TAC Rules On Spray System
TAC Rules On Spray System
TAC Rules On Spray System
PREFACE
1. Reference is drawn to rule No. 16.6 i.e. Deluge installations of the
Committees Rules for Automatic Sprinkler Installations, 2nd Edition 1998.
2. In situations where Oil and Flammable Liquids are stored and/or used in such
quantities and in such a manner that the value of the standard sprinklers in
the event of fire is open to question, approved Medium and/or High Velocity
Sprayers may be employed in lieu of or in conjunction with sprinklers. These
rules are intended to provide a guide as to when such systems should be
installed, details of their design and performance.
3. For the first time, Tariff Advisory Committee has compiled these Rules. The
purpose of these Rules is to provide minimum requirements for fixed water
spray systems based upon good engineering practices. While formulating the
rules, due consideration has been shown to the International Standards.
4. The term Water Spray refers to the use of water in a form having a predetermined pattern, particle size, velocity and density discharged from
specifically designed nozzles or devices.
Water Spray systems are usually applied to special fire protection problems
since the protection can be specifically designed to provide for effective fire
control, extinguishments, prevention or exposure fire protection. These
systems may be independent of or supplementary to, other forms of
protection.
5. These rules are intended to cover water spray protection from fixed nozzles
only. The design of specific systems may vary considerably depending on the
nature of the hazard and basic purpose of protection. Because of these
variations and other environmental factors, the systems must be competently
designed, installed and maintained. The designer must thoroughly
understand the capabilities and limitations of the protection.
6. Water spray systems are most commonly used to protect processing blocks,
processing equipments, structures, flammable liquid and gas vessel, piping
and equipment such as transformers, oil switches and some combustible
solids, cable trays, cable rack etc.
7. High Velocity Nozzles can be expected to extinguish fires involving liquids
with flash points of 65o C (150o F), or higher and should be installed where
such flammable fluids constitute the hazard. For fluids flashing at below 65 o C
(150o F), extinguishments is always not possible or even desirable and for
these, Medium Velocity Water Sprayers need to be installed to provide
cooling, controlling the burning and/or exposure protection.
8. There are also limitations to the use of water spray systems such as slop-over
or frothing hazard where confined materials at a high temperature or having
a wide distillation range are involved. Similarly, water reacting chemicals
such as metallic sodium and calcium carbide etc. produce violent reaction or
liquefied gases at cryogenic temperature, which boil violently in contact with
water.
9. Experiments have proved that the rule for the exposure protection
contemplate emergency relieving capacity for vessels based upon a
maximum allowable heat input of 16,290 K.cal/hr./Sq.M (6,000
BTU/hour/Sq.ft.). In other words, it is expected that the heat input rate to the
contents of an unprotected tank will be reduced from in excess of 54,300
K.cal/hr/sq.M. (20,000 BTU/Hr./Sq.ft.) to something of the order of 16,290
K.cal/hr./sq.M) (6,000 BTU/hr./sq.ft.) for a water sprayed tank. Similarly, the
tank shell temperature which shall not preferably exceed 343 0 C (6500 F),
can be brought down to 1000 C (2120 F) by water spray system.
Definitions and terminology relating to the components of the water spray
systems are as follows:
a) WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
A special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable source of fire
protection water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific
water discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected.
The piping system is connected to the water supply through an
automatically actuated Deluge Valve, which initiates flow of water.
Automatic actuation is achieved by operation of automatic detecting
equipment installed alongwith water spray nozzles. There are two types of
systems namely High Velocity and Medium Velocity systems.
b) SPRAY NOZZLE
A normally open water discharging device which, when supplied with
water under pressure will distribute the water in a special, directional
pattern peculiar to the particular device.
Nozzles used for High Velocity Water Spray systems are called Projectors
and nozzles used for Medium Velocity Water Spray systems are called
Sprayers. Both these nozzles are made in a range of orifice sizes with
varying discharge angles so that discharge can be controlled for optimum
protection.
c) DELUGE VALVE
A quick opening valve, which admits water automatically to a system of
projectors or sprayers and is operated by a system of detectors and/or
sprinklers installed in the same areas as nozzles.
d) CONTROL OF BURNING
Application of water spray to equipment or areas where a fire may occur
to control the rate of burning and thereby limit the heat release from a fire
until the fuel can be eliminated or extinguishment effected.
e) EXPOSURE PROTECTION
Application of water spray to structures or equipment to limit absorption
of heat to a level which will minimise damage and prevent failure, whether
source of heat is external or internal.
f) IMPINGEMENT
The striking of a protected surface by water droplets issuing directly from
projectors and/or sprayers.
g) RUN DOWN
The downward travel of water along a surface caused by the momentum
of the water or by gravity.
h) SLIPPAGE
The horizontal component of the travel of water along the surface beyond
the point of contact, caused by the momentum of water.
i) INSULATED EQUIPMENT
Equipment, structures, vessels provided with insulation which for the
expected duration of exposure, will protect steel from exceeding a
temperature of 4540 C (8500 F) for structural members and 3430 C (6500
F) for vessels.
j) DENSITY
The unit rate of water application to an area or surface expressed in
litres/min/sq.m.
k) AUTOMATIC DETECTION EQUIPMENT
Equipment which will automatically detect one or more components
directly related to combustion such as heat, smoke, flame and other
phenomenon and cause automatic actuation of Alarm and protection
Equipment.
l) FIRE BARRIER
A fire barrier is a continuous wall or floor that is designed and constructed
to limit the spread of fire.
m) RANGE PIPES
Pipes on which sprinklers are attached either directly or through short arm
pipes, which do not exceed 300mm in length.
n) DISTRIBUTION PIPES
Pipes, which directly feed the range pipes.
+++++ ++
SECTION 1
PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF
1.1.1
1.1.2
Plans shall be clear, contain all required details including scale and point
of Compass and shall be dated.
1.1.3
Plans of new installations shall show the entire compound; all buildings
therein, with their door and window openings, and the boundary walls.
Buildings under construction and future extension envisaged shall be
indicated by dotted lines. Plans of extension to approved existing
installations need not show the rest of the compound but sufficient
details shall be given of the existing installations in correlation to the
extension, to enable the Committees Inspection Staff to check the plans
and offer comments. In case of storeyed buildings, drawings submitted
shall include plans of each storey together with sectional elevations.
1.1.4
1.1.5
Plans shall generally be prepared in accordance with IS: 696, shall not
exceed 850 x 1200 mm in size and shall be drawn to a scale of 1:500 or
1:1000. In the case of very large compounds with more than one risk, it
is advisable to submit separate plans for each risk with a key plan
showing the relative situation of the various risks etc. In the compound.
1.1.6
SIGNS
1.1.6.1 Pucca walls to be shown by double lines, doors and windows being
clearly marked (Figure 1)
1.1.6.2 Iron or other non-masonry walls to be shown by a thin line and nature of
construction indicated (Figure 2).
1.1.6.3 Perfect Party Walls to be indicated by the sign T at each end of the
wall, or have the letters P.P.W. alongside or across them at regular
intervals and marked in distinctive colour (Figure 3).
1.1.6.4
SFPD
DFPD
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.4
No discounts will be considered for a Spray System unless the same has
been hydraulically tested with trenches open atleast twice during the
course of installation by the Inspectorate of the Regional Office of the
Committee and found in order.
N.B.
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.2.8
1.2.9
1.2.11
Insurer and the insured are advised not to change block numbers as this
naturally affects the Regional Offices records and causes confusion. If
block numbers have to be changed, the concerned Regional Office of the
Committee shall be notified at once.
1.3
INSPECTION STAFF
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
WATER SUPPLIES
2.1.1
Water for the spray system shall be stored in any easily accessible
surface or underground lined reservoir or above ground tanks of steel,
concrete, or masonry.
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
Water for the system shall be free of particles, suspended matters etc.
and as far as possible, filtered water shall be used for the system.
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.2
PUMPS
2.2.1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.2.1.1 Pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purposes; be of a type
approved by the Committee, and shall be:a) Electric Motor driven centrifugal pumps Or
b) Compression ignition engine driven centrifugal pumps or
c) Vertical turbine submersible pumps.
In all the above cases, pumps shall be automatic in action.
2.2.1.2 Pumps shall be direct-coupled, except in the case of engine-driven
vertical turbine pumps wherein gear drives shall be used. Belt-driven
pumps shall not be accepted.
2.2.1.3 Parts of pumps like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring etc. shall be of
non-corrosive metal e.g. brass or bronze.
2.2.1.4 The pressure and flow required to supply the most unfavourable and
most favourable areas of operation shall be calculated. This calculated
flow demand shall be taken on the intercept of the water supply curve
with the most favourable demand curve. Characteristics of the pumps
along
with
hydraulic
pressure
loss
Overhead feeders to sub-station(s) supplying power to the fire pump(s) are not
permitted within a horizontal distance of:
a) 15m. of any process building/plant or tanks containing flammable
liquids.
or
2.2.2.11 The motor shall be of totally enclosed type or drip proof type, the
latter having their air inlets and outlets protected with meshed wire
panels to exclude rodents, reptiles and insects.
2.2.2.12 The motor(s) shall be wound for class B insulation, preferably for class
E - and the windings shall be vacuum impregnated with heat and
moisture resisting varnish and preferably glass fibre insulated to
withstand tropical conditions.
2.2.2.13 Motor(s) wound for high tension supplies shall have a suitable fixed
warming resistance to maintain the motor windings in a dry condition at
all times and particularly under monsoon conditions. The resistance
shall be connected to the lighting or other equivalent circuit.
2.2.2.14 Heating apparatus shall also be provided, when necessary, for medium
tension motor where they are located below ground level, in order to
maintain the motor windings in a dry condition. Adequate drainage
arrangements shall also be provided in the pump house in such cases.
2.2.2.15 The incoming cable to the fire pump room shall terminate in an
isolating switch fuse unit incorporating HRC fuses and where necessary
provided with a distribution system.
2.2.2.16 The starting switch gear for the fire pumps shall be suitable for direct
on line starting but other alternative arrangements are subject to prior
approval. It shall also incorporate an ammeter with a clear indication of
the motor full load current.
Note: Remote controlled starting arrangements are subject to prior
approval of the Committee.
2.2.2.17 Cables for motors and switch gears shall be armoured or be enclosed
in heavy gauge screwed steel conduit according to conditions.
2.2.2.18 It is recommended that equipment throughout be painted fire red
(shade no.536 as per IS:5) and suitably marked for identification.
2.2.2.18 Necessary spare parts including a set of fuses (in a glass fronted box)
shall be kept in readiness at all times in the pump house.
2.2.2.19 The wiring in all installations shall be done in accordance with the
Rules for the Electrical Equipment of Buildings issued by the Tariff
Advisory Committee.
2.2.3
water can be readily observed. The water in the closed circuit shall
be circulated by means of an auxiliary pump driven from the engine
and the capacity of the closed circuits shall not be less than that
recommended by the engine manufacturer. If the auxiliary pump is
belt driven there shall be multiple belts so that should half the belts
break, the remaining belts shall be capable of driving the pump.
c) a frame or engine mounted air cooled radiator with a multiple belts
driven fan from the engine. When half the belts are broken the
remaining belts shall be capable of driving the fan. The water in the
closed circuit shall be circulated by means of an auxiliary pump
driven by the engine and the capacity of the closed circuit shall be
not less than that recommended by the engine manufacturer.
d) direct air cooling of the engine by means of multiple belts driven fan.
When half the belts are broken the remaining belts shall be capable
of driving the fan.
NOTE: In case of systems described in (b) (c) and (d) above a failure
actuated audio-visual alarm shall be incorporated.
2.2.3.4 AIR FILTRATION
The air intake shall be fitted with the filter of adequate size to prevent
foreign matter entering the engine.
2.2.3.5 EXHAUST SYSTEM
The exhaust shall be fitted with a suitable silencer and the total
backpressure shall not exceed the engine makers recommendation.
When the exhaust system rises above the engine, means shall be
provided to prevent any condensate flowing into the engine.
2.2.3.6 ENGINE SHUT-DOWN MECHANISM
This shall be manually operated and return automatically to the starting
position after use.
2.2.3.7 FUEL SYSTEM
2.2.3.7.1
Fuel
The engine fuel oil shall be of quality and grade specified by engine
makers. There shall be kept on hand at all times sufficient fuel to run the
engine on full load for three hours, in addition to that in the engine fuel
tank.
2.2.3.7.2
Fuel Tank
Any valve in the fuel feed pipe between the fuel tank and the engine
shall be placed adjacent to the tank and it shall be locked in the open
position. Pipe joints shall not be soldered and plastic tubing shall not be
used.
2.2.3.7.4
Auxiliary Equipment
Starting Mechanism:
Provision shall be made for two separate methods of engine starting viz.
a)
Automatic starting by means of a battery powered electric starter
motor incorporating the axial displacement type of pinion, having
automatic repeat start facilities initiated by a fall in pressure in the
water supply pipe to the spray installation. The battery capacity shall
be adequate for ten consecutive starts without recharging with a cold
engine under full compression.
b)
Manual starting by :
i) Crank handle, if engine size permits
or
ii) Electric starter motor.
Note:The starter motor used for automatic starting may also be
used for manual starting provided there are separate batteries
for manual starting.
2.2.3.8 Battery Charging
The means of charging the batteries shall be by a 2-rate trickle charger
with manual selection of boost charge and the batteries shall be
charged in position. Where separate batteries are provided for
automatic and manual starting the charging equipment shall be capable
of trickle charging both the batteries simultaneously. Equipment shall be
provided to enable the state of charge of the batteries to be determined.
2.2.3.9 Tools
A standard kit of tools shall be provided with the engine and kept on
hand at all times.
2.2.3.10 Spare Parts
The following spare parts shall be supplied with the engine and kept on
hand.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
2.3
DETECTION SYSTEM
Detection systems are designed to detect one or more of three
characteristics of a Fire, i.e. smoke, heat and radiation. No one type of
detector is most suitable for all applications and final choice will depend
on individual circumstances.
In any automatic fire detection system, a detector has to discriminate
between a fire and the normal environmental conditions. The overall
objective of the system is intended not only to enable a fire to be
detected at an early stage of its occurrence but also to extinguish the
fire without extensive property damage.
In case of water spray systems, detection systems are required for
activating the Deluge system for the following applications: a) General Area Protection (indoors)
b) Horizontal and Vertical vessels (outdoors)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.3.1.1 The sprinkler piping shall not be less than 25 mm diameter anywhere.
2.3.1.2 The total pipeline volume shall not be less than 10 Litres. (0.01m 3)
2.3.1.3 The pressure in the detection system shall, in no case, exceed 3.5 bars.
2.3.1.4 The detection piping shall slope to drain at least 1 in 250 with drain
valves provided at the lowest point.
2.3.1.5 For pneumatic separate air compressor shall be provided for the
detection system. The air compressor shall be installed in the Fire pump
room. Where it is not possible, the air compressor room shall be
separated from the occupancies adjoining therewith as per rule 2.2.1.12
above.
2.3.1.6 Wherever possible in case of pneumatic systems stand-by air
compressor may be installed or supplies from process and utility
compressors may be connected as an alternate supply to the detection
system.
2.3.1.7 As far as possible, the detection piping shall be run alongside the
underground spray mains but run independently of other pipes, either
underground or aboveground. The piping shall be suitably protected
against impact damage in the case of the latter.
2.3.1.8 The detection piping shall not traverse underneath or through any
Working/Storage blocks or Tank farms/Materials stored in open.
PIPING
2.4.1.1 The pipe used in the water spray system (from Pump House upto the
deluge valve) shall be laid underground or in masonry culverts with
removable covers of incombustible construction and shall be of any one
of the following types: a) Cast iron double flanged Class A pipes conforming to the following
standards:
i)
ii)
iii)
IS:7181
IS:1537
IS:1536
FITTINGS
DELUGE VALVES
A Deluge system is a fixed fire protection system, which totally floods an
area with pressurised water through a system of piping with open
nozzles and/or sprinklers. The system piping is empty until the
Controlling valve is activated by a pneumatic or other types of release
systems. Such controlling valves which are quick opening in nature are
called Deluge Valves. The Deluge Valve Assembly consists mainly of
the following :a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
In line Strainer
Isolation Valve
Deluge Valve
Actuator/Pilot assembly
Drain Valve
Pressure Gauges (above and below the Deluge Valve)
Alarm assembly (Consisting of gong or sounder)
REQUIREMENTS OF INSTALLATION
a) Deluge Valve shall be installed outside of but adjacent to the
protected area as close to the risk as possible but at not less than 6M
from the plant and/or equipment to be protected.
b) Masonry enclosures shall be provided around the deluge valve in the
form of Barrier walls in such a way that the valve is not exposed to
any impact due to flying bodies or projectiles from the plant and/or
equipment in the vicinity and also for weather protection.
c) Isolating valves shall be provided below the Deluge Valves to enable
servicing thereof and cleaning strainers at regular intervals.
d) Isolating valves shall provided above the Deluge valve in addition, for
testing purposes.
e) The isolating valves shall be strapped and locked in Open position
by leather straps or nylon chains and pad-locks under normal
operating condition.
f) Emergency Manual override facility shall be provided for actuating
the Deluge Valve.
g) It is permissible to provide a manually operated bypass line with an
isolating valve for emergency requirements. Such valves shall always
be kept locked in Closed position.
h) The load on the Deluge valve shall not exceed the limits mentioned
below :-
i)
j)
k)
l)
VALVE SIZE IN MM
LPM
150 mm
100 mm
80 mm
13,500
5,000
1,150
2.6
DRAINAGE
Where the hazard is low, the clear space is adequate and the degree of
protection required is not great, grading is acceptable. Where these
conditions are not present, consideration shall be given to dikes,
trenches or underground or enclosed drains.
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
3.1
INTRODUCTION
As already explained in the Preface, High Velocity water spray systems
are installed to extinguish fires involving liquids with flash points of 65 0
C (1500 F) or higher. Three principles of extinguishment are employed in
the system - emulsification, cooling and smothering. The result of
applying these principles is to extinguish the fire within a few seconds.
For more details, attention is drawn to Section 6 of the Rules.
This section provides Rules and guidelines for the protection of the
following.
a) Transformers, oil filled equipments of power stations
b) Turbo-alternators and other
c) Oil fired boiler rooms, oil quenching tanks.
3.2
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
3.2.1
GENERAL
10
20
30
45
60
110
150
220
400
MINIMUM DISTANCE
OF INSTALLATION
SUBJECT TO OVER
VOLTAGES
(MM)
MINIMUM DISTANCE OF
INSTALLATIONS
PROTECTED AGAINST
OVER VOLTAGES OR
CONNECTED TO CABLES
(MM)
150
215
325
520
700
1100
1550
2200
3500
150
160
270
380
520
950
1350
1850
3000
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.3.1 Transformers shall be protected using rings of nozzles there around with
the top of the transformer and subsequently rings for every 3M from top
6.0 M
8.0 M
10.0 M
12.5 M
15.0 M
3.2.3.6.2.6
3.2.3.6.2.7
3.2.4
Miscellaneous protection
High velocity water spray systems are also provided for the protection of
following areas in Power Stations:
a) Burners, Air preheating systems, Lubricating oil systems.
b) Hydrogen cooling and seal oil systems.
SECTION - 4
MEDIUM VELOCITY WATER- SPRAY SYSTEM
4.1
INTRODUCTION
4.1.1
4.1.2
This section provides Rules and guidelines for the protection of the
following areas by Medium Velocity Water Spray system:
a) General Area Protection
(For example: - working plants like LPG bottling plants, chemical
plants where flammable solvents are stored and/or used etc..)
b) Horizontal storage vessels (for example LPG Bullets etc.)
c) Vertical storage vessels (for example - Benzene, Xylene, Toluene
tankage).
d) Spherical storage vessels (for example LPG bullets, spheres etc.)
e) Spot protection (protection of selective areas/equipments)
4.2
Water Supplies
Pumping Capacity
To determine the actual pumping capacity required for the system,
individual demands of various detached blocks within the risk shall be
determined based on the design details given in the following
sections. The pumping capacity required shall be equivalent to the
highest of the demands thus calculated.
4.3
4.4.1
DEFINITION
A process plant where flammable liquids are contained in vessels
and/or pipes forming a large or small complex of the plant either in a
room or outdoors or under a roof with open sides would be classified
as a General area. A plant wherein more than 1000 litres of
flammable liquids/solvents are stored in small containers would also
be classified as a General area
4.4.2
GENERAL INFORMATION
The density of water application shall depend upon the type of
flammable liquids handled in the plants and also upon the object of
protection and site conditions. The examples include:a) Controlled burning of spilt liquid.
b) Exposure protection of plant and its structure.
c) Ceiling height of the risk.
d) Area of the fire involved and
e) Type of containers holding the flammable liquid.
4.4.3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.4.3.1
4.4.3.2
If the ceilings or roofs are of either A.C. sheet or G.I. sheet and the like
or combustible materials, additional open type sprinklers shall be
provided exclusively to protect them with a degree of wetting.
4.4.3.3
Where the height of ceiling/roof of the plant exceeds 13M from the
flooring below, conventional open type sprinklers shall be employed
instead of sprayers.
4.4.3.4
4.4.3.5
If there are obstructions extending below the ceiling sprayers and they
are more than 1 M in width, underneath of such obstructions shall be
protected by local sprayers.
4.4.3.6
4.4.3.7
4.4.3.8
Plan and sectional views of the risk floor wise showing the
dimensions of the block, equipment lay-out, nature of floors/roof,
minimum and maximum ceiling height etc.,
ii)
vi) Separate drawing showing the various nodes only, for hydraulic
calculation.,
vii) Characteristic curves of sprayers and sprinklers showing their
pattern, orifice size, K factor, Spray angle, discharge in LPM etc.,
viii) Full details of the liquid handled indicating their Quantity, chemical
properties etc.,
ix) Upto-date block plan showing clearly the distances between
various blocks, underground tank, mains and their size, detector
mains, deluge valves, Pump house, water reservoir etc.,
x)
The density of water application depends upon the flash point of the
liquids handled and also the ceiling height of the risk. The correct rate
of density shall be derived from Figure - 9.
NOTE: The ceiling height to be used in determining the density shall
be the minimum distance between the floor level of the
plant and the ceiling.
4.4.4.2
The density obtained as above shall be loaded by the fire area factor
{[b(a+b)]/900} + 0.33 where a is the longer side and b is the
shorter side of the fire area measured in metres. If the risk is circular
in shape a may be treated equal to b and same if it is square. If it is
rectangular and a is more than 3b, it shall be taken as equal to 3b
irrespective of the dimensions.
NOTE 1: If the factor calculated is less than 1, the same may be taken
as 1.
NOTE 2: After loading the basic density with the fire area factor, if the
density works out to be greater than that of close control
needs, the same may be taken as that of the latter.
4.4.5
4.4.5.1
4.4.5.2
There shall be atleast one sprayer to each 9 M 2 area of the floor of the
risk.
4.4.5.3
4.4.5.4
The distance between the last sprayer and the external wall or limits of
the area shall not exceed 1.5 M anywhere.
4.4.5.4.1 The sprayer piping shall be installed along the slope of the roof (in case
of sloping roof) but the sprayers shall discharge water on the risk in a
vertical pattern.
4.4.5.5
Equipment Protection
a) If the tops of the vessels are more than 5 M below the ceiling
and/or platform, individual
local protection shall be provided
by sprayers at a density of not less than 10.2 LPM/M 2 to cover top
and sides thereof.
b) Any obstructions below the ceiling sprayers if exceeding 1 M in
width, shall be protected underneath by individual sprayers at the
same density.
c) Similarly, undersurface of vessels and equipment if raised 300 mm
above the floor level shall be wetted by individual sprayers at the
same density.
d) Pumps, valves and manifolds etc.., shall be totally wetted by
individual sprayers at the same density.
4.4.6.4
Roof protection
a) To provide wetting for the roof, conventional open type sprinklers shall
be installed in such a way that there is at least one sprinkler for every
9 M2 area of the roof.
b) Lay out of such sprinklers shall be in accordance with those for
sprayers as stated in Rules 4.4.5.2 and 4.4.5.3 above.
c) Sprinklers shall be installed normal to the roof and piping shall be laid
along the roof (in case of sloping roof).
4.4.7 PIPING AND SUPPORTS
4.4.7.1 Sprayer and sprinkler pipes shall be supported from the building
structure which itself shall be capable of supporting the water filled pipe
work and shall not impair the performance of sprayers/sprinklers under
fire condition.
4.4.7.2 Pipe-work shall not be used to support any other loads except where
primary support is designed for the suspension of piped services.
4.4.7.3 Distribution pipes shall not be supported from ceiling or cladding or
from any other associated suspension systems.
4.4.7.4 Pipes below obstructions such as duct work shall be either supported
from the building structure or from the steel members supporting such
obstructions. Such members shall be capable of supporting the weight of
water filled pipes too.
4.4.7.5
4.4.7.6 The supports on which the pipe work rests shall be secured firmly in
position.
4.4.7.7
The thickness of all parts of pipe supports shall not be less than 3 mm.
4M
6M
6.5 M
b)
c)
2.
b)
The pipe run connecting the distribution pipe and the first
sprayer/sprinkler on the range pipe.
c) The first support on a range pipe shall not be more than 2 M from
the distribution pipe.
d) The last support on a range pipe shall not be more than 1.5 M
from
1.
2.
3.
4.4.7.13 Welded joints shall not be permitted for pipes and fittings of less than
50 mm dia.
4.4.7.14 Outgoing mains from the deluge valve to the system shall be
supported at every 3.5 M of its run.
4.4.8
4.4.8.1
HYDRAULICS
For the protection of large areas, it is permissible to divide the risk into
several zones of not less than 6 M in width and all zones in plan view
of the risk falling within 6 M from any point within a zone shall operate
simultaneously.
Note: In order to provide protection against exposure hazard from
the other detached block(s) in the vicinity, reference shall be
made to the Regional Office of the Committee.
4.4.8.2
150
100
80
13,500
5,000
1,150
4.4.8.3
4.4.8.4
4.4.8.5
4.4.9
Detection System
4.4.9.1
4.4.9.2
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
b)
Site plan showing the location of all vessels, their spacing etc.
c)
d)
e)
f)
4.5.2.1
The complete exposed area of the horizontal storage vessel shall need
to be protected at a uniform density of water application.
4.5.2.2
Note 2: Where Tankage area is not provided with bund walls, product
pipes within 15 M of tank shell shall be protected by the
sprayers.
Note 3: Also other occupancies such as pump house, loading shed,
etc. falling within 15m. of the tank shell shall be protected by
the sprayers.
4.5.2.3
4.5.2.4
The sprayers shall not be less than 6 mm in orifice size and shall
normally have cone angles between 60oand 125o.
Note: Sprayers with cone angles below 60 o are permissible for local
protections such as supporting legs, protuberances etc.
4.5.2.5
Minimum and maximum pressures in the network shall be 1.4 bars and
3.5 bars respectively.
4.5.2.6
4.5.2.7
4.5.2.8
4.5.2.9
Vessels shall be spaced at more than 15M from each other. In such
cases, the water demand for the largest vessel shall determine the
pumping and water requirements. If this is contravened, the aggregate
water demand for all such vessels falling within the prescribed distance
of each other shall be the determining factor.
4.5.3
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.5.3.1
Density of discharge
Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 10.2 lpm/M 2 of the
exposed area of the vessel. The supporting legs and product pipes
within the bund shall also receive water at the same density.
Note 1:Supporting steel members need not be protected if they are
300 mm or shorter in height.
Note 2: Where Tankage area is not provided with bund walls, product
pipes within 15 M of tank shell shall be protected by the
sprayers.
Note 3: Where high wind velocity is expected, for example, near
seacoasts, the sprayers protecting the tankages shall be
necessarily installed at 0.45m from the surface of the vessels.
4.5.3.2
Distribution of Sprayers
ANGLE
(in deg)
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
0.55
0.45
0.90
1.00
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.35
1.45
1.60
1.70
1.85
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.65
0.80
0.85
0.90
1.00
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.35
1.45
1.60
1.70
1.90
2.05
2.25
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.90
1.00
1.05
1.15
1.20
1.30
1.45
1.55
1.70
1.90
4.5.3.3.1
4.5.3.3.2
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.4.1
4.5.3.4.2
4.5.3.5
4.5.3.5.1
4.5.3.5.2
4.5.3.5.3
4.5.3.6
4.5.3.7
4.5.3.8
Spacing of sprayers for product pipes within the bund shall not exceed
3M and sprayers shall be at a distance of not more than 800 mm from
the pipes.
4.5.4
4.5.4.1
The main feed pipes from the deluge valve feeding the network
shall be supported at every 3.5 M. of its run.
4.5.4.2
4.5.4.3
4.5.4.4
Where it is not possible to independently support the protection pipework, support can be arranged from the protected vessel if plate
thickness of the vessel is adequate. In such case, rubber or plastic
to
4.5.4.6
The sprayers in the bottom ring shall point 45 o upwards and water in
the pipe-work shall never drain through the sprayers.
4.5.4.7
Where vertical feed pipes are used for supporting the network the
pipes shall be braced together suitably at mid-heights to prevent
buckling.
4.5.4.8
4.5.4.9
4.5.4.10
4.5.5
Pipe-work Hydraulics
4.5.5.1
TOP RING
The size of pipe shall be as indicated in Table - 2, provided the
discharge from all sprayers between adjacent vertical feed pipes does
not exceed the rates given in the Table.
TABLE 2
Nominal diameter of pipe
mm
25
32
40
LPM
0 to 100
Upto 160
Above 100
Upto 250
Above 160
BOTTOM RING
The size of pipe shall be as indicated in Table - 3, provided the
discharge from all sprayers in one module of not more than 10 M long
on top, bottom and through any drain points, does not exceed the
rates given in the Table.
TABLE 3
b)
LPM
260
440
680
mm
25
32
40
104
0
50
180
0
65
270
0
80
Upto
Above
Above
Above
3.0
3.0 and upto 4.5
4.5 and upto 6.0
6.0 and upto 8.0
d)
NOMINAL DIAMETER OF
SUPPORT
AND FEED PIPE (MM)
40
50
65
80
4.5.5.2
4.5.5.2.1 If pre-calculated system is not followed, the system shall be so
designed that the hydraulically most un-favourable sprayer operates at
a pressure of not less than 1.4 bars and the most favourable sprayer at
a pressure of not more than 3.5 bars.
Note: - Refer item C above.
4.5.5.2.2 Detailed hydraulic calculations shall be submitted in support of the
above.
4.5.5.3
4.5.6
4.5.5.2
4.5.6.2
4.5.6.3
The detectors shall be located at not more than 1 M from the shell.
4.5.6.4
4.5.6.5
Detectors shall be so positioned that they will not interfere with the
spray pattern of the sprayers anywhere.
4.5.6.6
One central row of detectors shall be allowed for two vessels with
longitudinal axes parallel provided, Rule 4.5.6.3 above is not
contravened. However, the vessels concerned shall be wetted
simultaneously during a fire.
4.6
4.5.5
4.6.2
GENERAL
4.6.2.1
The complete exposed area of the vertical storage vessel shall need to
be protected at a uniform density of water application.
4.6.2.2
It is also necessary to protect the product pipes within the bund area
(if provided) by sprayers.
Note 1: Where tankage area is not provided with bund walls, product
pipes within 15 M of tank shell shall be protected by the
sprayers.
Note 2: Also other occupancies such as pump house, loading shed,
etc. falling within 15m of the tank shell shall be protected by
the sprayers.
4.6.2.3
4.6.2.4
The conical/flat roof shall also be protected by water spray system. For
this purpose, sprayers shall be connected through an explosion relief
valve assembly, which enables sprayer piping on the top of the
vessels to be blown off in the event of an explosion without
obstructing the sprayers cooling the vertical sides.
4.6.2.5
Vertical mains shall be solely used as feeder mains only and sprayers
shall be installed on the horizontal rings.
4.6.2.6
The sprayers shall not be less than 6 mm in orifice and shall normally
have cone angles between 60 o and 125o for vertical sides. For the
conical roof/flat roof, wider angle sprayers with higher K factor is
recommended to reduce the number of sprayers and consequently the
weight of piping over the tank.
Note: Sprayers with cone angles less than 60 o are permissible for
local protection such as protuberances.
4.6.2.7
4.6.2.8
4.6.2.9
4.6.2.10
Vessels shall be located in individual dykes and spaced 15M (or the
diameter of the largest tank if the same is more than 15M) apart. In
such cases, the water requirement of the largest vessel shall
determine the pumping and storage requirements. However, if a
number of tanks are located in a common dyke, the tanks located in a
common dyke which have the largest aggregate shell surface area
shall determine the pumping and storage requirements. In case of
tanks located in separate dykes, but within a distance of 15M (or
diameter of the larger tank is less than 15M) of each other, the shell
surface area of all such tanks shall determine the pumping and
storage requirements.
Note : In case occupancies like pump house, loading sheds, etc. exist
within 15m (or the diameter of the largest tank as the case
may be) of the vessels, such occupancies shall also be
protected by sprayers.
4.6.3
System Design
4.6.3.1
Density of Discharge
Water shall be applied at a rate of not less than 10.2 LPM/M 2 of the
exposed area of the tank shell and the roof. The product pipes within
the bund shall also receive water at this density.
Note 1: Supporting legs if any, shall also receive water at the same
density irrespective of whether they are insulated or not.
Note 2: Refer Rule 4.6.2.2.
4.6.3.2
Distribution of Sprayers
a) Sprayers shall be spaced at not more than 2.5 M in the rings when
measured along the curved surface of the vessels.
b) There shall be a ring for every 3.5 M height of the shell.
c) Sprayers in each successive ring shall be staggered for better
coverage.
d) Sprayers protecting the roof must be located in such a way that the
extremities of their spray pattern shall atleast meet.
e)
f)
4.6.4
4.6.4.1
The main feed pipes from the deluge valve feeding the network shall
be supported at every 3.5 M of its run.
4.6.4.2
The number of vertical feeders for the sprayer network depends upon
the size of the vessel and its height. As a good practice, minimum of
two such feeders shall be provided. However, for the vessels less than
10 M diameter and height, one feeder shall be accepted.
4.6.4.3
The top ring shall be installed just below the top of the vessel and the
bottom ring shall be installed at not more than 2M from the ground
level.
4.6.4.4
4.6.4.5
The sprayers at the bottom ring shall point slightly upwards and water
in the pipe work shall never drain through the sprayers.
4.6.4.6
4.6.5
Hydraulics
4.6.5.1
favourable sprayer and not more than 3.5 bars at the hydraulically
most favourable sprayer in the network.
4.6.5.2
The velocity in the feeder pipes shall not exceed 5 M/Sec when
sprayers discharge at their nominal rates.
4.6.5.3
4.6.5.4
4.6.5.5
4.6.6
Detection System
4.6.6.1
4.6.6.2
4.6.6.3
4.6.6.4
The detectors shall be located at not more than 1 M from the shell.
4.6.6.5
4.6.6.6
4.7
4.7.1
General
4.7.1.1
4.7.1.2
4.7.1.3
4.7.1.4
The sprayers shall not be less than 6mm in orifice size and shall
normally have cone angles between 60 0 and 1250 for the spherical
surface.
4.7.1.5
Minimum and maximum pressures in the network shall be 1.4 bars and
3.5 bars respectively.
4.7.1.6
4.7.1.7
4.7.1.8
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.7.2.1
Density of Discharge
Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 10.2 lpm/m 2 of the
exposed area of the sphere. The supporting legs and the product pipes
within the bund area shall also receive water at the same density.
Where bund is not provided, the product pipelines upto a distance of
15 M from the surface of the sphere, shall receive water at the same
density.
Note: If the supporting legs are encased with 50mm thick RCC, the
water density therefore can be reduced to 5.1 lpm/m 2.
4.7.2.2
Pipe Support
4.7.3.1
The pipe work on the top of hemisphere of the vessel shall rest on the
surface and an adequate number of support points shall be required to
distribute the weight uniformly on the surface.
4.7.3.2
4.7.3.3
4.7.3.4
4.7.4
Detection System
4.7.4.1
4.7.4.3
The detector shall, in any case, be installed at not more than 300mm
from the surface protected.
4.7.4.4
Detector shall also be installed near the product pipes within the bund
area at every 2.5 m and where no bund is provided the detectors shall
be installed upto 15 m from the shell surface of the sphere.
4.8
4.8.1
General
Where cable fires are concerned, the greatest hazard usually arises
from the effects of fire on the Power Station plant. However, a feature
of practically all cable fires has been that several units, if not the
whole station, has been seriously affected by a single fire. A major
portion of cable fire incidents stem from external sources such as
combustion of un-cleaned flammable debris, accumulation of P.V.C.
tailing ends, cardboard packages and from uncontrolled spillages and
over-spray of fuel and lubricating oils.
PVC is not readily flammable but will burn freely in temperature
conditions high enough to bring the plasticisers into a volatile state.
Burning P.V.C. produces copious quantities of dangerous hydrochloride
toxic gases, which are heavier than air and tend to form layers at
lower levels. These gases are corrosive and present a major toxic
hazard to operating and fire fighting personnel. When P.V.C. is burnt,
heavy black smoke, mostly consisting of carbon particles is given off
which could affect electrical equipment some distance from the fire
and there is some evidence that PVC smoke can de-sensitise smoke
detectors of ionisation chamber type.
Cables are normally protected such that they do not catch fire if
electrical faults develop in them. However, the energy released when
a fault occurs in a cable may ignite other combustible materials in the
vicinity thereof.
4.8.2
Design density
Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 12.2 LPM/M 2 of the
exposed area of the cable racks.
Note: For the purpose of the above, three cable trays of a rack shall
be reckoned as a single tray unless the trays are not of the
same width in which case the area of the widest tray shall be
taken.
4.8.3
Pressure requirement
4.8.4.1
4.8.4.2
The distance between walls and/or limits of the protection shall not
exceed 1.5 m.
4.8.4.3
Where the distance between two rows of sprayers above the aisles
exceeds 4M, additional row of sprayers shall be provided to between.
4.8.4.4
Where the height of the cable trays (ie distance between topmost and
bottom tray) exceeds 2.5 m, sprayers shall be provided at lower level
in accordance with the Rules above.
4.8.5
4.8.5.1
4.8.5.2
4.8.5.3
4.8.5.4
4.8.6
4.8.6.1
4.8.6.2
4.8.7
Detection system
As the cable galleries and tunnels are normally unmanned, it is
imperative that a quicker detection is mandatory to ensure
CONVEYORS
4.9.1
General
Fires on conveyors are infrequent but the fire potential is considerable.
In incidents, which have occurred, the damage has been severe,
particularly where conveyor fires have reached and enveloped the
destination e.g. Boiler house coal bunkers as in case of thermal power
stations. The design of conveyors is that the wind tunneling or
chimney effect is an inherent feature on inclined conveyors and this
causes rapid spread of fire through the conveyors.
The major risk of fire is, for example, from the ignition of coal dust and
deposits in case of Thermal Power stations, on the internal surface,
walkways etc., of the conveyors or from the conveyor belt. Fire caused
by friction of a defective part such as jammed roller, idlers resulting in
subsequent localised overheating of the belt. Thus fires in the
conveyors may arise from either of two main causes a) Failure of part of the mechanism, usually on the idler or pulley can
lead to localised overheating of the belt and eventually to ignition
of the combustible dust or conveyor belt.
b) From the ignition of a quantity of split combustible dust either by
self-ignition or other causes.
Should the belt catch fi re, it can spread the fi re rapidly to
other areas. Certain fi res generate a large volume of smoke
particularly when the fi re is in an advanced state, conveyors
can be protected by Automatic sprinkler system installation or
Medium Velocity Water Spray System with L.H.S. cables,
sprinkler bulbs, thermocouples etc., The following section
covers rules for Water Spray System only.
4.9.2
Design density
Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 10.2 lpm/m 2 of the
exposed area of the conveyor.
4.9.3
Pressure requirement
A minimum pressure of 1.4 bars shall be achieved at the hydraulically
remotes sprayer. However, pressure at the hydraulically favourable
sprayer shall not exceed 3.5 bars.
4.9.4
4.9.4.1
The sprayers shall be installed in rows at the ceiling level above the
centre of each conveyor belt and spaced at not more than 4M.
4.9.4.2
The distance between walls and/or limits of the protection shall not
exceed 2 m.
4.9.4.3
Where the distance between two rows of sprayers above the centre of
belts exceeds 4 m, additional rows shall be provided in between.
4.9.4.4
Sprayers shall be provided for the protection of the bottom side of the
conveyors and these shall be spaced at 4 m on either side of the
conveyor. Staggering of sprayers is recommended.
4.9.5
4.9.5.1
4.9.5.2
4.9.5.3
4.9.5.4
4.9.6
4.9.6.1
4.9.6.2
4.9.7
Detection system
SECTION - 5
5.1
5.1.1
All new system piping upto the deluge valve shall be hydrostatically
tested to a pressure equivalent to 150% of the designed head of the
fire pump and the system shall be capable of withstanding that
pressure for at least 2 hours.
Note:
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.1.8
The discharge pressure at the highest, most remote nozzle and the
lowest nozzle close to the deluge valve shall be measured which
should be within the designed limits of the system. For this purpose
provisions shall be made for test gauges at appropriate places.
5.1.9
The proper functions of the alarm gong associated with the deluge
valve and its level of audibility shall be checked. An audibility level of
85 db above the background noise level is recommended.
5.2
5.2.1
General
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.2
5.2.1.3
5.2.1.4
At least once a week the system shall be visually checked and the
reading of various pressure gauges of each deluge valve installations
shall be recorded.
5.2.1.5
A trained pump man shall be available on all shifts and at all hours to
operate the pump or whenever required.
5.2.2
5.2.2.1
It shall be ensured that fire water tank reservoirs are always full and
free from any foreign materials. The water level shall be recorded
weekly.
5.2.2.2
5.2.3
Fire Pumps
5.2.3.1
All the fire pumps shall be run at least 5 minutes everyday. During
testing water level of priming tank, delivery pressures of pumps,
speed, and also other parameters are to be checked and recorded.
5.2.3.2
5.2.3.3
The bearing grease caps shall be checked once every week and
refilled with fresh grease, if necessary.
5.2.3.4
5.2.3.5
5.2.3.6
5.2.4
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.2
5.2.4.3
5.2.4.4
5.2.4.5
5.2.4.6
5.2.4.7
5.2.4.8
5.2.4.9
5.2.4.10
5.3
ACTIVITIES
DURATION
1. Reservoir
Level checking
Clearing
Weekly
Once in two years
2. Pump
Running test
Test flow
Lubrication
G1and packing
Overhaul
Daily 5 minutes
Annually
Quarterly
Weekly
Once in two years
3. Engine
Running
Lubrication
Battery
Load test
Overhaul
Fuel tank check
4. Motor
Status weekly
Annually
Once in two years
Daily
Lubrication
Weekly
Starter contact checking Weekly
insulation
resistance Half yearly
check
5. Main piping
Flushing
Gauge pressure
6. Sluice valves
Operation
Gland packing
Lubrication
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
7. Deluge valves
Operation
Alarm check
Overhaul
Cleaning
Weekly
Weekly
Annually
Quarterly
8. Sprayers
Cleaning
Flow test
Quarterly
Quarterly
9. Detectors
Performance
Six monthly
10.Spray installation
Performance
Quarterly
Physical check up of Monthly
piping for seeing dislocation
of
support,
wrong orientation, overloading etc
11.Pressure gauges
Calibration
12.Painting
Painting
of
inst-allation
5.4
Annually
entire Every two years
Date
Location
Name of Owner and Occupant
Building or Plant Unit Number
Description of Hazard
Name and Address of Contractor
Design Purpose (Type of System)
Minimum Rate of Water Application.
9.
SECTION - 6
GENERAL INFORMATION
6.1
6.1.1
GENERAL INFORMATION
6.1.1.1
The High Velocity Water Spray System has been developed for the
extinguishment of oil fines, and it introduces an entirely new principle
in fire extinguishment. It is employed to bring about a fundamental
change in the nature of the inflammable liquid, which is converted
temporarily into an emulsion, which cannot burn.
6.1.1.2
6.1.1.3
6.1.1.4
When water is applied to an oil fire the conditions are different. All oils
are water repellent, and they cannot be wetted. Therefore, the cooling
action of water applied in, say, the form of a jet, is negligible. When
water is discharged as a low-pressure spray on to an oil fire the
cooling effect is small. Actually, the heating effect of the water so that
the temperature of the oil continues to increase and the only effect of
the water discharge is to accelerate the rate of burning.
6.1.2
EXTINGUISHMENT
6.1.2.1
6.1.2.2
6.1.2.3
6.1.2.4
6.1.3
EMULSIFICATION
6.1.3.1
It should be realised that emulsions of oil and water have long been
know and are in widespread every-day use. The most common
examples are cod-liver oil and halibut oil emulsions, milk, butter,
margarine, liquid paraffin, brilliantine and salad cream. These are all
stable emulsions and contain additional substances called stabilizers
or dispersators to preserve the condition.
6.1.3.2
6.1.3.3
There are two types of emulsion. That which is produced with the
emulsifier system is always of the non-burning, oil-in-water type. The
reverse type of emulsion, the water-in-oil variety, can only be made
when an oil soluble dispersator has previously been dissolved in the
oil. Such dispersators are not present in commercial oils, so the waterin-oil type of emulsion cannot be formed in the process of fire
extinguishment by the High Velocity system. This point is important,
because the water-in-oil type emulsion will burn unless, by the use of
an ample quantity of a strong distributor, a large volume of water is
dispersed in a small volume of oil. With such an abnormal type of
water-in-oil emulsion, fitful burning for a brief period may occur, but
the fire quickly goes out as a consequence of the overwhelming action
of so much water in the presence of so little oil.
6.1.4
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
6.1.4.1
The High Velocity Water Spray System is effective against fires of all
flammable liquids, which are not miscible with water. The following are
the most important in every-day use: a) Liquids which emulsify readily and form fairly stable emulsion: Mineral Oils
Lubricating oil, transformer oil, switch oil, diesel engine oil, gas oil,
and boiler fuel oil.
Vegetable Oils
Turpentine, cotton seed oil, Soya been oil, linseed oil, castor oil,
olive oil, coconut oil.
Animal Oils
Whale oil, cod-liver oil, and halibut oil.
b) The High Velocity Water Spray system has been installed
extensively to protect Paint and Varnish Processes, vegetable
oil extraction plants, oil refineries and waterproofing factories.
c) The greatest scope of application is in Electricity Generating
Stations and Distribution Stations, for the protection of oil filled
LIMITATIONS
6.1.5.1
With the High Velocity Water Spray System, fires of all light mineral
spirits such as petrol, paraffin, benzene and white spirit can be
extinguished, but whereas the emulsions formed with the heavier oils
persist for sometime, those formed with the light spirits are transient.
For this reason, complete extinguishment of the light mineral spirit
cannot be assured unless the whole of the burning surface is brought
under simultaneous bombardment from the projectors. It will be
appreciated that such a state of affairs is not always possible, for even
with the ideal design of protection the fire may be preceded by an
explosion causing disarrangement of the plant and some shielding of
the burning liquids. On this account the High Velocity Water Spray
system can only be put forward in such cases after a full enquiry into
all the circumstances.
6.1.5.2
The operating pressures are high in the case of the above system and
the pressures vary in the range of 3.5 to 5 bars.
6.2
6.2.1.
GENERAL INFORMATION
6.2.1.1
For fire risks involving the lighter oils, Liquefied Petroleum gases,
and other flammable liquids, where it may not be possible or
desirable to extinguish the fire completely.
CONTROLLED BURNING
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.1
may occur, and enable the gas to be burnt safely until the leakage is
sealed off.
6.2.2.3
6.2.2
6.2.3.1
6.2.4.
SCOPE OF APPLICATIONS
6.2.4.1
6.2.4.1.1 Fires involving flammable liquids and certain solids and semi-solids,
(with flash points between 32 o C and 65o C). For such hazards Medium
Velocity Water spray provides effective control by cooling, and by
extinguishing principles other than emulsification. The fire is
prevented from spreading to adjacent plant and buildings, and may,
under favourable conditions, be completely extinguished.
6.2.4.1.2 Few examples are Amyl alcohol
Aniline
Butyl alcohol
Certain fuel oils
Glacial acetic acid
Heavy naphtha
Isobutyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol
Paraffin
Nitrobenzene
Nitro-benzene
Pine oil
Safety solvents
Turpentine
6.2.4.1.3 Fires involving flammable liquids, liquefied gases, and certain solids
and semi-solids, which cannot be extinguished by any form of water
spray, or where it is not desirable to extinguish the fire completely.
The objects of these applications are to control the rate of burning,
prevent dangerous increase of pressure in vessels exposed to fire, and
protect adjacent plot and buildings. These liquids have flash points
below 32o C.
6.2.4.1.4 Few examples are Acetone
Benzene
Butadiene
Butane
Carbon disulphide
Cyclohexane
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide
Light naphtha
Methyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
6.2.4.1.5 Risks in which the main hazard is the exposure of plant and buildings
to heat from a fire in their vicinity. The object in this case is cooling to
prevent increase of pressure in vessels, to minimise fire damage and
prevent the spread of fire. This application includes all exposure risks.
6.2.4.1.6 For fires involving oils with flash points above 65 0 C High Velocity
Water Sprayers is recommended, since these fires can be very rapidly
extinguished in almost all cases. Medium Velocity Water Spray System
has a very wide range of application in the control of flammable liquid
fires.
6.2.4.1.7 LIMITATIONS
Instances occasionally occur where the application of any form of
water spray might result in effect dangerous to plant and personnel.
When these are encountered, either as an individual risk or occurring
in a plant under consideration for a Medium Velocity Water Spray
installation, advice should be sought from Tariff Advisory Committee.
Examples are
a) Materials, which react chemically with, water, sometimes violently,
to produce substances dangerous to life.
b) Flammable liquids in open containers without adequate overflow
and drainage facilities. Recommendations must be put forward for
bunding and draining to prevent the spread of fire beyond the
protected area.
c) Flammable liquids in open containers and at temperature higher
than the boiling points of water. The consequences of applying
water spray must be borne in mind as the penetration of water
below the surface of the hot liquid would cause rapid steam
generation and possibly violent boil-over with consequent danger
to personnel.
d) Flammable liquids in sealed plant operating at high surface
temperatures, where the effect of cold water application could
cause plant failure and serious damage. The plant should be lagged
or otherwise safeguarded against such a risk.
6.2.4.1.8 The operating pressures are not high in the case of above system and
the pressures vary in the range of 1.4 bars to 3.5 bars.
+++++++++ ++
73
The Secretary,
REGIONAL OFFICE
TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Dear Sir,
Application for Fire Extinguishing Appliance(s) Discount.
Risk
Situation
Please sacntion, as from date of receipt of this application, a Discount of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ %
for
the
following
Extinguishing, Appliances
,
applying
to
Blcoks/Equipment(The occupation floorwise and block Nos. of each building must be clearly
stated).
I/We enclose plan of the risk with all details marked thereon.
I/We certify that to the best of my/our knowledge and belief the appliances
referred to have been installed in strict accordance with the Rules of the
Committee and I/We also certify that the plan submitted is drawn in accordance
with the Committees Rules and is corect and up-to-date.
I/We also certify that a copy of the plan exact in every detail, is avilable
for the Regional Offices of the Committees Engineers use at the above
premises.
I/We enclose full particulars of the appliances togather with letter of
Gurantee signed by the Assured.
I am (we
are),
Yours
faithfully,
For use of the Regional Offices only
Date received
:
Date inspected
:
Discount sanctioned
Reference Number :
74
APPENDIX II
19
The Secretary,
REGIONAL OFFICE
TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Dear Sir,
Gurantee regarding Fire Extinguishing Appliance(s).
In consideration of your Regional Office granting a Discount for the Fire
Extinguishing Appliances detailed
on attached/singed form
which we have installed in the
situated at
I/We hereby engage ourselves(1) To maintain and upkeep the said appliances in efficient working
order and where such appliances and Committees Rules require
the upkeep of a trained Fire Brigade, to maintain such Brigade to
its full nubers in an efficient state.
(2) To advice the concerned Regional Office and first obtain permission
should at any time it be necessary to close down supply to pumps
or in any way render the appliances out of operation for repairs,
overhaul, etc.
(3) Not to extend, alter or demolish protected Blocks/Equipment or to
erect new Block/Equipment in the compound of the premises
without supplying the concerned Regional Office with a revised
plan or revising the plan filed with the concerned Regional Office.
(4) To keep at the above described premises a copy, exact in every
detail of the plan supplied to your Regional Office, same to be
available to the Regional Offices Engineer during his visits of
inspection.
(5) Not to re-number (or re-letter) Blocks, Compartments, etc., as
recorded on the plan filed with the Regional Office without advising
the Regional Office of such revision.
I am (we
are),
75
Yours
faithfully,
Note : All communication to the Regional Offi ce of the
Committee must be through the Leading Offi ce on the
risk.
Appendix III
Details of Automatic Fixed Water Spray Protection System
Available
at
(Name of Risk)
1. Type of System High Velocity/Medium Velocity
2. Details of the Installation
2.1 Pumps
No1
No2
No3
Jockey
No3
Jockey
Type (s)-Centrifugal/
vertical turbine.
Name Plate details:
Name of the Manufacturer.
Type/model
size of impeller
Discharge
Head
Serial number
RPM
2.2 Primemovers
No1
Type(s)-Electrical
motor/Diesel Engine
Name plate details :
Name of the manufacturer.
Type/Model
Horse Power/BHP
Serial number
Voltage/Current
Rated RPM
Type of insulation
Fuel tank capacity litres
2.4
76
No2
Water Supplies
3.1
3.2
Water Reservoir
System
Demand
in
Cubic
Metres
3
M
Resv.No.1
Resv. No.2
capacity
capacity
Resv. No.3
Remarks
capacity
M3
M3
M3
Actually provided in M3
Sprinkler
Spray
Hydrant
Foam
N.B.1 : Specify whether the reservoirs are underground, surface or
overhead.
N.B.2 : Specific mention should be made in case H.V. and M.V.
Systems are independent of
each other.
3.3
4.
Equipments/Blocks
Projectors/Sprayers
Protected
Detectors
Discharge
Sr.
Reqmnt.
Size &
Pressure
in
Orifice
HV/MV
77
K.
No. Type
Make available Plate
Nos. Make
Nos. Size Factor
Details
Systems
LPS
For HV System :-
Names
Type
Make
For MV System :-
Actual
Water Demand-(Discharge x
5.
Pump
Capacity
Pipes
Underground/above ground
Type and method of jointing
Make
IS or other equivalent
specification
Details of Coating/Wrapping, if any
To what pressure have the pipes
been tested
6.
78
Place :
Date :
SIGNATURE.
(FORM TO BE SIGNED BY THE OWNER OF THE PREMISES).
Appendix III
Details of Automatic Fixed Water Spray Protection System
Available
at
(Name of Risk)
79
No1
No2
No3
Jockey
No3
Jockey
Type (s)-Centrifugal/
vertical turbine.
Name Plate details:
Name of the Manufacturer.
Type/model
size of impeller
Discharge
Head
Serial number
RPM
2.2 Primemovers
No1
No2
Type(s)-Electrical
motor/Diesel Engine
Name plate details :
Name of the manufacturer.
Type/Model
Horse Power/BHP
Serial number
Voltage/Current
Rated RPM
Type of insulation
Fuel tank capacity litres
2.4
3.
Water Supplies
3.1
80
3.2
Water Reservoir
System
Demand
in
Cubic
Metres
M3
Resv.No.1
Resv. No.2
capacity
capacity
Resv. No.3
Remarks
capacity
M3
M3
M3
Actually provided in M3
Sprinkler
Spray
Hydrant
Foam
N.B.1 : Specify whether the reservoirs are underground, surface or
overhead.
N.B.2 : Specific mention should be made in case H.V. and M.V.
Systems are independent of
each other.
3.3
4.
Equipments/Blocks
Projectors/Sprayers
Protected
Detectors
Discharge
Reqmnt.
Sr. Size &
Pressure Orifice
HV/MV
in
No. Type
Make available Plate
Systems
Nos. Make
Nos. Size Factor
LPS
Details
81
K.
Names
Type
Make
For HV System :-
For MV System :-
Actual
Water Demand-(Discharge x
5.
Pump
Capacity
Pipes
Underground/above ground
Type and method of jointing
Make
IS or other equivalent
specification
Details of Coating/Wrapping, if any
To what pressure have the pipes
been tested
6.
Place :
Date :
SIGNATURE.
(FORM TO BE SIGNED BY THE OWNER OF THE PREMISES).
82
83