): Traceability in the Feed and Food

Chain - General Principles and Basic Requirements for
System Design and IMplementation [FAD 15: Food Hygiene,
Safety Management and Other Systems]

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Invent a New India Using Knowledge

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IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

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Indian Standard
TRACEABILITY IN THE FEED AND FOOD CHAIN
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND BASIC REQUIREMENTS
FOR SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

ICS 67.040

BIS 2013

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
February 2013

Price Group 4

Food Hygiene, Safety Management and Other Systems Sectional Committee, FAD 15

NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 22005 : 2007 Traceability in the feed and food chain
General principles and basic requirements for system design and implementation issued by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards
on the recommendation of the Food Hygiene, Safety Management and Other Systems Sectional
Committee and approval of the Food and Agriculture Division Council.
The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without
deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention
is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words International Standard appear referring to this standard, they should be
read as Indian Standard.
b) Comma(,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.
In this adopted standard, reference appear to the following International Standard for which Indian
Standard also exists. The corresponding Indian Standard which is to be substituted in its place is
listed below along with its degree of equivalence for the edition indicated:
International Standard

Corresponding Indian Standard

Degree of Equivalence

ISO 22000 : 2005 Food safety

management
systems

Requirements for any organization in

the food chain

IS/ISO 22000 : 2005 Food safety

management
systems

Requirements for any organization in

the food chain

Identical

Nothing in this Indian Standard shall affect the operation of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
and regulations framed thereunder; Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1977 or any other law
for the time being in force and shall be subject to the restrictions imposed thereunder, wherever
applicable.
In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value,
observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for
rounding off numerical values (revised).

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

Indian Standard
TRACEABILITY IN THE FEED AND FOOD CHAIN
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND BASIC REQUIREMENTS
FOR SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
1

Scope

This International Standard gives the principles and specifies basic requirements for the design and
implementation of a feed and food traceability system. It can be applied by an organization operating at any
step in the feed and food chain.
It is intended to be flexible enough to allow feed organizations and food organizations to achieve identified
objectives.
The traceability system is a technical tool to assist an organization to conform with its defined objectives and
is applicable when necessary to determine the history, or location of a product or its relevant components.

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22000:2005, Food safety management systems Requirements for any organization in the food chain

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22000 and the following apply.
3.1
product
result of a process
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.2]
NOTE

Product may include packaging material.

3.2
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs
NOTE 1

Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes.

NOTE 2
value.

Processes in an organization (3.10) are generally planned and carried out under controlled conditions to add

NOTE 3
A process where the conformity of other resulting product (3.1) cannot be readily or economically verified is
frequently referred to as a special process.

[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1]

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

3.3
lot
set of units of a product which have been produced and/or processed or packaged under similar
circumstances
NOTE 1

The lot is determined by parameters established beforehand by the organization.

NOTE 2

A set of units may be reduced to a single unit of product.

3.4
lot identification
process of assigning a unique code to a lot
3.5
location
place of production, processing, distribution, storage and handling from primary production to consumption
3.6
traceability
ability to follow the movement of a feed or food through specified stage(s) of production, processing and
distribution
NOTE 1

Adapted from Reference [3].

NOTE 2

Movement can relate to the origin of the materials, processing history or distribution of the feed or food.

NOTE 3

Terms such as document traceability, computer traceability or commercial traceability should be avoided.

3.7
feed and food chain
sequence of the stages and operations involved in the production, processing, distribution and handling of
feed and food, from primary production to consumption
NOTE
Primary production includes the production of feed for food-producing animals and for animals intended for
food production.

3.8
flow of materials
movement of any materials at any point in the feed and food chain
3.9
materials
feed and food, feed and food ingredients and packaging materials
3.10
organization
group of people and facilities with an arrangement of responsibilities, authorities and relationships
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.3.1]
NOTE 1

An organization may consist of one person.

NOTE 2

An organization can be public or private.

3.11
data
recorded information

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

3.12
traceability system
totality of data and operations that is capable of maintaining desired information about a product and its
components through all or part of its production and utilization chain

4
4.1

Principles and objectives of traceability

General

Traceability systems should be able to document the history of the product and/or locate a product in the feed
and food chain. Traceability systems contribute to the search for the cause of nonconformity and the ability to
withdraw and/or recall products if necessary. Traceability systems can improve appropriate use and reliability
of information, effectiveness and productivity of the organization.
Traceability systems should be able to achieve the objectives (see 4.3) from a technical and economic point of
view.
Movement can relate to the origin of the materials, processing history or distribution of the feed or food, and
should address at least one step forward and one step backward for each organization in the chain. On
agreement amongst the organizations concerned, it may apply to more than one part of the chain.

4.2

Principles

Traceability systems should be

4.3

verifiable,
applied consistently and equitably,
results oriented,
cost effective,
practical to apply,
compliant with any applicable regulations or policy, and
compliant with defined accuracy requirements.

Objectives

In developing a feed and food chain traceability system, it is necessary to identify the specific objectives to be
achieved. These objectives should take into consideration the principles identified in 4.2. Examples of
objectives are the following:
a)

to support food safety and/or quality objectives;

b)

to meet customer specification(s);

c)

to determine the history or origin of the product;

d)

to facilitate the withdrawal and/or recall of products;

e)

to identify the responsible organizations in the feed and food chain;

f)

to facilitate the verification of specific information about the product;

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

g)

to communicate information to relevant stakeholders and consumers;

h)

to fulfil any local, regional, national or international regulations or policies, as applicable;

i)

to improve the effectiveness, productivity and profitability of the organization.

Design

5.1

General design considerations

A traceability system is a tool that should be designed within the context of a broader management system.
The choice of a traceability system should result from balancing the different requirements, the technical
feasibility and the economic acceptability.
The traceability system should be verifiable.
Each element of a traceability system shall be considered and justified on a case-by-case basis, taking into
account the objectives to be achieved.
In the design of a traceability system, the following shall be included:
a)

objectives;

b)

regulatory and policy requirements relevant to traceability;

c)

products and/or ingredients;

d)

position in the feed and food chain;

e)

flow of materials;

f)

information requirements;

g)

procedures;

h)

documentation;

i)

feed and food chain coordination.

5.2

Choice of objectives

The organization shall identify the objectives of its traceability system (see 4.3).

5.3

Regulatory and policy requirements

The organization shall identify the relevant regulatory and policy requirements to be met by its traceability
system.

5.4

Products and/or ingredients

The organization shall identify the relevant products and/or ingredients for which the objectives of its
traceability system apply.

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

5.5

Steps for the design

5.5.1

Position in the feed and food chain

The organization shall determine its position in the food chain by at least identifying its suppliers and
customers.
5.5.2

Flow of materials

The organization shall determine and document the flow of materials within its control in a manner which
meets the objectives of the traceability system.
5.5.3

Information requirements

To meet its traceability objectives, the organization shall define the information

to be obtained from its suppliers,

to be collected concerning the product and process history, and
to be provided to its customers and/or suppliers.

NOTE
The information required for a traceability system is influenced by its objectives and by the position of the
organization in the feed and food chain.

5.6

Establishment of procedures

Procedures generally relate to documenting the flow of materials and related information, including document
retention and verification. The organization shall establish procedures that include at least the following:
a)

product definition;

b)

lot definition and identification;

c)

documentation of flow of materials, and information including media for record keeping;

d)

data management and recording protocols;

e)

information retrieval protocols.

In the development and implementation of a traceability system, it is necessary to take into account the
existing operation and management systems present in the organization.
Procedures to manage traceability information shall include a means to link and record the flow of information
concerning materials and products, if needed.
Procedures shall be established to deal with nonconformity in the traceability system. These procedures
should include corrections and corrective actions.

5.7

Documentation requirements

The organization shall determine which documents are required to achieve the objectives of its traceability
system.
Appropriate documentation shall include, as a minimum

a description of the relevant steps in the chain,

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

a description of the responsibilities for the management of traceability data,

written or recorded information documenting the traceability activities and manufacturing process, flows
and results of traceability verification and audits,
documentation addressing action taken to manage nonconformity related to the established traceability
system, and
document retention times.

See ISO 22000:2005, 4.2.2, for management of the control of documents.

See ISO 22000:2005, 4.2.3, for management of the control of records.
See ISO 22000:2005, 7.9, for the identified objectives of a traceability system.

5.8

Feed and food chain coordination

If an organization participates in a traceability system with other organizations, the design elements (see 5.1)
shall be coordinated. Links in the feed and food chain are established as each organization identifies its
immediate prior source(s) and immediate subsequent recipient(s). When a claim is made about Feed and
food chain traceability for commercial purposes, the relevant steps in the feed or food chain shall be identified
by the organization making the claim and shall be supported by verification information.
NOTE

6
6.1

A chain traceability system can be applied when the part(s) being traced is(are) continuously connected.

Implementation
General

The organization shall demonstrate its commitment to the implementation of a traceability system by assigning
management responsibilities and by providing resources.
Following the design and development of a traceability system, the organization shall implement the steps
specified in 6.2 to 6.6.
Each organization may choose appropriate tools to trace, record and communicate information.

6.2

Traceability plan

Each organization shall establish a traceability plan which can be part of a broader management system. The
traceability plan shall include all the identified requirements.

6.3

Responsibilities

The organization shall define and communicate tasks and responsibilities to its personnel.

6.4

Training plan

An organization shall develop and implement a training plan. Personnel who can affect the traceability system
shall be adequately trained and informed.
They shall be able to demonstrate competence to correctly implement the traceability system.

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

6.5

Monitoring

The organization shall establish a monitoring scheme for the traceability system.

6.6

Key performance indicators

The organization shall establish key performance indicators to measure the effectiveness of the system.

Internal audits

The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals, to assess the effectiveness of the system
to meet the established objectives.

Review

The organization shall review the traceability system at appropriate intervals, or whenever changes are made
to the objectives and/or the product or processes. Based on this review, the appropriate corrective and
preventive action(s) shall be taken. This allows the establishment of a continuous improvement process. This
review shall include, but is not limited to, the following:
a)

traceability test results;

b)

traceability audit findings;

c)

changes to product or processes;

d)

traceability-related information provided by other organizations in the feed and food chain;

e)

corrective actions related to traceability;

f)

customer feedback, including complaints, related to traceability;

g)

new or amended regulations affecting traceability;

h)

new statistical evaluation methods.

IS/ISO 22005 : 2007

Bibliography

[1]

ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary

[2]

ISO 19011, Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing

[3]

Codex Alimentarius: Principles for traceability/Product tracing as a tool within a food inspection and
certification system (CAC/GL 60-2006)

Bureau of Indian Standards

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Review of Indian Standards
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referring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: FAD 15 (2180).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
______________________________________________________________________________________
Amendment No.
Date of Issue
Text Affected
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________________
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