Centre

Number

Candidate
Number

Surname

Other
Names

For Teachers Use

Section

Notice to Candidate. The work you submit for assessment must be your own. If you copy from someone
else or allow another candidate to copy from you, or if you cheat in any other way, you may be disqualified.
Candidate Declaration. I have read and understood the Notice to Candidate and can confirm that
I have produced the attached work without assistance other than that which is acceptable under the scheme
of assessment.

Candidate
Signature

Mark

PSA
Task
Section A

Date
Section B

General Certificate of Education

Advanced Subsidiary Examination
June 2013

Chemistry
Unit 3T

TOTAL
ISA MARK
(max 50)

CHM3T/P13/test

AS Investigative Skills Assignment

Written Test
For submission by 15 May 2013
For this paper you must have:
l the Periodic Table/Data Sheet provided at the end of this paper
l your Task Sheet and your Candidate Results Sheet
l a ruler with millimetre measurements
l a calculator.

Time allowed
l 1 hour

Instructions
l Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
l Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
l Answer all questions.
l You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not
write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
l Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
want to be marked.

Information
l The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
l The maximum mark for this paper is 30.
l You are expected to use a calculator, where
appropriate.
l You will be marked on your ability to:
organise information clearly
use scientific terminology accurately.

Details of additional assistance (if any). Did the candidate receive any help or information in the production of this
work? If you answer yes give the details below or on a separate page.
Yes

No

Teacher Declaration:
I confirm that the candidates work was conducted under the conditions laid out by the specification. I have authenticated the
candidates work and am satisfied that to the best of my knowledge the work produced is solely that of the candidate.
Signature of teacher ................................................................................................................... Date ..........................................
As part of AQAs commitment to assist students, AQA may make your coursework available on a strictly anonymous basis to teachers,
examining staff and students in paper form or electronically, through the Internet or other means, for the purpose of indicating a typical mark
or for other educational purposes. In the unlikely event that your coursework is made available for the purposes stated above, you may
object to this at any time and we will remove the work on reasonable notice. If you have any concerns please contact AQA.
To see how AQA complies with the Data Protection Act 1988 please see our Privacy Statement at aqa.org.uk

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

CHM3T/P13/test

2
There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

Do not write
outside the
box

3
Section A
These questions are about the task, an investigation of the water of crystallisation in washing soda.
You should use your Task Sheet and your Candidate Results Sheet to answer these questions.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Record the average titre from your Candidate Results Sheet.

............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

The concentration of the hydrochloric acid used in the titration was 0.100 mol dm3.
Use your result from Question 1 to determine the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric
acid in the average titre.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

The equation for the reaction in the titration is

Na2CO3 + 2HCl

2NaCl + H2O + CO2

Use this equation and your answer to Question 2 to calculate the amount, in moles,
of sodium carbonate used in each titration.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
4

Use your answer to Question 3 to calculate the concentration, in mol dm3, of

sodium carbonate in solution Y.
Give your answer to the appropriate precision. Show your working.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

Turn over

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

4
5

Solution Y was made by dissolving 71.50 g of a sample of hydrated sodium carbonate

in deionised water and making up to 5.00 dm3 of solution.

5 (a)

Use your answer to Question 4 to calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of this
hydrated sodium carbonate.
Show your working.
(If you were unable to complete the calculation in Question 4, you may assume that
the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution was 0.0487 mol dm3. This is not
the correct value.)
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

5 (b)

The formula of the hydrated sodium carbonate can be represented as Na2CO3.xH2O

5 (b) (i)

Use your value of Mr from Question 5 (a) to calculate a value for x

Give your answer to one decimal place.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

5 (b) (ii) The Mr of Na2CO3.10H2O is 286.0

The maximum percentage error in the experiment that can be due to the apparatus is
1.0%. If the only error is apparatus error, calculate the minimum value of the
Mr of Na2CO3.10H2O that could be obtained from an experiment.
Use this minimum value of the Mr to calculate a minimum experimental value for x
Give your answer to one decimal place.
Minimum value of Mr .........................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Minimum value of x ...........................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

Do not write
outside the
box

Do not write
outside the
box

5
5 (c)

A similar titration was carried out with a different sample of pure washing soda that
had been stored for some time. A student obtained a value of 8.6 for the value of x.
The container from which the hydrated sodium carbonate was taken was labelled
Na2CO3.10H2O
Assume that the student carried out the titration and the calculation accurately. State
one reason why the number of moles of water of crystallisation is less than 10.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

Another student carried out the Task and obtained a set of concordant results even
though the procedure was not followed correctly. The student observed an immediate
red colour when the indicator was added in step 3 of the procedure. At the end of the
titration the correct orange solution was formed.

6 (a)

Give one possible reason for these observations.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

6 (b)

State how the results from this students experiment could be used to calculate the
relative formula mass of the hydrated sodium carbonate.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

Dilute solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are both classified as
irritants. State the essential safety precaution to be taken when using these irritants.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

15

Turn over

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

Do not write
outside the
box

6
Section B
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

There is another experimental method for determining the number of water molecules in the
formula of hydrated sodium carbonate. This method involves heating a sample to a temperature
higher than 300 C and recording the change in mass of the sample. The equation for the reaction
taking place is
Na2CO3.10H2O(s)
8

A group of six students carried out this experiment. They each weighed out a sample
of hydrated sodium carbonate. They then heated their sample to a temperature higher
than 300 C in a crucible for ten minutes and recorded the final mass after the crucible
had cooled. Their results are summarised in the table.
Student

8 (a)

Na2CO3(s) + 10H2O(g)

Initial mass / g

2.43

1.65

3.58

1.09

2.82

1.95

Final mass / g

0.90

0.61

1.53

0.40

1.15

0.72

Plot the values of Initial mass (y-axis) against Final mass on the grid opposite.
A graph of these results should include an additional point.
Draw a circle on the grid around the additional point that you should include. (4 marks)

8 (b)

Draw a best-fit straight line for these results that includes your additional point. (1 mark)

8 (c)

Identify each student whose experiment gave an anomalous result.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

8 (d)

All the students carried out the experiment exactly according to this method.
Explain why a student that you identified in Question 8 (c) obtained an anomalous
result.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

Do not write
outside the
box

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

Do not write
outside the
box

8
9

Sodium carbonate is manufactured by the Solvay Process.

The separate stages involved in this process are shown in this diagram.
Raw material
CO2

Raw
material
CaCO3

Reactor 1
Reaction at
1000 C

NaCl

Reactor 2
Reaction in
aqueous solution

CO2

NH4Cl

NH3

Reactor 3
Product
Reaction in
aqueous solution CaCl2

NaHCO3
CaO

Reactor 4
Reaction at
300 C
Product

9 (a)

CaO

Na2CO3

In Reactor 1, calcium carbonate is decomposed into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Despite no significant leakage of carbon dioxide from this decomposition, this part of
the process results in an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
State why this increase in carbon dioxide occurs.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

9 (b)

In Reactor 2, sodium chloride solution, carbon dioxide and ammonia react to form
sodium hydrogencarbonate and ammonium chloride.
Write an equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

Do not write
outside the
box

9
9 (c)

Use information from the diagram to deduce an equation for the reaction taking place
in Reactor 3.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

9 (d)

An equation for the overall reaction in the Solvay Process is

2NaCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)
9 (d) (i)

Na2CO3(s) + CaCl2(aq)

Calculate the percentage atom economy of this reaction to produce sodium carbonate.
Show your working.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

9 (d) (ii) State what could be done to improve the percentage atom economy of the Solvay
Process.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

9 (e)

Use information from the diagram to suggest why ammonia is not regarded as a raw
material in the Solvay Process.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

15
END OF QUESTIONS

Turn over

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

GCE Chemistry Data Sheet

10

WMP/Jun13/CHM3T/P13/test

(3)

89

actinium

90 103 Actinides

Lanthanides

88

87

* 58 71

Ra

radium

Fr

francium

57

[227]
Ac

56

[226]

55

[223]

La *

lanthanum

Ba

barium

Cs

caesium

39

138.9

38

137.3

37

132.9

104

rutherfordium

Rf

[267]

72

hafnium

Hf

178.5

40

Zr

zirconium

Sr

strontium

Rb

rubidium

91.2

yttrium

21

88.9

20

87.6

19

85.5

22

Ti

titanium

Sc

Ca

calcium

potassium

(4)

47.9

(5)

(6)

(7)
Mn

54.9

25

Tc

[98]

43

Pr

Ce

(8)

(9)

(10)

Pt

77

(11)

Sm

150.4

109

Pa
protactinium

91

Th

thorium

90

U
92

uranium

93

neptunium

Np

[237]

61

94

plutonium

Pu

[244]

62

60
238.0

59
231.0

58

78

Ds

[281]

Rg

[280]

79

gold

Au

197.0

47

silver

Ag

107.9

29

copper

Cu

63.5

95

americium

Am

[243]

63

europium

Eu

152.0

110

96

curium

Cm

[247]

64

gadolinium

Gd

157.3

111

meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium

Mt

[276]

platinum

Ir
iridium

195.1

46

palladium

Pd

106.4

28

nickel

Ni

58.7

192.2

45

rhodium

Rh

102.9

27

cobalt

Co

58.9

samarium

Pm

[145]

108

hassium

Hs

[270]

76

osmium

Os

190.2

44

ruthenium

Ru

101.1

26

iron

Fe

55.8

praseodymium neodymium promethium

232.0

cerium

144.2

140.9

140.1

Nd

107

bohrium

Bh

[272]

75

rhenium

Re

186.2

106

seaborgium

Sg

[271]

74

tungsten

183.8

42

molybdenum technetium

Mo

96.0

24

chromium manganese

Cr

52.0

105

dubnium

Db

[268]

73

tantalum

Ta

180.9

41

niobium

Nb

92.9

23

vanadium

50.9

(12)

97

berkelium

Bk

[247]

65

terbium

Tb

Ge

49

81

thallium

Tl

204.4

82

lead

Pb

207.2

50

tin

Sn

In
indium

118.7

32

germanium

114.8

31

gallium

Ga

14
72.6

13
69.7

83

bismuth

Bi

209.0

51

antimony

Sb

121.8

33

arsenic

As

15
74.9

phosphorus

31.0

nitrogen

14.0

(15)

84

polonium

Po

[209]

52

tellurium

Te

127.6

34

selenium

Se

16
79.0

sulfur

32.1

oxygen

16.0

(16)

85

astatine

At

[210]

53

iodine

126.9

35

bromine

Br

17
79.9

chlorine

Cl

35.5

fluorine

19.0

(17)

86

radon

Rn

[222]

54

xenon

Xe

131.3

36

krypton

Kr

18
83.8

argon

Ar

39.9

10

neon

Ne

2
20.2

Es

[252]

67

holmium

Ho

164.9

98

99

californium einsteinium

Cf

[251]

66

dysprosium

Dy

162.5

100

fermium

Fm

[257]

68

erbium

Er

167.3

101

mendelevium

Md

[258]

69

thulium

Tm

168.9

102

nobelium

No

[259]

70

ytterbium

Yb

173.1

103

lawrencium

Lr

[262]

71

lutetium

Lu

175.0

Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been reported but

not fully authenticated

158.9

80

mercury

Hg

200.6

48

cadmium

Cd

112.4

30

zinc

Zn

65.4

Si
silicon

aluminium

Al

6
28.1

27.0

atomic (proton) number

scandium

45.0

12

40.1

11

39.1

Mg

magnesium

Na

sodium

24.3

23.0

12.0
carbon

Be

beryllium

Li

lithium

10.8
boron

symbol

9.0

6.9

(14)

helium

(13)

(18)

hydrogen

4.0

He

1.0

name

relative atomic mass

(2)

(1)

Key

The Periodic Table of the Elements

11

Copyright 2012 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.