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    Introduction and Case Studies: Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1 Ref. No. PT/2, Version 1.1 Date of Issue 1 / 6 / 00

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    weldsv1
    The document provides an introduction to reservoir engineering concepts including core permeability and porosity relationships, capillary pressure curves, relative permeability curves, phase labeling in reservoir simulations, and grid block modeling. It also discusses numerical methods for reservoir simulation including finite difference approximations, well modeling techniques including local grid refinement, the flow equations, and permeability upscaling methods. Finally, it presents examples of reservoir simulation model setup, including gridding, well placement, and example recovery factor curves comparing different grid resolutions.

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    Introduction and Case Studies: Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1 Ref. No. PT/2, Version 1.1 Date of Issue 1 / 6 / 00

    Uploaded by

    weldsv1
    44 views8 pages
    The document provides an introduction to reservoir engineering concepts including core permeability and porosity relationships, capillary pressure curves, relative permeability curves, phase labeling in reservoir simulations, and grid block modeling. It also discusses numerical methods for reservoir simulation including finite difference approximations, well modeling techniques including local grid refinement, the flow equations, and permeability upscaling methods. Finally, it presents examples of reservoir simulation model setup, including gridding, well placement, and example recovery factor curves comparing different grid resolutions.

    Original Description:

    HW reservoir stimulation

    Original Title

    Res Sim Covers

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    The document provides an introduction to reservoir engineering concepts including core permeability and porosity relationships, capillary pressure curves, relative permeability curves, phase labeling in reservoir simulations, and grid block modeling. It also discusses numerical methods for reservoir simulation including finite difference approximations, well modeling techniques including local grid refinement, the flow equations, and permeability upscaling methods. Finally, it presents examples of reservoir simulation model setup, including gridding, well placement, and example recovery factor curves comparing different grid resolutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views8 pages

    Introduction and Case Studies: Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1 Ref. No. PT/2, Version 1.1 Date of Issue 1 / 6 / 00

    Uploaded by

    weldsv1
    The document provides an introduction to reservoir engineering concepts including core permeability and porosity relationships, capillary pressure curves, relative permeability curves, phase labeling in reservoir simulations, and grid block modeling. It also discusses numerical methods for reservoir simulation including finite difference approximations, well modeling techniques including local grid refinement, the flow equations, and permeability upscaling methods. Finally, it presents examples of reservoir simulation model setup, including gridding, well placement, and example recovery factor curves comparing different grid resolutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Introduction and Case Studies

    100.0
    50.0

    Core Permeabilty (md)

    10.0
    5.0

    1.0
    0.5

    0.1
    0.05
    10,000

    0.01
    6

    10

    12
    14
    16
    Core Porosity (%)

    18

    20

    22

    Core Permeabilty (md)

    1,000

    100

    10

    1
    0

    10

    20
    Core Porosity (%)

    Ref. No. PT/2,


    RS/1, Version 1.1 Date of issue

    1 / 6 / 00

    30

    Basic Concepts in Reservoir Engineering

    Capillary Pressure
    Swc

    Relative Permeability

    Sor

    Pc

    Swc

    Sor

    krel
    kro
    krw

    Sw

    SROCK
    w
    Phase Labels:
    j = 1 = Gas

    GAS
    Sg

    Component concentrations
    in each phase:
    Gas:

    C11, C21, C31....

    Oil:

    C12, C22, C32....

    j = 2 = Oil
    j = 3 = Water

    OIL + GAS
    So
    WATER + GAS
    Sw

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

    Water: C13, C23, C33....

    Reservoir Simulation Model Set-Up

    No
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    .
    .
    24
    25
    26
    27
    .
    .
    75

    i
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    1
    2
    3
    .
    .
    4
    5
    1
    2
    .
    .
    5

    j
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    2
    .
    .
    5
    5
    1
    1
    .
    .
    5

    k
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    .
    .
    1
    1
    2
    2
    .
    .
    3

    500

    500

    500

    500

    500

    1
    2
    3

    50
    50
    50
    1

    500

    500

    500

    500
    500

    X
    Z

    Production well
    Injection well

    Two well quarter


    five-spot grid

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

    Recovery factor

    Gridding And Well Modelling

    0.5
    0.45
    0.4
    0.35
    0.3
    0.25
    0.2
    0.15
    0.1
    0.05
    0 x

    Gravity Dominated

    x x

    x x

    Gas

    x x x
    x x
    x x
    x
    x
    x x

    Oil

    VE Limit

    x
    x

    fine grid : 5 layers


    Schematic of
    fine grid : 25 layers
    fine grid : 50 layers injector
    x fine grid : 200 layers
    coarse grid

    x
    x
    x
    x

    0.2

    0.4

    PVI

    0.6

    0.8

    Local Grid Refinement (LGR)

    producer

    Coarse grid
    in aquifer

    Hybrid Grid

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

    The Flow Equations

    NOTATION
    i - 1/2 = (i-1)
    i
    i + 1/2 = i (i+1)
    j - 1/2 = (j-1)
    j
    j + 1/2 = j (j+1)

    Well
    Mij

    y (j)

    x (i)

    i-1

    i,j+

    ,j

    i,j

    i,j-1

    i+1

    Thickness = h

    ,j

    Note for the control volume, block (i,j), the flow areas in the x and y directions,
    Ax and Ay are given by:

    , Ay

    a
    Are

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

    x.h
    =

    Are

    a, A

    x=

    y
    .h

    Numerical Methods in Reservoir Simulation

    Pi+1
    P(x)
    Pi
    Pi-1
    x = constant
    x

    xi-1

    xi

    xi-1

    Governing equation:

    Notation:
    x
    = the x- grid spacing or distance between grid points
    1
    (i - 1), i, (i + 1) = the x - label (subscript)
    for the grid point or block numbers
    Pi-1, Pi, Pi+1
    = the corresponding function values at grid point i-1, i, i+1 etc.

    Sw
    2Sw
    Sw
    = - Vw
    +D
    t
    x
    x2

    Sw

    Vw = constant
    0

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

    Permeability Upscaling

    boundary conditions applied


    to outer edges of model

    keff calculated for


    this block

    Correlation Length

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

    Examination and Model Solutions

    ;;;;
    yyyy
    ;;;;
    yyyy
    ;;;;
    yyyy
    ;;;;
    yyyy
    A

    E:

    N
    O

    TI
    A

    R:

    SI

    E:

    EA

    RS

    TR

    CO

    IS
    G

    RE

    TU

    .:

    RE

    8 Pages

    Co

    t
    no
    o
    td n
    bu
    o
    on inati
    cti
    se xam
    is
    th
    e e hed
    te
    l th inis
    ple unti
    f
    m
    is
    al
    se

    Date:
    Subject:

    Reservoir Simulation
    INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
    No.

    Mk.

    1. Complete the sections above but do not seal until the examination is finished.
    2. Insert in box on right the numbers of the questions attempted.

    Model Solutions to Examination

    3. Start each question on a new page.


    4. Rough working should be confined to left hand pages.
    5. This book must be handed in entire with the top corner sealed.
    6. Additional books must bear the name of the candidate, be sealed and be affixed to
    the first book by means of a tag provided

    Q14

    PLEASE READ EXAMINATION REGULATIONS ON BACK COVER

    Grid Block Interface


    With No Maths
    Upstream grid block

    Downstream grid block

    Fine
    grid
    i+1

    Treat This "Interface Block"


    Coarse Block

    Consider only ACTUAL flows of Qw and Qo across the coase block


    interface only. Thus, if the fine grid water (say) flows have not
    reached the coarse grid interface

    then Qw = 0. => set krw= 0

    When there is oil or water flow e.g. water flow.

    Ref. No. RS/1, Version 1.1

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