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    How Do Pressure Gauges Work?: P P PGH

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    jyotiangel
    Pressure gauges work by measuring the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube. The pressure is directly proportional to the height of the mercury column, as per the equation P1pgh/P2, where P1 is zero since there is essentially no gas above the mercury column. Measuring the height h thus gives a direct measurement of the atmospheric pressure P2.

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    How Do Pressure Gauges Work?: P P PGH

    Uploaded by

    jyotiangel
    62 views11 pages
    Pressure gauges work by measuring the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube. The pressure is directly proportional to the height of the mercury column, as per the equation P1pgh/P2, where P1 is zero since there is essentially no gas above the mercury column. Measuring the height h thus gives a direct measurement of the atmospheric pressure P2.

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    Pressure Gauge

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    Pressure Gauge

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    Pressure gauges work by measuring the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube. The pressure is directly proportional to the height of the mercury column, as per the equation P1pgh/P2, where P1 is zero since there is essentially no gas above the mercury column. Measuring the height h thus gives a direct measurement of the atmospheric pressure P2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views11 pages

    How Do Pressure Gauges Work?: P P PGH

    Uploaded by

    jyotiangel
    Pressure gauges work by measuring the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube. The pressure is directly proportional to the height of the mercury column, as per the equation P1pgh/P2, where P1 is zero since there is essentially no gas above the mercury column. Measuring the height h thus gives a direct measurement of the atmospheric pressure P2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    How do Pressure Gauges Work?

    The pressure at both points A and B is the same


    since both have the same amount of atmosphere
    above them. The glass tube, which contains a
    column of mercury, protects the top of the column
    from feeling the pressure of the atmosphere. The
    very top of the column is approximately empty.
    We measure the height of the mercury column and
    find it to be some number h. Remember from last
    lecture we found:

    P1 pgh
    

    P2

    Since there essentially no gas above the column in


    the tube, P1 = 0. This means the pressure of the
    atmosphere, P2 is directly proportional to the height
    of the mercury column (you know both and g).

    Pascal's Principle
    Book's definition:
    Any change in the pressure applied to a completely enclosed fluid is
    transmitted undiminished to all parts of the fluid and the enclosing walls.
    Translation:
    If you have a fluid contained in some way so there is not a volume of
    gas trapped in the container, then whatever pressure the fluid provides to
    one part of the container, it provides to all parts of the container.

    This is a very useful idea and is the principle behind hydraulic cylinders!

    Pascal's Principle (2)


    Remember that pressure is a force per area. Also
    remember Pascal's Principle states the pressure on the
    sides of the container (including the two pistons) is
    uniform throughout the container. Also, there is a
    height difference between piston 1 and piston 2
    measured as h.

     
    

     
    

    F2
    P2
    A2
    This should be the same as:
    F1
    gh
    A1
    therefore:
    F1
    F2
    gh A2
    A1
    

    Find F2 for a given F1.

    Archimedes' Principle
    Book's definition:
    Any fluid applies a buoyant force to an object that is partially or completely
    immersed in it; the magnitude of the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid that
    the object displaces.

    FB
    Magnitude of buoyant force

    Mathematically this is given by:

    W fluid
    Weight of displaced fluid

    Example Problem

    A cube of some material is floating in a


    volume of water so exactly of its volume
    is sticking out of the water. The cube is
    exactly 1 cm3 in volume. Water has a
    density of 1.000 103 kg/m3.
    How heavy is the cube?

    Fluids in Motion
    First, let's define some terms which relate to fluids:
    Flow:

    The motion of individual particles which make up the fluid.

    Steady Flow:

    The velocity of every particle passing a given point is the same.


    This does not change with time.

    Unsteady Flow: The velocity of particles passing a given point does change with
    time.
    Turbulent Flow:An extremely unsteady flow.
    Viscosity:

    How resistant the fluid is to flowing. Can also be thought of as the


    "thickness" of the fluid.

    Compressibility: How easily the fluid can change its density with a change in
    pressure upon it.

    Continuity of Fluid Flow


    The physical principle involved here
    is conservation of mass!

    Bernoulli's Equation

    v2

    1
    2

    P2

    gy 1

    2
    1

    1
    2

    P1

    This is defined mathematically (for the steady flow of a noncompressible fluid of density ) as:

    gy 2

    Ei

    W nc E f

    1
    m v 2f mgy f
    2

    1
    m v 2i
    2

    g y2

    2
    1

    2
    2

    1
    2

    P2

    P1

    Rearrange Bernoulli's Equation to identify the terms:

    y1

    Recall the work-energy theorem:

    mgy i

    g y2

    v1

    v2

    1
    2

    P2

    P1

    Bernoulli's Equation used to describe


    a Physical System
    y1

    Everyday Uses of Bernoulli's


    Equation

    Another Everyday Use

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