SYNOPSIS

This project is aimed at developing a web based Leave Management

Tool, which is of importance to a spoecific deparment in college. The Online
Leave Management is an Intranet based application that can be accessed
throughout the a specified Dept. This system can be used to automate the
workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The periodic crediting of
leave is also automated. There are features like notifications, cancellation of
leave, automatic approval of leave, report generators etc in this Tool.
The entire project has been developed keeping in view of the distributed
client server computing technology, in mind. The specification has been
normalized up to 3NF to eliminate all the anomalies that may arise due to the
database transaction that are executed by the general users and the
organizational administration. The user interfaces are browser specific to give
distributed accessibility for the overall system. The internal database has been
selected as MS-SQL server 200.The basic constructs of table spaces, clusters
and indexes have been exploited to provide higher consistency and reliability
for the data storage. The MS-SQL server 200 was a choice as it provides the
constructs of high-level reliability and security. The total front end was
dominated using the ASP.Net technologies.

Administrator

Search

Staf

Event Calendar

Activity Report

Authentication

Reports

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ORGANIZATION PROFILE
Software Solutions is an IT solution provider for a dynamic environment
where business and technology strategies converge. Their approach focuses
on new ways of business combining IT innovation and adoption while also
leveraging an organizations current IT assets. Their work with large global
1

corporations and new products or services and to implement prudent business

and technology strategies in todays environment.

1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT

The Easy Leave is an Intranet based application that can be accessed
throughout the organization or a specified group/Dept. This system can be
used to automate the workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The
periodic crediting of leave is also automated. There are features like email
notifications, cancellation of leave, automatic approval of leave, report
generators etc in this Tool.
The project has been planned to be having the view of distributed
architecture, with centralized storage of the database. The application for the
storage of the data has been planned. Using the constructs of MS-SQL Server
and all the user interfaces have been designed using the ASP.Net technologies.
The

database

connectivity

is

planned

using

the

SQL

Connection

methodology. The standards of security and data protective mechanism have

been given a big choice for proper usage. The application takes care of
diferent modules and their associated reports, which are produced as per the
applicable

strategies

and

standards

that

are

put

forwarded

by

the

administrative staf.
1.3 MODULE DESCRIPTION
Administrator:In this module the Administrator has the privileges to add all the stafs
and register them in the organization and check the information of the stafs
and check the status of the leave when they have taken and what type of
leave they have taken and search is done based on the staf and report is
generated based on staf.
Search:This module contain complete search like Leave search, Type of Leave,
stafs based on the leave and starting and ending day of leave.
Staff:In this module staf has the privileges to use his username and password
for login and he can give the request to the admin and he can pass the
process to the Manager and maintain the record of the stafs.
Event Calender:2

In this module the events activities carried out in the departments like
Guest Lectures, Workshop, Technical Symposium, Short Term Courses were
given in detail for the event remainder.
Activity Report:In this module the monthly activies of the students, stafs and the
deparment activies and their details were given for the further process of the
activities detail to shown to the other departments.
Authentication:This module contains all the information about the authenticated user.
User without his username and password cant enter into the login if he is only
the authenticated user then he can enter to his login.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
Under manual system, you have to first wait in line to take appointment
for the doctors and wait for your time to have meet with them and discuss on
your health problems. As you have to provide your information and other
reports many times at diferent places such as the medicine store which is
again a burden of carrying documents The current system is a manual one
where in the company maintains all the information in the form of records.
There by collecting necessary information with require a manual search in the
record(s).
Transfer of information between diferent sections of the enterprise is in
the form of documents or letters. Drafting letters will take time. Selection of a
person for a task is done by manually approaching the person and confirming
the availibity of the person.

2.2 PROBLEM IN EXISTING SYSTEM

Cannot Upload and Download the latest updates.

No use of Web Services and Remoting.

Risk of mismanagement and of data when the project is under

development.

Less Security.
3

No proper coordination between diferent Applications and Users.

Fewer Users - Friendly.

CHAPTER III
SYSTEM STUDY
3.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Easy-Leave is an Intranet based application that can be accessed
throughout the organization or a specified group/Dept. This system can be
used to automate the workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The
periodic crediting of leave is also automated. There are features like email
notifications, cancellation of leave, automatic approval of leave, report
generators etc in this Tool.
This project is aimed at developing a web based Leave Management
Tool, which is of importance to either an organization or a college. This is an
Intranet based application that can be accessed throughout the organization
or a specified group/Dept. This system can be used to automate the workflow
of leave applications and their approvals. The periodic crediting of leave is also
automated. There are features like email notifications, cancellation of leave,
automatic approval of leave, report generators etc in this Tool.

CHAPTER IV
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM

Administrator

Employee
Provide services

Emp
_details

Receive Report
Emp_id

Easy-Leave
Report
Details

Search
Details

Search

Report
_id

Search
_id

Authenticati
on

4.2 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM

6

Report

1st Level DFD

Registration
Details

Employee
Details

Check for
Registration

Insert New
Employee
Employee
Detail
Process

Check for
Admin
Verify
Data

Admin
Details

Admin
Details
Process

Employe
e Process

Employee
Details

2nd Level DFD

7

Leave
Application
Details

Login
Details

Check for
Designation
Employe
e
Login

Leave
Application

Check for
Leave Type

Leave
Details

Leave
Details

Check for Leave

info

Check for
Leave Status

Check for
Leave Type
Leave Type
Checking

Leave
Status

Leave Status
Detail

Leave Type
Details

Emp
Detail
s

Employee
Details

3rd Level DFD

Employee Details

Request for Employee

Reg Details

Generate
Employee

Validate
Employee

Validate
Leave
Status

Commit

Leave Details

Validate
Leave
Detail

Validate
Leave
Type

Database
Updated
Employee
Details

Leave Status
Details

Leave Type Details

4.3 USECASE FOR ADMIN

Home Page
Login Page
Admin Home Page

Add/Delete Dept

Add/Delete
Employee
Add / Delete Leave

Admin

Leave Checking

Leave Sanction
Monthly Leave
Trans
Yearly Leave Trans
Repor
Search Employee
Search Leave

Search Dept

10

Home Page
Login Page
Employee Home
Page
Change Own Info

Change Password

Apply for Leave

Employee

Check Leave Status

Leave Sanction
Status
Check Leave Type

Search
Leave
Type
Register
Employee
Repor

Update
Info
Search for Employee

4.3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

HARDWARE REQUIRMENTS
Processor

: AMD ATHLON 4200

Hard disk

: 80 GB
11

Ram

: 1GB

Speed

: 2.21 GHz

Monitor

: LG

Mother board

: ASUS

Mouse model

: OPTICAL

Keyboard

: LOGITECH, 108 Keys

SOFTWARE REQUIRMENTS:
Operating System
Front End

: Windows XP Professional
: Asp.NET

Back End

: SQLSERVER

ABOUT THE SOFTWARE

FRONT END
ASP.NET is more than the next version of Active Server Pages (ASP); it
provides a unified Web development model that includes the services
necessary for developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. While
ASP.NET is largely syntax compatible with ASP, it also provides a new
programming

model

and

infrastructure

for

more

scalable

and

stable

applications that help provide greater protection. You can feel free to augment
your existing ASP applications by incrementally adding ASP.NET functionality to
them.
ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET-based environment; you can author
applications in any .NET compatible language, including Visual Basic .NET, C#,
and JScript .NET. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any
ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of these
technologies,

which

include

the

managed

common

language

runtime

environment, type safety, inheritance, and so on.

ASP.NET has been designed to work seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML
editors and other programming tools, including Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.
Not only does this make Web development easier, but it also provides all the
benefits that these tools have to ofer, including a GUI that developers can use
to drop server controls onto a Web page and fully integrated debugging
support.
12

Developers can use Web Forms or XML Web services when creating an ASP.NET
application, or combine these in any way they see fit. Each is supported by the
same

infrastructure

that

allows

using

authentication

schemes,

cache

frequently used data, or customize the application's configuration, to name

only a few possibilities.

Web Forms allow you to build powerful forms-based Web pages.

When building these pages, you can use ASP.NET server controls to
create common UI elements, and program them for common tasks.

These controls allow you to rapidly build a Web Form out of

reusable built-in or custom components, simplifying the code of a
page. For more information, see Web Forms Pages.

For information on how to develop ASP.NET server controls, see

Developing ASP.NET Server Controls.

Overview of Asp .Net

ASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the services
necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum
of coding. ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding ASP.NET
applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framework. You can code
your applications in any language compatible with the common language
runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#. These languages
enable you to develop ASP.NET applications that benefit from the common
language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and so on.

There are a number of tools available to help you test and monitor
the performance

of

your

Web

application.

Microsoft

Visual

Studio .NET provides Application Center Test 1.0 (ACT), which

simulates a large group of users by opening multiple connections
to a Web server and rapidly sending HTTP requests. ASP.NET
includes a number of performance counters that you can use to
track the execution of your application. You can also use the built13

in ASP.NET tracing feature to track code execution for a page or an

application.

A Microsoft ASP.NET application is defined as all the files and

executable code that can be invoked from a virtual directory and
its subdirectories on a Web server. These can include Web pages
(.html files), Web Forms pages (.aspx files), Web Forms user
controls (.ascx files), XML Web Services (.asmx files), HTTP
handlers, HTTP modules, and other files (such as image and
configuration files). Any script maps that are associated with the
version of the Microsoft .NET Framework that you are using are
also a part of an ASP.NET application.

If an ASP.NET application has been developed using Microsoft

Visual Studio .NET, a project DLL is stored in the \Bin directory
under the application's root directory. Any other DLLs that provide
functionality that the application uses, whether it has been
developed using Visual Studio or not, must reside in the \Bin
directory as well. These can include compiled ASP.NET custom
server controls, business logic, and database access logic.

The relationship between an ASP.NET application and Internet

Information Services (IIS) is this: IIS serves all requests for
publishable ASP.NET files through aspnet_isapi.dll (the process
model for ASP.NET). IIS does not process the server-side code; the
ASP.NET engine does that and then returns the output to IIS (or
another Web server, possibly) to be served from that software.

The Microsoft ASP.NET configuration system features an extensible

infrastructure that enables you to define configuration settings
when your ASP.NET applications are first deployed so that you can
add or revise configuration settings at any time with minimal
impact on operational Web applications and servers.

FEATURES OF ASP .NET

Each of these models can take full advantage of all ASP.NET features, as
well as the power of the .NET Framework and .NET Framework common
14

language runtime. These features and how you can use them are outlined as
follows:

If you have ASP development skills, the new ASP.NET programming

model will seem very familiar.

However, the ASP.NET object model has changed significantly from

ASP, making it more structured and object-oriented.

Unfortunately

this

means

that

ASP.NET

is

not

fully

backward

compatible; almost all existing ASP pages will have to be modified to some
extent in order to run under ASP.NET.

In addition, major changes to Visual Basic .NET means that existing

ASP pages written with Visual Basic Scripting Edition typically will not port
directly to ASP.NET.

In most cases, though, the necessary changes will involve only a few

lines of code. For more information, see Migrating from ASP to ASP.NET.

ASP.NET provides a simple model that enables Web developers to

write logic that runs at the application level.

ASP.NET

provides

easy-to-use

application

and

session-state

facilities that are familiar to ASP developers and are readily compatible with all
other .NET Framework APIs.
ASP .NET SERVER CONTROL
The ASP.NET page framework includes a number of built-in server
controls that are designed to provide a more structured programming model
for the Web. These controls provide the following features:

Automatic state management.

Simple access to object values without having to use the Request

object.

Ability to react to events in server-side code to create applications that

are better structured.

Common approach to building user interfaces for Web pages.

Output is automatically customized based on the capabilities of the

browser.
15

In addition to the built-in controls, the ASP.NET page framework also

provides the ability to create user controls and custom controls. User controls
and custom controls can enhance and extend existing controls to build a much
richer user interface.
BACK END
SQL referred to as Structured Query Language is a programming
language designed for managing data in relational database management
systems (RDBMS).Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational
calculus, its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema
creation and modification, and data access control.
SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's
relational model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational
Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Despite not adhering to the
relational model as described by Codd, it became the most widely used
database language. Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent
is, a declarative language, it also includes procedural elements. SQL became a
standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986 and of
the International Organization for Standards (ISO) in 1987. Since then, the
standard has been enhanced several times with added features. However,
issues of SQL code portability between major RDBMS products still exist due to
lack of full compliance with, or diferent interpretations of, the standard.
Among the reasons mentioned are the large size and incomplete specification
of the standard, as well as vendor lock-in.
Overview of SQL
SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All
relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, and Oracle,
Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL Server uses SQL as standard database
language. Also they are using diferent dialects, Such as:

MS SQL Server using T-SQL,

Oracle using PL/SQL,

MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL (native format )etc

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by

Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and
16

retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the

same computer or those running on another computer across a network
(including the Internet). There are at least a dozen diferent editions of
Microsoft SQL Server aimed at diferent audiences and for diferent workloads
SQL Server 2005 (codename Yukon), released in October 2005, is the
successor to SQL Server 2000. It included native support for managing XML
data, in addition to relational data. For this purpose, it defined an xml data
type that could be used either as a data type in database columns or as
literals in queries.
XML is converted to an internal binary data type before being stored in
the database. Specialized indexing methods were made available for XML
data. XML data is queried using XQuery; Common Language Runtime (CLR)
integration was a main feature with this edition, enabling one to write SQL
code as Managed Code by the CLR.
SQL Commands
SQL Commands will show the use of SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE. SQL
commands are instructions used to communicate with the database to perform
specific task that work with data. SQL commands can be used not only for
searching the database but also to perform various other functions like, for
example, you can create tables, add data to tables, or modify data, drop the
table, set permissions for users. SQL commands are grouped into four major
categories depending on their functionality:
Data Definition Language (DDL)
These SQL commands are used for creating, modifying, and dropping the
structure of database objects.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
These SQL commands are used for storing, retrieving, modifying, and
deleting data. These commands are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Transaction Control Language (TCL)
These commands are COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.
Data Control Language (DCL)
These SQL commands are used for providing security to database
objects. These commands are GRANT and REVOKE.
17

CHAPTER V
SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 DATABASE ANALYSIS
Database design is an important place in designing a system. During this
phase care should be taken to avoid redundancy of information storing into a
database, since it leads to wastage of memory space.
Normalization Techniques:
Normalization is a process of simplifying the relationship between data
elements in a record. Through normalization a collection of data in a records
structure is replaced by successive record structures that are simpler and
more predictable and therefore more manageable.

First Normal Form

A relation is said to be in first normal form if the values in the relation are
atomic for every attribute in the relation .By this we mean simply that no
attribute value can be a set of values or as it sometimes expressed, a
repeating group.

Second Normal Form

A relation is said to be in second normal form if it is in first normal form and it

should satisfy any one of the following rules.Primary key is a not a composite
primary key.No non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on full set of
primary key

Third Normal Form

A relation is said to be in third normal form if it is in second normal form

and if their exits no transitive dependencies

18

Transitive Dependency
If two non-key attributes depends on each other as well as on the

primary key then they are said to be transitively dependent. the above
normalization principles where applied to decompose the data in multiple
tables there by making the data to be maintained in a consistent state.

DATABASE DESIGN
Table Name: Login
Description: This table is to store the user login details.
FIELD

DATA TYPE

WIDTH

KEY FIELD

DESCRIPTION

NAME
Admin

Varchar

Primary Key

Admin Login

Pwd

Varchar

Password

Table Name: User login

Description: This table is to store the user login details.
FIELD
NAME
Username

DATA TYPE

WIDT

KEY FIELD

DESCRIPTION

Varchar

H
8

Primary

Username for Login

Key
Pwd

Varchar

Password

Role

Varchar

10

Role of the user

19

Table: Employee Registraion

Description: This table is to store the employee registration details
Field
Name

Data Type

Widt
h

KEY FIELD

Description

Primary Key

Employee Id

Empid

Varchar

Empname

Varchar

15

Employee Name

EmpDesign

Varchar

15

Employee Designation

DeptId

Integer

10

Department ID

Address

Varchar

25

Contact Address

Emailid

Varchar

25

Email Id

Contactno

Integer

10

Contact Number

Username

Varchar

Username

Password

Varchar

Password

Table: Leave Application

Description: This table is to store the employee leave Application details
Field Name
Applicationn

Data Type

Widt
h

KEY FIELD

Description

Primary Key

Leave Application No

Int

Username

Varchar

Username

Leavetype

Varchar

15

Employee Leave Type

Startdate

Date/Time

Enddate

Date/Time

25

Leave Ending Date

Applydate

Date/Time

25

Applying Date

noofday

Integer

10

No.of Leave Days

leavepurpo

varchar

15

Leave purpose

Leave Starting Date

Table Name: Deparment Details

Description: This table is to store the Deparment Id details.
FIELD

DATA TYPE

WIDTH

NAME
20

KEY FIELD

DESCRIPTION

DeptId
Deptname

Integer
Varchar

10
8

DeptDescrip

char

25

Primary Key

Department ID
Department Name
Description

Table Name: Leave Sanction Details

Description: This table is to store the Leave Sanction details.
FIELD

DATA TYPE

WIDTH

KEY FIELD

DESCRIPTION

Sanctionno

Integer

10

Sanctiondat

Date/Time

e
SanctionSta

char

25

Sanction Status

t
Username

Varchar

15

User name

NAME
Primary
Key

Department ID
Sanctioned Date

21

CHAPTER VI
SYSTEM TESING AND IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 TESTING
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of
trying to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It
provides a way to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies,
assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising software
with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements
and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are
various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.
UNIT TESTING
Unit testing focuses verification eforts on the smallest unit of the
software design, the modules. This is also known as Module Testing. The
modules

are

tested

separately.

The

testing

was

carried

out

during

programming stage itself. In the testing each module is found to be working

satisfactorily as regards to the expected output from the module. During the
implementation of the system each module of the system is tested separately
to uncover errors with its boundaries. We use interfaces as a guide in this
process. For a complete software examination, both white box and black box
tests are required.
BLACK BOX TESTING
Black box testing is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of
the item being tested. For example, when black box testing is applied to
software engineering, the tester would only know the Legal inputs and what
the expected Outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at
those outputs.
It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with
respected to the specifications; no other knowledge of the program is
necessary. For this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent
of one another, avoiding programmer bias towards this own work.

For this

testing, test groups are often used; Test Groups are sometimes called
Professional people who are good at designing incorrect data.Also known as
22

glass box, structured, clear box and open box testing. Software technique
whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested is
used to select the test data. Unlike black box testing, White box testing uses a
specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs.
The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to
do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal.
White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission and all
visible code must also be readable.
INTEGRATION TESTING
Once the modules are tested individually under the unit testing strategy,
it is necessary to put all these modules together interfacing. It is here that the
data can be lost across the interface; one module can have an inadvertent
adverse efect on another.
Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the
program structure while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors
associated with interfacing the objective is to take unit-testing modules and
build a program structure that has been dictated by design. This is the last
phase of the testing.

The main objective of integration testing is to take the

unit tester modules and build a program structure that has defined in the
designing. There are two approaches in this testing.

6.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is the stage of the project where the theoretical design
is turned into a working system. At this stage the main work load, the greatest
upheaval and the major impact on the existing system shifts to the user
department. If the implementation is not carefully planned a controlled it can
cause chaos and confusion.
Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert
from the old system to the new one. The new system may be totally new,
replacing an existing manual or automated system or it may be a major
modification to an existing system.

Proper implementation is essential to

provide a reliable system to meet the organization requirements. Successful

implementation may not guarantee improvement in the organization using the
new system, but improper installation will prevent it.
23

The process of putting the developed system in actual use is called

system implementation. This includes all those activities that take place to
convert from the old system to the new system.

The system can be

implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it is found to be

working according to the specifications.
The system personnel check the feasibility of the system. The most
crucial stage is achieving a new successful system and giving confidence on
the new system for the user that it will work efficiently and efectively.

It

involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its

constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the changeover.
The more complex the system being implemented, the more involved will be
the system analysis an the design efort required just for implementation.
The system implementation has three main aspects.They are education
and training, system testing and changeover.
The implementation stage involves following tasks.

Design of methods to achieve the changeover.

Training of the staf in the changeover phase.

Evaluation of the changeover method.

The method of implementation and the time scale to be adopted are

found out initially. Next the system is tested properly and the same time users
are trained in the new procedures.

24

CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCMENT
It has been a great pleasure for me to work on this exciting and
challenging project. This project proved good for me as it provided practical
knowledge of not only programming in ASP.NET and VB.NET web based
application and no some extent Windows Application and SQL Server, but also
about all handling procedure related with Online Leave Management.
It also provides knowledge about the latest technology used in developing web
enabled application and client server technology that will be great demand in
future. This will provide better opportunities and guidance in future in
developing projects independently.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

This System being web-based and an undertaking of Cyber Security

Division, needs to be thoroughly tested to find out any security gaps.

A console for the data centre may be made available to allow the
personnel to monitor on the sites which were cleared for hosting during
a particular period.

Moreover, it is just a beginning; further the system may be utilized in

various other types of auditing operation viz. Network auditing or similar
process/workflow based applications.

25

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
1) Pro ASP.NET 4 in C# 2010, Matthew MacDonald; Adam Freeman;
Mario Szpuszta, Apress.

2) Fast ASP.NET Websites, Dean Alan Hume, Manning Publications; 1

edition

3) Software engineering By Roger Pressman Fifth Edition,Mc.Graw Hill

International Edition 2001

4) System Analysis And Design Elias M.Awad, Second Edition Galgotia

Publications (P) Ltd Published by Sunil Galgotia, 2002

WEBSITE
1. http://www.sourcefordgde.com
1. http://www.networkcomputing.com/
2. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/
3. http://www.codingforums.com/
4. http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/

26